Morphological characterization and plant density of Brazilian ornamental sweet potatoes

Tamura, Mônica Mieko Nakanishi; Mattiuz, Claudia Fabrino Machado; Piotto, Fernando Angelo; Peressin, Valdemir Antonio; Gonçalves, Charleston; Feltran, José Carlos; Bernacci, Luis Carlos; Anefalos, Lilian Cristina; Fabri, Eliane Gomes

doi:10.1590/2447-536X.v30.e242673

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Article • Ornam. Hortic. 30 • Jan-Dec 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2447-536X.v30.e242673 copy

Morphological characterization and plant density of Brazilian ornamental sweet potatoes

Caracterização morfológica e densidade de plantas de batata-doce ornamental brasileira

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The production of flowers and ornamental plants has shown continuous growth and demanded constant innovations in the sector. The sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) is a tuberous vegetable that has attracted consumers, growers and landscapers due to its ornamental characteristics of its leaves and vines. However, the introduction of sweet potatoes for ornamental purposes is recent in the Brazilian market. The objective of this study was to investigate the ornamental potential of five sweet potato genotypes (IAC104, IAC116, IAC401, IAC909 and IAC1024), through morphological characterization, in addition to evaluating the effect of plant density in pot (1, 2 and 3 plants in pot) on the development of the aerial part and storage roots. The genotypes IAC116, IAC401 and IAC909 showed characteristics of erect and compact plants, while IAC401 and IAC1024 were classified as semi-erect, with only IAC1024 showing a twining vine. Increasing the density of plants resulted in a significant increase in both the number and fresh matter of storage roots in pot, but there was no significant difference in the fresh matter of the aerial part. As a result of this study, the first five ornamental sweet potato cultivars in Brazil were registered with the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply (MAPA), named ‘IAC Claudia’, ‘IAC Katherine’, ‘IAC Mara’, ‘IAC Mônica’ and ‘IAC Yoka’, with registration numbers 51087, 51090, 51091, 51092 and 51093, respectively.

Keywords:
Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.; ornamental plant; potted plant; floriculture; landscape

Descriptors		Grades	Descriptors		Grades	Descriptors		Grades
1.	Twining		9.	Mature leaf size		17.	Bud size
	Non-twining	0		Small (<8 cm)	3		Bud lenght	cm
	Slightly twining	3		Medium (8-15 cm)	5	18.	Shape of limb
	Moderately twining	5		Large (16-25 cm)	7		Semi-stellate	3
	Twining	7		Very large (>25 cm)	9		Pentagonal	5
	Very twining	9	10.	Abaxial leaf vein pigmentation			Rounded	7
2.	Plant type			Yellow	1	19.	Sepal color
	Erect (<75cm)	3		Green	2		Green	1
	Semi-erect (75-150 cm)	5		Purple spot in the base of main rib	3		Green with purple edge	2
	Spreading (151-250 cm)	7		Purple spots in several veins	4		Green with purple spots	3
	Extremely spreading (> 250 cm)	9		Main rib partially purple	5		Green with purple areas	5
3.	Predominant vine color			Main ribmostly or totally purple	6		Some sepals green, others purple	6
	Green	1		All veins partially purple	7		Totally pigmented - pale purple	7
	Green with few purple spots	3		All veins mostly or totally purple	8		Totally pigmented - dark purple	9
	Green with many purple spots	4		Lower surface and veins totally purple	9	20.	Predominant skin color of storage roots
	Green with many dark purple spots	5	11.	Mature leaf color			White	1
	Mostly purple	6		Yellow-green	1		Cream	2
	Mostly dark purple	7		Green	2		Yellow	3
	Totally purple	8		Green with purple edge	3		Orange	4
	Totally dark purple	9		Greyish-green (due to heavy pubescence)	4		Brownish orange	5
4.	Secondary vine color			Green with purple veins on upper surface	5		Pink	6
	Absent	0		Slightly purple	6		Red	7
	Green base	1		Mostly purple	7		Purple-red	8
	Green tip	2		Green upper, purple lower	8		Dark purple	9
	Green nodes	3		Purple both surfaces	9	21.	Intensity of predominant skin color
	Purple base	4	12.	Immature leaf color			Pale	1
	Purple tip	5		Yellow-green	1		Intermediate	2
	Purple nodes	6		Green	2		Dark	3
	Other	7		Green with purple edge	3	22.	Predominant flesh color of storage roots
5.	Mature leaf shape			Greyish-green (due to heavy pubescence)	4		White	1
	Rounded	1		Green with purple veins on upper surface	5		Cream	2
	Reniform (kidney-shaped)	2		Slightly purple	6		Dark cream	3
	Cordate (heart-shaped)	3		Mostly purple	7		Pale yellow	4
	Triangular	4		Green upper, purple lower	8		Dark yellow	5
	Hastate	5		Purple both surfaces	9		Pale orange	6
	Lobed	6	13.	Petiole pigmentation			Intermediate orange	7
	Almost divided	7		Green	1		Dark orange	8
6.	Leaf lobes type			Green with purple near stem	2		Strongly pigmented with anthocyanins	9
	No lateral lobes (entire)	0		Green with purple near leaf	3	23.	Secondary flesh color
	Very slight (teeth)	1		Green with purple at both ends	4		Absent	0
	Slightly twining	3		Green with purple spots throughout petiole	5		White	1
	Moderate	5		Green with purple stripes	6		Cream	2
	Deep	7		Purple with green near leaf	7		Yellow	3
	Very deep	9		Some petioles purple, others green	8		Orange	4
7.	Leaf lobe number			Totally or mostly purple	9		Pink	5
	One	1	14.	Flowering habit			Red	6
	Three	3		None	0		Purple-red	7
	Five	5		Sparse	3		Purple	8
	Seven	7		Moderate	5		Dark purple	9
	Nine	9		Profuse	7	24.	Distribution of secondary flesh color
8.	Shape of central leaf lobe		15.	Flower color			Absent	0
	Absent	0		White	1		Narrow ring in cortex	1
	Toothed	1		White limb with purple throat	2		Broad ring in cortex	2
	Triangular	2		White limb with pale purple ring and purple throat	3		Scattered spots in flesh	3
	Semi-circular	3		Pale purple limb with purple throat	4		Narrow ring in flesh	4
	Semi-elliptic	4		Purple	5		Broad ring in flesh	5
	Elliptic	5		Other (specify)	6		Ring and others areas in flesh	6
	Lanceolate	6	16.	Flower size			In longitudinal sections	7
	Oblanceolate	7		Flower lenght	cm		Covering most of the flesh	8
	Linear (broad)	8		Flower width	cm		Covering all flesh	9
	Linear (narrow)	9

	DENS	NR	FMR	FMAP
DENS	-	<0,01	0	0,72
NR	0,35	-	0,01	0,86
FMR	0,40	0,20	-	<0,01
FMAP	0,03	-0,01	-0,43	-

	Descriptors	Genotypes
	Descriptors	IAC104	IAC116	IAC401	IAC909	IAC1024
1.	Twining	Non-twining	Non-twining	Non-twining	Non-twining	Twining
2.	Plant type	Semierects (75-150 cm)	Erects (<75 cm)	Erects (<75 cm)	Erects (<75 cm)	Semierects (75-150 cm)
3.	Vine pigmentation	Green with many purple spots on upper surface	Green with few purple spots on upper surface	Mostly purple	Totally dark purple	Totally purple
4.	Secondary vine color	Absent	Absent	Absent	Absent	Green tip
5.	Mature leaf shape	Hastate	Cordate (heart-shaped)	Almost divided	Triangular	Lobed
6.	Leaf lobes type	Moderate	Very slight (teeth)	Very deep	Slight	Deep
7.	Leaf lobe number	3	1	5	3	5
8.	Shape of central leaf lobe	Semi-elliptic	Toothed	Lanceolate	Triangular	Elliptic
9.	Mature leaf size (cm)	10,17	10,68	12,66	12,43	10,04
10.	Immature leaf color	Green with purple edge	Green with purple edge	Mostly purple	Purple both surfaces	Green with purple edge
11.	Mature leaf color	Green	Green	Green	Green with purple veins on upper surface and totally purple on lower surface	Green with purple edge
12.	Abaxial leaf vein pigmentation	Green	Green	Green	Lower surface and veins totally purple	Purple spot in the base of main rib
13.	Petiole pigmentation	Green with purple near leaf	Green with purple near leaf	Green with purple near leaf	Totally or mostly purple	Totally or mostly purple
14.	Flowering habit	Sparse	Sparse	None	Sparse	Profuse
15.	Shape of limb of flower	Pentagonal	Semi-stellate	-	Rounded	Pentagonal
16.	Flower size	3,37	3,53	-	3,87	3,21
		3,25	3,43	-	3,67	3,45
17.	Bud size - lenght (cm)	2,63	2,68	-	3,13	2,48
18.	Flower color	White limb with purple throat	White limb with purple throat	-	Pale purple limb with purple throat	White limb with purple throat
19.	Sepal color	Green	Green	-	Totally pigmented - dark purple	Totally pigmented - dark purple
20.	Predominant skin color of storage roots	Cream	Pink	Red	Dark purple	Purple-red
21.	Intensity of predominant skin color	Intermediate	Pale	Intermediate	Dark	Dark
22.	Predominant flesh color of storage roots	Dark yellow	Pale yellow	Dark orange	Strongly pigmented with anthocyanins	Strongly pigmented with anthocyanins
23.	Secondary flesh color of storage roots	Absent	Absent	Absent	White	White
24.	Distribution of secondary flesh color	Absent	Absent	Absent	Narrow ring in cortex	Narrow ring in cortex

Sociedade Brasileira de Floricultura e Plantas Ornamentais Av. Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, 36570-000 - Viçosa, Minas Gerais - Brasil, (32) 3379-4983, Tel: (32) 3379-4983 - Viçosa - MG - Brazil
E-mail: editor.ornamentalhorticulture@gmail.com

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[1] * Correspondent author: monica.tamura@usp.br