Caracterização morfológica e densidade de plantas de batata-doce ornamental brasileira

Tamura, Mônica Mieko Nakanishi; Mattiuz, Claudia Fabrino Machado; Piotto, Fernando Angelo; Peressin, Valdemir Antonio; Gonçalves, Charleston; Feltran, José Carlos; Bernacci, Luis Carlos; Anefalos, Lilian Cristina; Fabri, Eliane Gomes

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Article • Ornam. Hortic. 30 • Jan-Dec 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2447-536X.v30.e242673 copiar

Caracterização morfológica e densidade de plantas de batata-doce ornamental brasileira

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Resumo

A produção de flores e plantas ornamentais tem apresentado crescimento contínuo, e demandado constantes inovações no setor. A batata-doce (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) é uma hortaliça tuberosa que tem atraído produtores e paisagistas devidos as suas características ornamentais de suas folhas e ramas. No entanto, a introdução das batatas-doces com finalidade ornamental é recente no mercado brasileiro. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o potencial ornamental de cinco genótipos de batata-doce (IAC104, IAC116, IAC401, IAC909 e IAC1024), por meio de caracterização morfológica, além de avaliar o efeito da densidade de plantas por vaso (1, 2 e 3 plantas por vaso) no desenvolvimento da parte aérea e das raízes tuberosas. Os genótipos IAC116, IAC401 e IAC909 demonstraram características de plantas eretas e compactas, enquanto IAC401 e IAC1024 foram classificadas como semieretas, sendo que apenas a IAC1024 apresentou ápice trepador. O aumento na densidade de plantas por vaso resultou em um aumento significativo tanto no número quanto na massa fresca das raízes tuberosas por vaso, contudo, não houve diferença significativa na massa fresca da parte aérea. Como resultado deste estudo, foram registradas junto ao Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA) as cinco primeiras cultivares de batata-doce ornamental do Brasil, denominadas ‘IAC Claudia’, ‘IAC Katherine’, ‘IAC Mara’, ‘IAC Mônica’ e ‘IAC Yoka’, com os números de registro 51087, 51090, 51091, 51092 e 51093, respectivamente.

Palavras-chave:
Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.; planta ornamental; planta envasada; floricultura; paisagismo

Descriptors		Grades	Descriptors		Grades	Descriptors		Grades
1.	Twining		9.	Mature leaf size		17.	Bud size
	Non-twining	0		Small (<8 cm)	3		Bud lenght	cm
	Slightly twining	3		Medium (8-15 cm)	5	18.	Shape of limb
	Moderately twining	5		Large (16-25 cm)	7		Semi-stellate	3
	Twining	7		Very large (>25 cm)	9		Pentagonal	5
	Very twining	9	10.	Abaxial leaf vein pigmentation			Rounded	7
2.	Plant type			Yellow	1	19.	Sepal color
	Erect (<75cm)	3		Green	2		Green	1
	Semi-erect (75-150 cm)	5		Purple spot in the base of main rib	3		Green with purple edge	2
	Spreading (151-250 cm)	7		Purple spots in several veins	4		Green with purple spots	3
	Extremely spreading (> 250 cm)	9		Main rib partially purple	5		Green with purple areas	5
3.	Predominant vine color			Main ribmostly or totally purple	6		Some sepals green, others purple	6
	Green	1		All veins partially purple	7		Totally pigmented - pale purple	7
	Green with few purple spots	3		All veins mostly or totally purple	8		Totally pigmented - dark purple	9
	Green with many purple spots	4		Lower surface and veins totally purple	9	20.	Predominant skin color of storage roots
	Green with many dark purple spots	5	11.	Mature leaf color			White	1
	Mostly purple	6		Yellow-green	1		Cream	2
	Mostly dark purple	7		Green	2		Yellow	3
	Totally purple	8		Green with purple edge	3		Orange	4
	Totally dark purple	9		Greyish-green (due to heavy pubescence)	4		Brownish orange	5
4.	Secondary vine color			Green with purple veins on upper surface	5		Pink	6
	Absent	0		Slightly purple	6		Red	7
	Green base	1		Mostly purple	7		Purple-red	8
	Green tip	2		Green upper, purple lower	8		Dark purple	9
	Green nodes	3		Purple both surfaces	9	21.	Intensity of predominant skin color
	Purple base	4	12.	Immature leaf color			Pale	1
	Purple tip	5		Yellow-green	1		Intermediate	2
	Purple nodes	6		Green	2		Dark	3
	Other	7		Green with purple edge	3	22.	Predominant flesh color of storage roots
5.	Mature leaf shape			Greyish-green (due to heavy pubescence)	4		White	1
	Rounded	1		Green with purple veins on upper surface	5		Cream	2
	Reniform (kidney-shaped)	2		Slightly purple	6		Dark cream	3
	Cordate (heart-shaped)	3		Mostly purple	7		Pale yellow	4
	Triangular	4		Green upper, purple lower	8		Dark yellow	5
	Hastate	5		Purple both surfaces	9		Pale orange	6
	Lobed	6	13.	Petiole pigmentation			Intermediate orange	7
	Almost divided	7		Green	1		Dark orange	8
6.	Leaf lobes type			Green with purple near stem	2		Strongly pigmented with anthocyanins	9
	No lateral lobes (entire)	0		Green with purple near leaf	3	23.	Secondary flesh color
	Very slight (teeth)	1		Green with purple at both ends	4		Absent	0
	Slightly twining	3		Green with purple spots throughout petiole	5		White	1
	Moderate	5		Green with purple stripes	6		Cream	2
	Deep	7		Purple with green near leaf	7		Yellow	3
	Very deep	9		Some petioles purple, others green	8		Orange	4
7.	Leaf lobe number			Totally or mostly purple	9		Pink	5
	One	1	14.	Flowering habit			Red	6
	Three	3		None	0		Purple-red	7
	Five	5		Sparse	3		Purple	8
	Seven	7		Moderate	5		Dark purple	9
	Nine	9		Profuse	7	24.	Distribution of secondary flesh color
8.	Shape of central leaf lobe		15.	Flower color			Absent	0
	Absent	0		White	1		Narrow ring in cortex	1
	Toothed	1		White limb with purple throat	2		Broad ring in cortex	2
	Triangular	2		White limb with pale purple ring and purple throat	3		Scattered spots in flesh	3
	Semi-circular	3		Pale purple limb with purple throat	4		Narrow ring in flesh	4
	Semi-elliptic	4		Purple	5		Broad ring in flesh	5
	Elliptic	5		Other (specify)	6		Ring and others areas in flesh	6
	Lanceolate	6	16.	Flower size			In longitudinal sections	7
	Oblanceolate	7		Flower lenght	cm		Covering most of the flesh	8
	Linear (broad)	8		Flower width	cm		Covering all flesh	9
	Linear (narrow)	9

	DENS	NR	FMR	FMAP
DENS	-	<0,01	0	0,72
NR	0,35	-	0,01	0,86
FMR	0,40	0,20	-	<0,01
FMAP	0,03	-0,01	-0,43	-

	Descriptors	Genotypes
	Descriptors	IAC104	IAC116	IAC401	IAC909	IAC1024
1.	Twining	Non-twining	Non-twining	Non-twining	Non-twining	Twining
2.	Plant type	Semierects (75-150 cm)	Erects (<75 cm)	Erects (<75 cm)	Erects (<75 cm)	Semierects (75-150 cm)
3.	Vine pigmentation	Green with many purple spots on upper surface	Green with few purple spots on upper surface	Mostly purple	Totally dark purple	Totally purple
4.	Secondary vine color	Absent	Absent	Absent	Absent	Green tip
5.	Mature leaf shape	Hastate	Cordate (heart-shaped)	Almost divided	Triangular	Lobed
6.	Leaf lobes type	Moderate	Very slight (teeth)	Very deep	Slight	Deep
7.	Leaf lobe number	3	1	5	3	5
8.	Shape of central leaf lobe	Semi-elliptic	Toothed	Lanceolate	Triangular	Elliptic
9.	Mature leaf size (cm)	10,17	10,68	12,66	12,43	10,04
10.	Immature leaf color	Green with purple edge	Green with purple edge	Mostly purple	Purple both surfaces	Green with purple edge
11.	Mature leaf color	Green	Green	Green	Green with purple veins on upper surface and totally purple on lower surface	Green with purple edge
12.	Abaxial leaf vein pigmentation	Green	Green	Green	Lower surface and veins totally purple	Purple spot in the base of main rib
13.	Petiole pigmentation	Green with purple near leaf	Green with purple near leaf	Green with purple near leaf	Totally or mostly purple	Totally or mostly purple
14.	Flowering habit	Sparse	Sparse	None	Sparse	Profuse
15.	Shape of limb of flower	Pentagonal	Semi-stellate	-	Rounded	Pentagonal
16.	Flower size	3,37	3,53	-	3,87	3,21
		3,25	3,43	-	3,67	3,45
17.	Bud size - lenght (cm)	2,63	2,68	-	3,13	2,48
18.	Flower color	White limb with purple throat	White limb with purple throat	-	Pale purple limb with purple throat	White limb with purple throat
19.	Sepal color	Green	Green	-	Totally pigmented - dark purple	Totally pigmented - dark purple
20.	Predominant skin color of storage roots	Cream	Pink	Red	Dark purple	Purple-red
21.	Intensity of predominant skin color	Intermediate	Pale	Intermediate	Dark	Dark
22.	Predominant flesh color of storage roots	Dark yellow	Pale yellow	Dark orange	Strongly pigmented with anthocyanins	Strongly pigmented with anthocyanins
23.	Secondary flesh color of storage roots	Absent	Absent	Absent	White	White
24.	Distribution of secondary flesh color	Absent	Absent	Absent	Narrow ring in cortex	Narrow ring in cortex

Sociedade Brasileira de Floricultura e Plantas Ornamentais Av. Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, 36570-000 - Viçosa, Minas Gerais - Brasil, (32) 3379-4983, Tel: (32) 3379-4983 - Viçosa - MG - Brazil
E-mail: editor.ornamentalhorticulture@gmail.com

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[1] * Correspondent author: monica.tamura@usp.br