Molecular and biochemical responses of horticultural plants and crops to heat stress

Masouleh, Seyedeh Somayyeh Shafiei; Sassine, Youssef Najib

doi:10.1590/2447-536X.v26i2.2134

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Review Article • Ornam. Hortic. 26 (2) • Apr-Jun 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2447-536X.v26i2.2134 copy

Molecular and biochemical responses of horticultural plants and crops to heat stress

Respostas bioquímicas e moleculares ao estresse por calor em culturas e plantas hortícolas

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Various abiotic stresses affect growth and development of plants and one of them that causes severely decreasing the horticultural and crop yields is the heat stress worldwide. In this paper, the effects of heat (more than 30-35 °C in different species) stress on the horticultural plants and crops, and its effects on inducing other stresses, including osmotic and oxidative stresses are discussed. Plants show the molecular and biochemical responses after receiving environmental signals such as high temperatures and tolerate undesirable conditions.

Keywords:
Abiotic stresses; abscisic acid; gene activation; high temperature

Species	Temperature range (ᵒC)	Plant responses	Reference
Tall fescue and Kentucky bluegrass	35/30 (day/night)	Ca²⁺ treatment enhanced antioxidant activities and decreased membrane lipid peroxidation, without osmotic adjustment.	Jiang and Huang (2001)JIANG, Y.; HUANG, B. Effects of calcium on antioxidant activities and water relations associated with heat tolerance in two cool season grasses. Journal of Experimental Botany , v.52, n.355, p.341-349, 2001. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jexbot/52.355.341 https://doi.org/10.1093/jexbot/52.355.34...
Syringa vulgaris	37	The highest H₂O₂ content and the lowest catalase activity	Jędrzejuk et al. (2016)JĘDRZEJUK, A.; ŁUKASZEWSKA, A.; RABIZA-ŚWIDER, J.; SKUTNIK, E. Low temperature forcing reduces oxidative stress in lilac flowers. Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology, v.57, n.6, p.625-632, 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13580-016-0141-6 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13580-016-0141-...
Dahlia pinnata Cav.	35/30 (day/night)	Increase in the malodialdehyde, proline and soluble protein in paclobutrazole treated Dahlia plants in high temperature stress, and decrease in their contents in return to normal temperature. Decrease in catalase activity at heat stress, and increase in normal condition. The activity of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase were kept rising the whole period.	Zhao et al. (2018)ZHAO, C.; GUAN, H.; YUAN, X.; LI, X.; GAO, L.; SHEN, C.; TAN, J. Effects of paclobutrazol on physiological parameters of dahlia under heat stress. Agricultural Biotechnology, v.7, n.5, p.67-70, 2018.
Miniature rose	36	After spraying with salicylic acid, increase in soluble protein content and superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities under high temperature stress.	Qin et al. (2018)QIN, Y.; ZHOU, Z.; LIU, H.; WANG, Y.; LAI, Y.; WANG, Y.; MAO, F.; ZHANG, L.; WANG, H.; ZHANG, G. Effects of exogenous salicylic acid on physiological indexes in miniature rose under high temperature stress. Journal of Southern Agriculture, v.49, n.10, p.2028-2033, 2018.
Calendula officinalis L. cultivars	35-42	Least membrane stability in sensitive cultivars	Nazdar et al. (2019)NAZDAR, T.; TEHRANIFAR, A.; NEZAMI, A.; NEMATI, H.; SAMIEI, L. Physiological and anatomical responses of calendula (Calendula officinalis L.) cultivars to heat-stress duration. The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, v.94, n.3, p.400-411, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.2018.1532324 https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.2018.15...
Festuca trachyphylla	38/33 (day/night)	Accumulating fatty acids, sterols and proteins in cell membranes of heat-tolerant germplasm	Wang et al. (2017)WANG, J.; JULIANI, H.R.; JESPERSEN, D.; HUANG, B. Differential profiles of membrane proteins, fatty acids, and sterols associated with genetic variations in heat tolerance for a perennial grass species, hard fescue (Festuca Trachyphylla). Environmental and Experimental Botany , v.140, p.65-75, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2017.05.014 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2017...
Creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) × colonial bentgrass (A. capilaris L.) hybrids	38/35 (day/night)	Regulation of leaf senescence in bentgrass exposed to high temperature conditions with membrane proteins (light harvesting, photochemical reactions of photosynthesis and ATP metabolism) and proteins involved in photo-respiratory and scavenging of reactive oxygen species.	Jespersen et al. (2015)JESPERSEN, D.; XU, C.; HUANG, B. Membrane proteins associated with heat-induced leaf senescence in a cool-season grass species. Crop Science, v.55, n. 2, p.837-850, 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2014.04.0335 https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2014.04.0...
Paeonia suffruticosa	35-37	The genes of heat shock protein can enhance stress-tolerance in peony trees.	Zhang et al. (2015)ZHANG, Y.Z.; CHENG, Y.W.; YA, H.Y.; HAN, J.M.; ZHENG, L. Identification of heat shock proteins via transcriptome profiling of tree peony leaf exposed to high temperature. Genetics and Molecular Research, v.14, n.3, p.8431-8442, 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4238/2015.July.28.10 https://doi.org/10.4238/2015.July.28.10...
Calophyllum longifolium and Ficus insipida	44-54	Reducing F_v/F_m in critical temperature, T₅₀ and enhancing heat tolerance.	Krause et al. (2015)KRAUSE, G.H.; WINTER, K.; KRAUSE, B.; VIRGO, A. Light-stimulated heat tolerance in leaves of two neotropical tree species, Ficus insipida and Calophyllum longifolium. Functional Plant Biology, v.42, n. 1, p.42-51, 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1071/FP14095 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP14095...
Potentilla fruticosa L.	42	Destroying cell membrane and structure of chloroplasts, especially the thylakoids, identifying 35 up-regulated and 23 down-regulated proteins under high temperature stress	Guo et al. (2017)GUO, Y.; WANG, Z.; GUAN, X.; HU, Z.; ZHANG, Z.; ZHENG, J.; LU, Y. Proteomic analysis of Potentilla fruticosa L. leaves by iTRAQ reveals responses to heat stress. PloS One, v.12, n. 8, p.e0182917, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0182917 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.018...
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)	32/26 (day/ night)	Decrease in fruit set, pollen grain and increase in night respiration in different cultivars and germination of pollen grains	Sato et al. (2000)SATO, S.; PEET, M.M.; THOMAS, J.F. Physiological factors limit fruit set of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) under chronic, mild heat stress. Plant, Cell & Environment , v.23, n.7, p.719-726, 2000. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.2000.00589.x https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.2000...

Species	Increased processes/compounds	Decreased processes/compounds	References
Moth bean (Vigna aconitifolia)	An increase in the three antioxidant enzymes (GPOX, SOD and CAT) along with osmo-protectants of proline and sugars.	-	Harsh et al. (2016)
Tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum)	Electrolyte leakage, expression of Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) gene family (HMW-HSP, HSP74.8, LMW-HSP, HSC70)	POD, CAT and SOD activities, Root activity, Chlorophyll content, Fv/Fm	Hu et al. (2016)HU, L.; ZHANG, Z.; XIANG, Z.; YANG, Z. Exogenous application of citric acid ameliorates the adverse effect of heat stress in tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum). Frontiers in Plant Science , v.7, p.179, 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.00179 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.00179...
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus)	Higher accumulations of osmolytes, i.e., proline, glycine betaine and soluble sugars both in leaves and roots	Antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, CAT, APX, GPX and GTR) activities	Balal et al. (2016)BALAL, R.M.; SHAHID, M.A.; JAVAID, M.M.; IQBAL, Z.; ANJUM, M.A.; GARCIA-SANCHEZ, F.; MATTSON, N.S. The role of selenium in amelioration of heat-induced oxidative damage in cucumber under high temperature stress. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, v.38, n.6, p.158, 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-016-2174-y https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-016-2174-...
Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)	Ion leakage, H₂O₂ content, malodialdehyde content (lipid peroxidation)	Fv/Fm (chlorophyll florescence)	Soliman et al. (2010)
Lilium longiflorum	Relative electrolyte leakage (%) and malondialdehyde, O₂^●– and H₂O₂	Ascorbic acid and glutathione (GSH), activities of SOD, CAT, APX and GR	Yin et al. (2008)
Brassica oleracea	Glutathione content in 32 °C compared to 20 °C; dry weight loss in 32 °C compared to 12 °C	Activities of CAD, SOD, GR enzymes in 20 °C more than 30 °C compared to 12 °C, Glutathione content in 20 °C compared to 12 °C	Soengas et al. (2018)SOENGAS, P.; RODRÍGUEZ, V.M.; VELASCO, P.; CARTEA, M.E. Effect of temperature stress on antioxidant defenses in Brassica oleracea. ACS Omega, v.3, n.5, p.5237-5243, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.8b00242 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.8b00242...

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[1] *Corresponding author: shafiee.masouleh@areeo.ac.ir; shafyii@gmail.com