Table 1
: Matrix of programmatic and relational dimensions, applied to domestic and external public opinion, with examples of typical questions
Table 2
: “In your opinion, which region of the world should Brazil pay more attention to?” (%)
Table 3
: “Who is the greatest threat to Turkey’s security?” (ranking, USAK and KHU)
Table 4
: Favorable views of Turkey in MENA countries (%, 2009-2013)
Table 5
: Views on Turkey’s regional role (%, regional averages, 2009-2013)
Table 6
: “Do you believe these countries had a positive impact on the Arab Spring?” (regional average %, 2011-2013)
Table 7
: South Africa’s priority partnerships (%)
Table 8
: Perceptions of influential countries in South Africa (%, Afrobarometer 2008, 2016)
Table 9
: Summary of the main trends in (a) domestic and (b) external public opinion on the (i) programmatic and (ii) relational dimensions
SOUTH AFRICA and AFRICA
Reference
Type
Scope
Period
Obs
Nel (1999)
Article
South Africa
Jun 1997 - Mar 1998
Levels: elite and mass
Westhuizen and Smith (2015)
Article
South Africa
2013
Level: mass
HRSC
Policy briefs
South Africa
2015, 2017
Level: mass
Afrobarometer
Data base
12-36 countries
7 waves since 1999
Waves 4 and 6 contain more specific questions about IR
BRAZIL and LATIN AMERICA
Reference
Type
Scope
Period
Obs
“A Agenda Internacional do Brasil: um Estudo sobre a Comunidade Brasileira de Política Externa”; “A Agenda Internacional do Brasil: a Política Externa de FHC a Lula” ( Souza, 2001 , 2008)
Books
Brazil
2001, 2007
Level: elite
The Americas and the World
Data base
Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru, and Uruguay
Variable, according to country. Typically, 2010 onwards.
Level: mass and, for some countries, elites
Latinobarómetro
Data base
19 Latin American countries, plus Spain
1995-2020
Level: mass
Proyecto Elites Latinoamericanas
Data base
18 Latin American countries
Variable, according to country. Typically, 1995 - late 2010s
Level: elites (members of congress). Some items on foreign policy and evaluation of foreign leaders.
Brazilian Legislative Survey (Power; Zucco, 2014)
Data base
Brazil (Members of Congress)
1990-2017
The BLS consists of a wave of 8 surveys conducted with members of congress. Every legislature since redemocratization was interviewed: 1990, 1993, 1997, 2001, 2005, 2009, 2013, and 2017. Questions on foreign policy were only introduced starting in 2009.
TURKEY and the MENA
Reference
Type
Scope
Period
Obs
Arab Barometer
Data base
14 countries
2007-2021
Level: mass. Turkey not surveyed, but there are occasional items on its foreign policy.
USAK
Books
Turkey
2004, 2005, 2006, 2009
Level: mass
GMF
Survey report
Several
2003 on (Transatlantic Trends), 2015 (Turkish Perceptions)
Level: mass
KHU
Survey report
Turkey
2013, 2015-2019
Level: mass
TESEV
Survey report
Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Iraq, Iran, Tunisia, Gulf countries, Yemen, Libya
2009-2013
Level: mass
“The World Through Arab Eyes” ( Telhami, 2013 )
Book
Mainly Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, UAE (for some items USA, Israel, and Palestine)
2003-2006, 2008-2012
Level: mass
“The Tumultuous Decade: Arab Public Opinion and the Upheavals of 2010-2019” ( Zogby, 2019 )
Book
Arab countries, for some items Turkey and Iran
2010-2018
Level: mass