Cultural Regulation, Geographical Indication and the (re) Signification of an Artisanal Cheese

Almeida, Simone de Lira; Paiva Júnior, Fernando Gomes; Guerra, José Roberto Ferreira; Medeiros, Janann Joslin

doi:10.1590/1984-92302021v28n9708EN

Simone de Lira Almeida

Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0574-6237

Fernando Gomes Paiva Júnior

Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5715-3882

José Roberto Ferreira Guerra

Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4286-9631

Janann Joslin Medeiros

Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil

Authorship

Simone de Lira Almeida

PhD in Business Administration from the Federal University of Pernambuco. E-mail: simone.almeida@ufpe.br

Fernando Gomes Paiva Júnior

PhD in Business Administration from the Federal University of Minas Gerais. Email: fernando.paivajr@ufpe.br

José Roberto Ferreira Guerra

PhD in Business Administration from the Federal University of Pernambuco. E-mail: jose.guerra@ufpe.br

Janann Joslin Medeiros

PhD in Public Administration from the University of Southern California. Email: janmedeiros@gmail.com

Conflict of interests

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Authors’ contributions

First author: conceptualization (lead), data curation (lead), formal analysis (lead), investigation (lead), methodology (equal), project administration (equal), validation (equal), visualization (equal), writing-original draft (lead), writing-review & editing (equal).

Second author: conceptualization (supporting), data curation (supporting), formal analysis (equal, lead, supporting), methodology (supporting), project administration (equal), validation (supporting), visualization (equal), writing-original draft (supporting), writing-review & editing (supporting).

Third author: project administration (supporting), validation (supporting), visualization (equal), writing-original draft (supporting), writing-review & editing (equal).

Fourth author: formal analysis (supporting), methodology (supporting), validation (supporting), visualization (equal), writing-review & editing (equal).

		Who regulates?
		Government	Private sector
How to regulate?	Command and control	State regulation involving commands backed by sanctions	Private (self) regulation
How to regulate?	Alternatives	Use of market incentives, self-control and other approaches based on audit and management	Markets and societal norms

Dimension	Categories	Settings
Subjective (Abstract)	Meanings and ideas referenced	Subjective, socio-cultural and political aspects responsible for the construction of meanings shared by the regulatory institutions.
Subjective (Abstract)	Lived cultures	Contextual aspects that facilitate the creation and establishment of standards and regulations that impact on production.
Objective (Concrete)	Organization of work	Manner in which groups organize themselves and articulate the creation of regulatory mechanisms.
	Technical infrastructure	Material conditions related to the regulation of cultural artifacts.
	Social relationships of regulation	Regulatory agents that interact with the artisanal producers of symbolic goods.

Dimension	Category	Public		Private
Dimension	Category	Federal Regulation	State Regulation	CQP Regulation
Subjective (Abstract)	Meanings and ideas referenced (Micro perspective)	Artisanal rennet cheeses made with raw milk considered unfit for human consumption Rennet cheese made from pasteurized milk as synonym for product quality · Rennet cheese recognized as equal in quality to other varieties of national cheeses	Artisanal rennet cheeses fit for human consumption in the state market when certified by ADAGRO Artisanal rennet cheese classified as inferior in quality due to the nomenclature “type B”	Artisanal rennet cheeses fit for human consumption in the state market when certified by ADAGRO Artisanal rennet cheese as superior in quality when from a CQP producer
Subjective (Abstract)	Lived Cultures (Macro perspective)	Artisanal product associated with irregular merchandise Attribution of greater value to national than to foreign culture	Product quality guaranteed by the presence of SIE Cheese made with raw milk recognized solely in the market of Pernambuco state		Product with quality guaranteed by the recognition of Geographical Indication Cheese made with raw milk recognized by the international market since it has the GI seal
Objective (Concrete)	Organization of work	Artisanal production understood as illegitimate	Artisanal production understood as legitimate when formally established as a business firm		Artisanal production understood as legitimate and differentiated when carried out in accordance with the Usage Regulation of the CQP
	Technical infrastructure	Deficient and dangerous to consumer health	Appropriate when aligned with state regulations		Appropriate when aligned with state regulations and the CQP Usage Regulation registered with the INPI.
	Social relationships of regulation	Artisanal product unacceptable to the government Distrust between the government and artisanal producers	External regulation adapted to the reality of artisanal producers Distrust of informal producers		Increased dialogue with public agents Greater capability of artisanal producers to negotiate with the government Internal regulation established between CQP and artisanal producers that want the GI label

	Government regulation	CQP usage regulation
Origin of standards	State and federal governments	Group of producers that make up the association
Mandatory for whom	Required for all artisanal cheese producers registered in ADAGRO	Mandatory for producers of milk and cheese that are members of CQP
Standards to be met	Health legislation Labor laws Environmental laws Production standards	Usage Regulation established by CQP producers and registered with the INPI
Responsibility for Control	Government agencies	Internal control (CQP Regulatory Council) and / or external certifying agency
Consumer Information	S.I.E stamp	GI Seal

[1] Authorship

Simone de Lira Almeida

PhD in Business Administration from the Federal University of Pernambuco. E-mail: simone.almeida@ufpe.br

Fernando Gomes Paiva Júnior

PhD in Business Administration from the Federal University of Minas Gerais. Email: fernando.paivajr@ufpe.br

José Roberto Ferreira Guerra

PhD in Business Administration from the Federal University of Pernambuco. E-mail: jose.guerra@ufpe.br

Janann Joslin Medeiros

PhD in Public Administration from the University of Southern California. Email: janmedeiros@gmail.com

Brasil

Brasil

Cultural Regulation, Geographical Indication and the (re) Signification of an Artisanal Cheese

Abstract