Management in devloping countries in general and in Africa in particular is at the crossroads. Its evolution and future must take into account two fundamental requirements, one relating to modernity, the other in relating to tradition. This article describes firstly the industrial and Western inspired management. Secondly, it presents some specific aspects of proposes tradition an cultural based management. Finally, it proposes in order to go beyond this double vision of management in order to build in Africa a new and authentic model which reconciles both the productive efficiency of the organisation and the psycho-affective aspiration of individuals.