Preferential Attachment and Fitness in the Evolution of the Brazilian Film Network

Abstract

This study analyzes the network evolution, specifically that of the Brazilian film network. It examines two generative mechanisms that lie behind the network evolution: preferential attachment and fitness. The starting point is that preferential attachment and fitness may compete to shape the network evolution. We built a novel dataset with 974 Brazilian feature films released between 1995 and 2017 and used PAFit, a brand-new statistical method, to estimate the joint effects of preferential attachment and fitness on the evolution of the Brazilian film network. This study concludes that the network evolution is shaped by both preferential attachment and fitness. However, in the presence of fitness, the effects of preferential attachment on the network evolution become weaker. This means that the node ability to form ties in the Brazilian film network is mainly explained by its fitness. Besides, the preferential attachment assumes a sub-linear form. Costs, communication and managerial capabilities, and node age explain why nodes are unable to accumulate ties at rates proportional to their degree. Finally, preferential attachment and fitness manifest themselves heterogeneously, depending on either the type or the duration of the network. Preferential attachment drives the cast network evolution, whereas fitness is the main generative mechanism of the crew network. Actors and actresses rely on their status, privilege, and power to obtain future contracts (preferential attachment), whereas technical members are selected on the basis of their talent, skills, and knowledge (fitness). Due to node age or exit, preferential attachment becomes stronger in shorter networks.

network evolution; preferential attachment; fitness; Brazilian film production industry