Performance of the AquaCrop model for the wheat crop in the subtropical zone in Southern Brazil

Rosa, Stefanie Lais Kreutz; Souza, Jorge Luiz Moretti de; Tsukahara, Rodrigo Yoiti

doi:10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2020.v55.01238

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AGROMETEOROLOGY • Pesq. agropec. bras. 55 • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2020.v55.01238 copy

Performance of the AquaCrop model for the wheat crop in the subtropical zone in Southern Brazil

Desempenho do modelo AquaCrop para a cultura do trigo na zona subtropical no Sul do Brasil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract:

The objective of this work was to calibrate and validate the AquaCrop model for the wheat (Triticum aestivum) crop in the Campos Gerais region, in Southern Brazil. Five cultivars were evaluated in the harvests from 2007 to 2017. The input data for AquaCrop - related to climate, crop, soil, and soil management -, collected in the field, were obtained from the database of Fundação ABC and from the literature. From 35 to 43% of total harvests were selected for calibration, and the remaining, for validation. Calibration was performed for the parameters most sensitive to crop potential yield penalty. The simulated yields were compared with those observed in the field through simple linear regression analysis, root mean square error (RMSE), Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r), the index of agreement (d), and the performance index (c). Calibration showed good results (RMSE ≤ 609.78 kg ha^-1; r ≥ 0.72; d ≥ 0.80) for all assessed cultivars and locations, but validation did not have the same performance (c ≤ 0.46). The attempted adjustment, considering the range of calibrated parameters in the harvests, indicated “very good” and “excellent” performances (Supera and Quartzo, respectively) for the cultivars in Castro and “tolerable” to “excellent” in Ponta Grossa.

Index terms:
Triticum aestivum; crop yield; mathematical modeling

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[1] *Corresponding author: skreutzrosa@gmail.com

Location (Brazilian municipality)	Soil layer (m)	Soil texture	Soil water content (m³ m^-3)⁽¹⁾			K_sat⁽²⁾ (mm per day)
Location (Brazilian municipality)	Soil layer (m)	Soil texture	θ_PWP	θ_FC	θ_Sat	K_sat⁽²⁾ (mm per day)
Castro	0.00-0.10	Clay	0.36	0.50	0.63	418.32
Castro	0.10-0.25	Clay	0.33	0.47	0.60	368.23
Castro	0.25-0.40	Clay	0.32	0.45	0.62	325.74
Ponta Grossa	0.00-0.10	Clay	0.23	0.41	0.59	469.41
Ponta Grossa	0.10-0.25	Clay	0.25	0.38	0.53	89.48
Ponta Grossa	0.25-0.40	Clay	0.23	0.41	0.62	433.84

Location	Cultivar	Harvest	Planting date	Harvesting date	Grain yield (kg ha^-1)	Finality
Castro	Supera	6	06/15 (early) 07/12 (later)	10/24 (early) 11/26 (later)	4,186 (lower) 5,187 (higher)	Calibration
Castro	Quartzo	8	06/05 (early) 07/16 (later)	11/11 (early) 12/03 (later)	3,903 (lower) 4,818 (higher)	Calibration
Ponta Grossa	Supera	5	06/04 (early) 07/17 (later)	10/09 (early) 11/14 (later)	3,886 (lower) 5,299 (higher)	Calibration
	Quartzo	10	05/25 (early) 07/17 (later)	10/16 (early) 11/20 (later)	3,604 (lower) 4,909 (higher)	Calibration
	TBIO Tibagi	3	06/11 (early) 07/17 (later)	10/27 (early) 11/14 (later)	4,001 (lower) 4,686 (higher)	Calibration
	TBIO Sinuelo	7	05/25 (early) 07/10 (later)	10/16 (early) 11/28 (later)	4,006 (lower) 5,432 (higher)	Calibration
	TBIO Toruk	3	05/12 (early) 06/03 (later)	10/05 (early) 10/16 (later)	3,354 (lower) 5,542 (higher)	Calibration
Castro	Supera	10	05/31 (early) 07/17 (later)	10/24 (early) 11/26 (later)	2,043 (lower) 5,880 (higher)	Validation
Castro	Quartzo	15	05/31 (early) 07/16 (later)	10/30 (early) 12/01 (later)	3,104 (lower) 6,206 (higher)	Validation
Ponta Grossa	Supera	8	06/06 (early) 07/10 (later)	10/22 (early) 11/11 (later)	2,293 (lower) 5,968 (higher)	Validation
	Quartzo	19	05/12 (early) 07/22 (later)	10/05 (early) 11/26 (later)	1,631 (lower) 6,360 (higher)	Validation
	TBIO Tibagi	5	06/04 (early) 07/10 (later)	10/09 (early) 11/08 (later)	3,367 (lower) 6,010 (higher)	Validation
	TBIO Sinuelo	13	05/12 (early) 07/22 (later)	10/05 (early) 11/18 (later)	2,891 (lower) 6,100 (higher)	Validation
	TBIO Toruk	4	06/03 (early) 07/22 (later)	10/16 (early) 11/18 (later)	3,506 (lower) 4,492 (higher)	Validation

Parameter	Cultivar
Parameter	Supera	Quartzo	TBIO Sinuelo	TBIO Tibagi	TBIO Toruk
	Castro
CC_x (%)⁽¹⁾	93⁽⁶⁾ (80 to 92)⁽⁷⁾	89⁽⁶⁾ (86 to 93)⁽⁷⁾	-	-	-
Kc_TR,x (unitless)⁽²⁾	1.37⁽⁶⁾ (1.05 to 1.4)⁽⁷⁾	1.3⁽⁶⁾ (1.25 to 1.35)⁽⁷⁾	-	-	-
WP (g m^-2)⁽³⁾	18⁽⁶⁾ (16 to 20)⁽⁷⁾	17⁽⁶⁾ (17 to 19)⁽⁷⁾	-	-	-
HI_o (%)⁽⁴⁾	62⁽⁶⁾ (46 to 70)⁽⁷⁾	56⁽⁶⁾ (48 to 65)⁽⁷⁾	-	-	-
CDC (% per day)⁽⁵⁾	7.6⁽⁶⁾ (7.2 to 8.4)⁽⁷⁾	7.7⁽⁶⁾ (7.1 to 8.3)⁽⁷⁾	-	-	-
	Ponta Grossa
CC_x (%)⁽¹⁾	90⁽⁶⁾ (83 to 89)⁽⁷⁾	89⁽⁶⁾ (76 to 92)⁽⁷⁾	90⁽⁶⁾ (82 to 90)⁽⁷⁾	90⁽⁶⁾ (90 to 92)⁽⁷⁾	89⁽⁶⁾ (82 to 89)⁽⁷⁾
Kc_TR,x (unitless)⁽²⁾	1.3⁽⁶⁾ (1.0 to 1.35)⁽⁷⁾	1.25⁽⁶⁾ (0.95 to 1.3)⁽⁷⁾	1.25⁽⁶⁾ (0.95 to 1.4)⁽⁷⁾	1.25⁽⁶⁾ (1.2 to 1.35)⁽⁷⁾	1.35⁽⁶⁾ (1.05 to 1.4)⁽⁷⁾
WP (g m^-2)⁽³⁾	18⁽⁶⁾ (16 to 19)⁽⁷⁾	17⁽⁶⁾ (14 to 19)⁽⁷⁾	17⁽⁶⁾ (15 to 19)⁽⁷⁾	17⁽⁶⁾ (16 to 19)⁽⁷⁾	19⁽⁶⁾ (15 to 19)⁽⁷⁾
HI_o (%)⁽⁴⁾	56⁽⁶⁾ (45 to 49)⁽⁷⁾	55⁽⁶⁾ (35 to 64)⁽⁷⁾	56⁽⁶⁾ (44 to 58)⁽⁷⁾	58⁽⁶⁾ (51 to 63)⁽⁷⁾	57⁽⁶⁾ (46 to 57)⁽⁷⁾
Minimum growing degree required for biomass production (°C per day)⁽⁶⁾	13.8⁽⁶⁾ (13.9 to 15)⁽⁷⁾	16⁽⁶⁾ (12.1 to 16)⁽⁷⁾	14.9⁽⁶⁾ (14.6 to 15.2)⁽⁷⁾	15.5⁽⁶⁾ (14.7 to 15.5)⁽⁷⁾	15.2⁽⁶⁾ (15.1 to 15.2)⁽⁷⁾

Location	Cultivar	AE (kg ha^-1)	RE (%)	RMSE (kg ha^-1)	r	d	c	Performance
Location	Cultivar	AE (kg ha^-1)	RE (%)	RMSE (kg ha^-1)	----------------- unitless -----------------			Performance
Calibration process
Castro	Supera	233.41	4.68	329.78	0.85	0.87	-	-
Castro	Quartzo	178.18	4.03	188.67	0.82	0.88	-	-
Ponta Grossa	Supera	180.76	3.67	241.14	0.91	0.94	-	-
	Quartzo	256.51	6.41	330.26	0.92	0.88	-	-
	TBIO Toruk	562.63	11.39	609.78	0.90	0.90	-	-
	TBIO Tibagi	148.32	3.33	150.40	0.90	0.93	-	-
	TBIO Sinuelo	377.18	7.86	484.85	0.72	0.80	-	-
Validation process
Castro	Supera	1,737.95	31.40	2,159.21	0.40	0.34	0.13	Terrible
Castro	Quartzo	1,209.25	32.85	1,327.72	0.11	0.36	0.04	Terrible
Ponta Grossa	Supera	1,133.59	24.94	1,266.52	0.69	0.67	0.46	Bad
	Quartzo	1,547.37	48.88	1,784.33	0.07	0.31	0.02	Terrible
	TBIO Toruk	2,563.40	138.85	2,680.50	0.06	0.18	0.01	Terrible
	TBIO Tibagi	1,031.64	23.63	1,090.81	0.04	0.47	0.02	Terrible
	TBIO Sinuelo	1,641.61	60.56	1,814.87	0.05	0.35	0.02	Terrible
Verification of calibration range
Castro	Supera	137.88	4.05	426.52	0.94	0.95	0.89	Excellent
Castro	Quartzo	158.26	3.68	378.07	0.87	0.92	0.80	Very good
Ponta Grossa	Supera	36.62	0.69	93.45	1.00	1.00	1.00	Excellent
	Quartzo	95.10	4.48	336.67	0.96	0.98	0.93	Excellent
	TBIO Toruk	675.17	42.61	1219.86	0.81	0.69	0.56	Tolerable
	TBIO Tibagi	4.75	0.10	5.76	1.00	1.00	1.00	Excellent
	TBIO Sinuelo	217.06	10.48	588.43	0.87	0.88	0.77	Very good
Castro	All cultivars	150.11	3.83	398.16	0.91	0.95	0.86	Excellent
Ponta Grossa	All cultivars	156.04	8.12	508.64	0.90	0.94	0.85	Very good