Genetic parameters of traits at the juvenile stage of different assai palm tree progenies

The objective of this work was to estimate genetic parameters of traits at the juvenile stage of different assai palm (Euterpe oleracea) tree progenies, as well as to select among and within the most promising for fruit production. A total of 34 half-sib and 16 full-sib progenies were evaluated in a completely randomized design with eight replicates and one plant per plot. Nine traits were measured in five harvests, and the data were analyzed using the mixed model approach. The genetic variance was significant for most of the traits. Progeny-mean heritabilities showed moderate magnitudes, ranging from 51% for number of dead leaves to 59% for leaf sheath length. In general, the genetic correlations were positive and had magnitudes varying from moderate to very high. The genetic gains were more expressive for the traits plant height, leaf sheath length, and girth circumference. The full-sib progenies P33, P37, and P42 are promising for fruit production.

Index terms:
Euterpe oleracea; full-sib; genetic correlation; half-sib; heritability; mixed models; selection gain

Authorship

Patricia Cardoso Andrade Navegantes

Universidade Federal de Lavras, Avenida Doutor Sylvio Menicucci, no 1.001, Caixa Postal 3037, CEP 37200-000 Lavras, MG, Brazil. E-mail: engpatricia26@gmail.com, jarnunes@dbi.ufla.brUniversidade Federal de LavrasBrazilLavras, MG, BrazilUniversidade Federal de Lavras, Avenida Doutor Sylvio Menicucci, no 1.001, Caixa Postal 3037, CEP 37200-000 Lavras, MG, Brazil. E-mail: engpatricia26@gmail.com, jarnunes@dbi.ufla.br

Maria do Socorro Padilha de Oliveira

Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Travessa Dr. Enéas Pinheiro, s/no, Marco, Caixa Postal 48, CEP 66095-903 Belém, PA, Brazil. E-mail: socorro-padilha.oliveira@embrapa.brEmbrapa Amazônia OrientalBrazilBelém, PA, BrazilEmbrapa Amazônia Oriental, Travessa Dr. Enéas Pinheiro, s/no, Marco, Caixa Postal 48, CEP 66095-903 Belém, PA, Brazil. E-mail: socorro-padilha.oliveira@embrapa.br

José Airton Rodrigues Nunes

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures | Tables | Formulas

Figures (5)
Tables (2)
Formulas (1)

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Figure 1.
Prediction interval of the genetic values for full-sib progenies of assai palm (Euterpe oleracea) obtained based on the traits: A, number of emerged leaves (NEL); B, leaf sheath length (LSL); and C, plant height (PH).

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Figure 2.
Number of plants from the best full-sib progenies of assai palm (Euterpe oleracea) for the juvenile traits: A, number of leaves (NL); B, number of emerged leaves (NEL); C, number of dead leaves (NDL); D, total leaf length (TLL); E, leaf sheath length (LSL); F, girth circumference (GC); G, plant height (PH); and H, number of leaflet pairs (NLP), in five measurements.

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Figure 3.
Selection gain estimates of the best individuals of full-sib progenies of assai palm (Euterpe oleracea) evaluated in five measurements, assuming 10 and 20% selection intensities, for the traits: NL, number of leaves; NEL, number of emerged leaves; NDL, number of dead leaves; TLL, total leaf length; LSL, leaf sheath length; PH, plant height; GC, girth circumference; and NLP, number of leaflet pairs.

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Figure 4.
Polygon with scores of full-sib progenies of assai palm (Euterpe oleracea) and of the traits: NDL, number of dead leaves; TLL, total leaf length; LSL, leaf sheath length; PH, plant height; NLP, number of leaflet pairs; GC, girth circumference; NL, number of leaves; and NEL, number of emerged leaves.

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Figure 5.
Graphical representation of genetic values for juvenile traits of the ten best individuals of full-sib progenies of assai palm (Euterpe oleracea) evaluated in five measurements, based on the method of independent elimination levels, considering the traits number of leaves, leaf sheath length, and girth circumference. NL, number of leaves; NLP, number of leaflet pairs; GC, girth circumference; PH, plant height; LSL, leaf sheath length; TLL, total leaf length; NDL, number of dead leaves; and NEL, number of emerged leaves.

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Table 1.
Estimates of genetic variance among half-sib (HSP) (σ_g²) and full-sib (FSP) (σ_g’²) progenies of assai palm (Euterpe oleracea); variance of the HSP x measurements (σ_u²) and FSP x measurements (σ_v²) interactions; heritabilities in the means of progenies (h²_g and h²_g'); estimates of genetic correlations among progenies across the measurements (r_gmHS and r_gmFS); phenotypic means of HSP (ȳ_HS), of FSP (ȳ_FS), of the BRS Pará cultivar (ȳ_{BRS Pará}), of the open-pollination progeny of Euterpe precatoria (ȳ₅₁); and accuracy in the mean of HSP (r_g̃gHS) and of FSP (r_g̃’g’FS) for nine juvenile traits evaluated in five measurements⁽¹⁾.

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Table 2.
Estimates of genetic correlations between juvenile traits obtained from the evaluation of full-sib progenies of assai palm (Euterpe oleracea) in five measurements⁽¹⁾.

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Figure 1. Prediction interval of the genetic values for full-sib progenies of assai palm (Euterpe oleracea) obtained based on the traits: A, number of emerged leaves (NEL); B, leaf sheath length (LSL); and C, plant height (PH).

Figure 2. Number of plants from the best full-sib progenies of assai palm (Euterpe oleracea) for the juvenile traits: A, number of leaves (NL); B, number of emerged leaves (NEL); C, number of dead leaves (NDL); D, total leaf length (TLL); E, leaf sheath length (LSL); F, girth circumference (GC); G, plant height (PH); and H, number of leaflet pairs (NLP), in five measurements.

Figure 3. Selection gain estimates of the best individuals of full-sib progenies of assai palm (Euterpe oleracea) evaluated in five measurements, assuming 10 and 20% selection intensities, for the traits: NL, number of leaves; NEL, number of emerged leaves; NDL, number of dead leaves; TLL, total leaf length; LSL, leaf sheath length; PH, plant height; GC, girth circumference; and NLP, number of leaflet pairs.

Figure 4. Polygon with scores of full-sib progenies of assai palm (Euterpe oleracea) and of the traits: NDL, number of dead leaves; TLL, total leaf length; LSL, leaf sheath length; PH, plant height; NLP, number of leaflet pairs; GC, girth circumference; NL, number of leaves; and NEL, number of emerged leaves.

Figure 5. Graphical representation of genetic values for juvenile traits of the ten best individuals of full-sib progenies of assai palm (Euterpe oleracea) evaluated in five measurements, based on the method of independent elimination levels, considering the traits number of leaves, leaf sheath length, and girth circumference. NL, number of leaves; NLP, number of leaflet pairs; GC, girth circumference; PH, plant height; LSL, leaf sheath length; TLL, total leaf length; NDL, number of dead leaves; and NEL, number of emerged leaves.

Table 1. Estimates of genetic variance among half-sib (HSP) (σ_g²) and full-sib (FSP) (σ_g’²) progenies of assai palm (Euterpe oleracea); variance of the HSP x measurements (σ_u²) and FSP x measurements (σ_v²) interactions; heritabilities in the means of progenies (h²_g and h²_g'); estimates of genetic correlations among progenies across the measurements (r_gmHS and r_gmFS); phenotypic means of HSP (ȳ_HS), of FSP (ȳ_FS), of the BRS Pará cultivar (ȳ_{BRS Pará}), of the open-pollination progeny of Euterpe precatoria (ȳ₅₁); and accuracy in the mean of HSP (r_g̃gHS) and of FSP (r_g̃’g’FS) for nine juvenile traits evaluated in five measurements⁽¹⁾.

Parameter	NL	NEL	NDL	TLL	LSL	PH	GC	NLP	NT
σ_g²	0.0296	0.0000	0.0510	0.0000	5.5024	5.8807	0.0615	1.2328	0.0619
σ_g’²	0.5315*	0.1744*	0.0671*	91.7788*	57.1202*	95.6260*	5.6347*	5.9214*	0.0443
σ_u²	0.0000	0.0240	0.0083	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.2997	0.0000	0.0435
σ_v²	0.0000	0.0233	0.0000	0.0000	12.1230*	31.3509*	1.1315*	1.0328*	0.0000
h²_g	0.0350	0.0160	0.3851	0.0289	0.0576	0.0275	0.0205	0.0655	0.2516
h²_g'	0.6437	0.6112	0.5072	0.5581	0.6882	0.6341	0.6056	0.5516	0.1776
r_gmHS	0.4763	0.0988	0.7501	0.7142	0.4421	0.3514	0.6101	0.3114	0.8233
r_gmFS	0.9852	0.9323	0.9015	0.9784	0.8196	0.7926	0.8734	0.7756	0.9155
ȳ_HS	6.05	3.23	2.19^#	96.99	35.37^#	46.51	14.52	26.52	1.43
ȳ_FS	6.30	3.30	2.34^#	107.67^#	43.63^#	56.37^#	16.00^#	28.32^#	1.65
ȳ_{BRS Pará}	5.04	2.72	1.44	79.80	23.44	31.96	10.76	22.36	0.96
ȳ₅₁	6.20	3.46	1.99	104.51	33.45	42.79	15.52	28.89	1.40
r_g̃gHS	0.19	0.13	0.62	0.17	0.24	0.17	0.14	0.26	0.50
r_g̃’g’FS	0.80	0.78	0.71	0.75	0.83	0.80	0.78	0.74	0.42

⁽¹⁾NL, number of leaves (unit); NEL, number of emerged leaves (unit); NDL, number of dead leaves (unit); TLL, total leaf length (cm); LSL, leaf sheath length (cm); PH, plant height (cm); GC, girth circumference (cm); NLP, number of leaflet pairs (unit); and NT, number of tillers (unit). *Significant by the likelihood ratio test (LRT), χ²_(0.05;1) = 3.84. ^#Significant contrast between the progenies studied and the BRS Pará cultivar.

Table 2. Estimates of genetic correlations between juvenile traits obtained from the evaluation of full-sib progenies of assai palm (Euterpe oleracea) in five measurements⁽¹⁾.

Trait	NEL	NDL	TLL	LSL	PH	GC	NLP
NL	0.92*	0.77	0.89*	0.86*	0.91*	0.94*	0.95*
NEL	1	0.60	0.75	0.79	0.81	0.86*	0.86*
NDL		1	0.65	0.73	0.71	0.69	0.79
TLL			1	0.88*	0.94*	0.94*	0.90*
LSL				1	0.97*	0.92*	0.85*
PH					1	0.97*	0.90*
GC						1	0.94*
NLP							1

⁽¹⁾NL, number of leaves (unit); NEL, number of emerged leaves (unit); NDL, number of dead leaves (unit); TLL, total leaf length (cm); LSL, leaf sheath length (cm); PH, plant height (cm); GC, girth circumference (cm); and NLP, number of leaflet pairs (unit). *Significant by the likelihood ratio test.

r_{\tilde{g} g} = \sqrt{1 - \frac{\bar{P} \bar{E} \bar{V}}{{\overset{⌢}{σ}}_{g}^{2}}}

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Genetic parameters of traits at the juvenile stage of different assai palm tree progenies

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[TFN1] ⁽¹⁾NL, number of leaves (unit); NEL, number of emerged leaves (unit); NDL, number of dead leaves (unit); TLL, total leaf length (cm); LSL, leaf sheath length (cm); PH, plant height (cm); GC, girth circumference (cm); NLP, number of leaflet pairs (unit); and NT, number of tillers (unit). *Significant by the likelihood ratio test (LRT), χ²_(0.05;1) = 3.84. ^#Significant contrast between the progenies studied and the BRS Pará cultivar.