Corn silage quality under delayed sealing and microbial inoculant use

Menezes, Guilherme Lobato; Gonçalves, Lúcio Carlos; Sousa, Pamela Grossi de; Michel, Pedro Henrique Fulgêncio; Oliveira, Roseane Batitucci Passos de; Oliveira, Alan Figueiredo de; Melo, Daniel Ferreira de Oliveira; Pires, Frederico Patrus Ananias de Assis; Jayme, Diogo Gonzaga

doi:10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2022.v57.02831

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Animal Nutrition, Original Article • Pesq. agropec. bras. 57 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2022.v57.02831 linkcopy

Corn silage quality under delayed sealing and microbial inoculant use

Qualidade da silagem de milho submetida a atraso na vedação e uso de inoculantes microbianos

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The objective of this work was to determine the effects of sealing delay for 12 hours and of the use of microbial inoculant with heterofermentative bacteria on whole-plant corn (Zea mays) silage. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2×2 factorial arrangement (with or without inoculant × with or without sealing delay). Silage was evaluated for: chemical composition in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), fermentative parameters, losses, aerobic stability, and microbiological profile. The heating of the silage caused by respiration increased the contents of neutral detergent insoluble protein and of acid detergent insoluble protein by 77 and 27.3%, respectively. Soluble carbohydrate losses increased the contents of neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein by 9.1% and of acid detergent fiber by 5.1%, but decreased the content of nonfibrous carbohydrates by 11.2%. IVDMD did not differ between treatments. Silages with delayed sealing and the inoculant showed higher pH and contents of acetic acid, propionic acid, and ammoniacal nitrogen, but a lower content of lactic acid. Delayed sealing reduces the nutritional value, increases the fibrous fractions, and decreases the soluble carbohydrates, whereas the use of inoculant does not improve the nutritional value and aerobic stability of the silages.

Index terms: Lactobacillus; feed evaluation; fermentation; forage conservation; microbiology

Parameter	Control		Inoculant⁽²⁾		SEM	p-value
Parameter	SIL	EXP	SIL	EXP	SEM	I	E	I x E
Chemical composition
DM (g kg^-1 FM)	277	286	290	284	1.57	ns	ns	*
Ash (g kg^-1 DM)	36.7	40.9	31.6	38.1	1.65	ns	ns	ns
Crude protein (g kg^-1 DM)	85.0	89.1	85.2	88.8	0.59	ns	**	ns
NDIP (g kg^-1 DM)	8.40	15.3	8.40	14.4	0.31	ns	**	ns
ADIP (g kg^-1 DM)	6.20	8.40	6.60	8.00	0.26	ns	**	ns
Ether extract (g kg^-1 DM)	35.4	35.3	27.8	38.7	1.66	ns	ns	ns
NDFap (g kg^-1 DM)	398	444	403	429	3.48	ns	**	ns
ADFap (g kg^-1 DM)	207	216	205	217	2.67	ns	ns	ns
ADL (g kg^-1 DM)	29.5	30.1	33.5	31.4	0.91	ns	ns	ns
NFC (g kg^-1 DM)	444	389	452	406	4.64	ns	**	ns
IVDMD (g kg^-1 DM)	615	613	619	612	7.29	ns	ns	ns
Fermentative profle parameter
pH	3.52	3.49	3.43	3.87	0.01	**	**	**
Lactic acid	100	92.5	100.5	56.9	0.65	**	**	**
Acetic acid	12.4	17.5	33.6	29.9	1.08	**	ns	ns
Lactic:acetic acid ratio	8.42	5.51	3.06	1.95	0.26	**	**	ns
Propionic acid	0.87	0.98	0.74	1.91	0.02	*	**	**
Butyric acid	7.31	5.92	1.25	10.2	0.51	ns	*	**
Valeric acid	0.40	0.24	0.21	0.78	0.05	ns	ns	**
Gas loss (% DM)	9.63	5.90	4.71	7.56	0.58	ns	ns	**
Efuent loss (g kg^-1 FM)	353	229	357	194	6.43	ns	**	ns
Total DM loss (% DM)	12.9	8.08	8.15	9.40	0.58	ns	ns	*

Parameter	Control		Inoculant⁽²⁾		SEM	p-value
Parameter	SIL	EXP	SIL	EXP	SEM	I	E	I x E
Aerobic stability (hours)	240	230	216	220	8.43	ns	ns	ns
Microbial count at silo opening:
Bacteria (log₁₀ CFU g^-1)	5.63	5.63	5.46	6.32	0.09	ns	*	*
Yeast (log₁₀ CFU g^-1)	5.14	4.90	4.88	5.22	0.12	ns	ns	ns
Mold (log₁₀ CFU g^-1)	2.94	3.81	0.60	3.25	0.34	*	*	ns
Counts after aerobic stability loss:
Bacteria (log₁₀ CFU g^-1)	5.70	5.55	5.22	6.64	0.24	ns	ns	ns
Yeast (log₁₀ CFU g^-1)	5.73	5.91	5.5	6.42	0.14	ns	ns	ns
Mold (log₁₀ CFU g^-1)	4.84	6.1	5.34	5.55	0.35	ns	ns	ns

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Embrapa Secretaria de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento; Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira Caixa Postal 040315, 70770-901 Brasília DF Brazil, Tel. +55 61 3448-1813, Fax +55 61 3340-5483 - Brasília - DF - Brazil
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[TFN1] ⁽¹⁾ DM, dry matter; NDIP, neutral detergent insoluble protein; ADIP, acid detergent insoluble protein; NDFap, neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein; ADFap, acid detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein; ADL, acid detergent lignin; NFC, nonfibrous carbohydrate; IVDMD, in vitro DM digestibility; FM, fresh matter; SEM, standard error of mean; I, inoculant effect; E, delayed sealing effect; and I × E, interaction effect. ⁽²⁾Mixture of Lactobacillus buchneri and Propionobacterium acidipropionici at the concentrations of 4.0×10⁴ and 6.0×10⁴ CFU g^-1, respectively. * and **Significant at 5 and 1% probability, respectively. ^nsNonsignificant.