Figure 1
Pearson correlogram of measured variables. The intensity of blue for positive and red for negative correlations represents the magnitude of the association. The numbers within the upper half indicate the specific Pearson correlation coefficients. Non-significant correlations (p > 0.05) are blank. DM, dry matter; EE, ether extract; NDF, neutral detergent fiber; ADF, acid detergent fiber; HEM, hemicellulose; CEL, cellulose; ADL, acid detergent lignin; NFC, non-fiber carbohydrates; CP, crude protein; NDIP, neutral detergent insoluble protein; ADIP, acid detergent insoluble protein; DMD, dry matter degradability; DMDIS, dry matter disappearance; DML, dry matter losses; EL, effluent losses; GL, gas losses; NH3, ammoniacal nitrogen; AS, aerobic stability; 0pH, 24pH, 48pH, 72pH, and 96pH, pH at 0, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours after exposure, respectively.
Figure 2
Principal component analysis of whole-plant maize (Zea mays) silages packed at 400 kg m-3 (A) and 550 kg m-3 (B), and dose-response curves for 0pH (C), 96pH (D), aerobic stability (AS; E), dry matter losses (DML; F), gas losses (GL; G), ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3; H), non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC; I), cellulose (CEL; J), hemicellulose (HEM; K), acid detergent lignin (ADL; L), ash (ASH; M), and dry matter degradability (DMD; N) according to bioinoculant application rate and packing density. DM, dry matter; EE, ether extract; NDF, neutral detergent fiber; ADF, acid detergent fiber; CP, crude protein; DMDIS, dry matter disappearance; EL, effluent losses; 24pH, 48pH, and 72pH, pH at 24, 48, and 72 hours after exposure, respectively.
Figure 3
Scatter plots of the principal components (A), and means of the bioinoculant and commercial inoculant in the Tukey test for the following variables at a 5% probability: pH over time after silo opening (B); aerobic stability (C); and dry matter losses (D). The principal component analysis was performed using individual observations, including the effect of packing density, whereas panels B to D present treatment means averaged across packing densities. DM, dry matter; EE, ether extract; NDF, neutral detergent fiber; ADF, acid detergent fiber; HEM, hemicellulose; CEL, cellulose; ADL, acid detergent lignin; NFC, non-fiber carbohydrates; CP, crude protein; NDIP, neutral detergent insoluble protein; ADIP, acid detergent insoluble protein; DMDIS, dry matter disappearance; DML, dry matter losses; EL, effluent losses; GL, gas losses; NH3, ammoniacal nitrogen; AS, aerobic stability; 0pH, 24pH, 48pH, 72pH, and 96pH, pH at 0, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours after exposure, respectively.