Tolerance to preharvest sprouting and yield of wheat genotypes from different breeding programs

The objective of this work was to characterize the performance of elite wheat genotypes from different Brazilian breeding programs for traits associated with grain yield and preharvest sprouting. The study was conducted in 2010 and 2011 in the municipality of Capão do Leão, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Thirty-three wheat genotypes were evaluated for traits related to preharvest sprouting and grain yield. The estimate of genetic distance was used to predict potential combinations for selection of plants with high grain yield and tolerance to preharvest sprouting. The combined analysis of sprouted grains and falling number shows that the TBIO Alvorada, TBIO Mestre, Frontana, Fundacep Raízes, Fundacep Cristalino, and BRS Guamirim genotypes are tolerant to preharvest sprouting. Combinations of TBIO Alvorada and TBIO Mestre with Fundacep Cristalino show high potential for recovering superior genotypes for high grain yield and tolerance to preharvest sprouting.

Index terms:
Triticum aestivum. ear sprouting; falling number; genetic divergence; parental selection.

Authorship

Rafael Nörnberg

Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Campus Universitário, CEP 96001-970 Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil. E-mail: rafaelnornberg@yahoo.com.br, hluche@gmail.com, elisanetessmann@yahoo.com.br, skavalco@gmail.com, cmz.zimmer@gmail.com, barettadiego@gmail.com, lucianoc.maia@gmail.com, acostol@cgfufpel.orgUniversidade Federal de PelotasBrazilCapão do Leão, RS, BrazilUniversidade Federal de Pelotas, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Campus Universitário, CEP 96001-970 Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil. E-mail: rafaelnornberg@yahoo.com.br, hluche@gmail.com, elisanetessmann@yahoo.com.br, skavalco@gmail.com, cmz.zimmer@gmail.com, barettadiego@gmail.com, lucianoc.maia@gmail.com, acostol@cgfufpel.org

José Antonio Gonzalez da Silva

Universidade Regional do Noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Estudos Agrários, Rua do Comércio, no 3.000, Bairro Universitário, CEP 98700-000 Ijuí, RS, Brazil. E-mail: jagsfaem@yahoo.com.brUniversidade Regional do Noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do SulBrazilIjuí, RS, BrazilUniversidade Regional do Noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Estudos Agrários, Rua do Comércio, no 3.000, Bairro Universitário, CEP 98700-000 Ijuí, RS, Brazil. E-mail: jagsfaem@yahoo.com.br

Henrique de Souza Luche

Elisane Weber Tessmann

Sydney Antonio Frehner Kavalco

Cristiano Mathias Zimmer

Diego Baretta

Luciano Carlos da Maia

Antonio Costa de Oliveira

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures | Tables

Figures (2)
Tables (3)

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Figure 1:
Rainfall and maximum temperature during the wheat vegetative cycle, in 2010 and 2011. Data obtained from the agrometeorological station of the municipality of Pelotas, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

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Figure 2:
Dendrogram depicting the analysis of 33 wheat (Triticum aestivum) genotypes obtained by the joint analysis of the 2010 and 2011 crop seasons based on eight phenotypic traits: germinated grains; falling number; grain yield; hectoliter weight; weight of a thousand grains; number of fertile tillers by linear meter; main ear grain weight; and number of grains of the main ear, obtained by the UPGMA clustering method and using the Mahalanobis distance as a measure of genetic distance. The cophenetic correlation coefficient (r) is 0.73, and the average distance is 28.6. I, group I; II, group II; III, group III; and IV, group IV.

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Table 1:
Pedigree and reaction to ear sprouting of the 33 wheat (Triticum aestivum) genotypes evaluated⁽¹⁾.

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Table 2:
Performance per se of the evaluated wheat (Triticum aestivum) genotypes for the traits associated with preharvest sprouting in the analysis of simple effects of genotype x year⁽¹⁾.

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Table 3:
Performance per se of the evaluated wheat (Triticum aestivum) genotypes and relative contribution for total variability associated with preharvest sprouting and grain yield⁽¹⁾.

Figure 1: Rainfall and maximum temperature during the wheat vegetative cycle, in 2010 and 2011. Data obtained from the agrometeorological station of the municipality of Pelotas, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

Figure 2: Dendrogram depicting the analysis of 33 wheat (Triticum aestivum) genotypes obtained by the joint analysis of the 2010 and 2011 crop seasons based on eight phenotypic traits: germinated grains; falling number; grain yield; hectoliter weight; weight of a thousand grains; number of fertile tillers by linear meter; main ear grain weight; and number of grains of the main ear, obtained by the UPGMA clustering method and using the Mahalanobis distance as a measure of genetic distance. The cophenetic correlation coefficient (r) is 0.73, and the average distance is 28.6. I, group I; II, group II; III, group III; and IV, group IV.

Table 1: Pedigree and reaction to ear sprouting of the 33 wheat (Triticum aestivum) genotypes evaluated⁽¹⁾.

⁽¹⁾
Classification for sprouting in the ear according to Comissão Brasileira de Pesquisa de Trigo e Triticale. T, tolerant; MT/T, moderately tolerant to tolerant; MT, moderately tolerant; MT/MS, moderately tolerant to moderately sensitive; MS, moderately sensitive; MS/S, moderately sensitive to sensitive; S, sensitive; and WI, without information.

Table 2: Performance per se of the evaluated wheat (Triticum aestivum) genotypes for the traits associated with preharvest sprouting in the analysis of simple effects of genotype x year⁽¹⁾.

⁽¹⁾
Means followed by equal letters, lowercase in the columns and uppercase in the lines, do not differ among genotypes or among environments, respectively, by the Scott-Knott test, at 5% probability.

Table 3: Performance per se of the evaluated wheat (Triticum aestivum) genotypes and relative contribution for total variability associated with preharvest sprouting and grain yield⁽¹⁾.

⁽¹⁾
Means followed by equal letters, in the columns, do not differ by the Scott-Knott test, at 5% probability. GG, germinated grains; FN, falling number; GY, grain yield; HW, hectoliter weight; WTG, weight of a thousand grains; NFT, number of fertile tillers by linear meter; EGW, main ear grain weight; and NGE, number of grains of the main ear.

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Tolerance to preharvest sprouting and yield of wheat genotypes from different breeding programs

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[TFN1] ⁽¹⁾
Classification for sprouting in the ear according to Comissão Brasileira de Pesquisa de Trigo e Triticale. T, tolerant; MT/T, moderately tolerant to tolerant; MT, moderately tolerant; MT/MS, moderately tolerant to moderately sensitive; MS, moderately sensitive; MS/S, moderately sensitive to sensitive; S, sensitive; and WI, without information.