Pre-and postpartum supplementation strategies on the performance and metabolic status of grazing beef cows

Moreno, Deilen Sotelo; Ortega, Román Maza; Paulino, Mário Fonseca; Rennó, Luciana Navajas; Detmann, Edenio

doi:10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.03102

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Animal Science / Original Article • Pesq. agropec. bras. 58 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.03102 linkcopy

Pre-and postpartum supplementation strategies on the performance and metabolic status of grazing beef cows

Estratégias de suplementação pré e pós-parto no desempenho e no estado metabólico de vacas de corte em pastejo

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of energy-protein supplementation in preand postpartum periods on the productive and metabolic responses of grazing beef cows on tropical pasture. A group of 48 multiparous Nellore cows, with an initial gestation period of 6.4 months, body weight (BW) of 514.9 kg, and body condition score (BCS) of 5.4, was distributed in a completely randomized design, in a 2×2 factorial arrangement. The evaluated treatments were: UNS-UNS, unsupplemented during prepartum and postpartum; UNS-SUP, unsupplemented during prepartum and supplemented during postpartum; SUP-UNS, supplemented during prepartum and unsupplemented during postpartum; and SUP-SUP, supplemented during preand postpartum. The energy-protein supplement was offered at an amount of 1.5 kg per animal per day. Prepartum supplementation increased average daily gain and BCS at calving. Prepartum supplementation reduced non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and increased serum concentrations of total proteins and globulins during postpartum. Postpartum supplementation increased the BCS of cows and BW of calves at the end of the experiment. Postpartum supplementation increased blood concentrations of progesterone, while NEFA decreased. Supplementation with 1.5 kg per day of the energy-protein supplement during the last 84 days of gestation improves productive performance and metabolic status during the preand postpartum periods of grazing cows.

Index terms Nellore cows; periparturient period; ruminant nutrition; tropical forage

Item⁽¹⁾	Supplement	Prepartum forage^(2,4)	Postpartum forage^(3,4)
Ingredient % (as fed basis)
Corn meal	50.00	-	-
Wheat bran	27.00	-	-
Soybean meal	20.00	-	-
Urea: ammonium sulfate (9:1)	3.00	-	-
Chemical composition (g kg^-1 DM)
Dry matter	883.60	812.9±0.15	896.1±1.82
Organic matter	968.30	928.2±0.54	919.1±1.00
Crude protein	249.80	89.2±0.43	89.6±0.64
Ether extract	29.30	20.4±0.06	17.2±0.07
Non fibrous carbohydrates	497.30	150.3±0.51	123.2±0.82
NDFap	191.90	668.3±5.02	689.1±5.78
iNDF	56.10	156.4±0.32	153.8±0.28

Parameter⁽¹⁾	Treatments⁽²⁾				SEM⁽³⁾	p-value⁽⁴⁾
	Unsupplemented		Supplemented			PRE	Overall
						PRE	PRE	POS	PRE×POS
84 d prepartum
Body weight (kg)	514.5		521.2		13.08	0.717	-	-	-
Body condition score	5.6		5.2		0.16	0.262	-	-	-
7 d prepartum
Body weight (kg)	501.7		535.6		11.69	0.046	-	-	-
Average daily gain (kg per day)	-0.167		0.186		0.0452	<0.001	-	-	-
Body condition score	5.4		5.6		0.11	0.337	-	-	-
LMA (cm²)	46.5		48.6		1.39	0.388	-	-	-
SFTl (mm)	4.9		3.9		0.60	0.335	-	-	-
SFTr (mm)	6.6		5.4		0.72	0.380	-	-	-
Calving
Body weight (kg)	473.4		513.3		11.65	0.019	-	-	-
Body condition score	5.2		5.7		0.14	0.009	-	-	-
Calf body weight (kg)	33.8		35.3		1.00	0.318	-	-	-
84 d postpartum	UNS	SUP	UNS	SUP
Body weight (kg)	463.3	487.4	500.4	509.2	16.43	-	0.086	0.332	0.650
Average daily gain (kg per day)	-0.057	0.099	-0.130	-0.065	0.0720	-	0.114	0.139	0.543
Body condition score	4.4	5.2	5.5	5.7	0.19	-	<0.001	0.025	0.153
LMA (cm²)	45.6	48.5	51.2	50.0	1.85	-	0.064	0.643	0.286
SFTl (mm)	4.2	4.5	4.0	4.1	0.66	-	0.683	0.701	0.911
SFTr (mm)	5.5	6.1	6.1	6.2	0.79	-	0.677	0.679	0.699
Calf body weight (kg)	90.9	89.1	78.7	100.6	4.15	-	0.935	0.023	0.008

Parameter⁽¹⁾	Treatments⁽²⁾				SEM⁽³⁾ ±	p-value⁽⁴⁾
	UNS		SUP			PRE			Overall
						T	D	T×D	PRE	POS	PRE×POS	D	T×D
Prepartum
SUN (mg dL^-1)	11.8		15.3		1.02	0.132	<0.001	0.001	-	-	-	-	-
Total proteins (g dL^-1)	7.07		7.09		0.117	0.885	0.001	0.521	-	-	-	-	-
Albumin (g dL^-1)	3.33		3.28		0.035	0.252	0.010	0.645	-	-	-	-	-
Globulins (g dL^-1)	3.73		3.81		0.126	0.647	<0.001	0.487	-	-	-	-	-
Glucose (mg dL^-1)	63.9		62.6		1.20	0.536	<0.001	0.293	-	-	-	-	-
NEFA (mmol L^-1)	0.61		0.38		0.041	0.039	<0.001	<0.001	-	-	-	-	-
BHB (mmol L^-1)	0.63		0.51		0.034	0.082	<0.001	0.415	-	-	-	-	-
Postpartum	UNS	SUP	UNS	SUP
SUN (mg dL^-1)	9.6	12.2	10.4	12.7	0.54	-	-	-	0.225	<0.001	0.808	0.041	<0.001
Total proteins (g dL^-1)	7.09	7.04	7.57	7.40	0.162	-	-	-	0.018	0.513	0.702	<0.001	0.012
Albumin (g dL^-1)	3.25	3.26	3.29	3.35	0.026	-	-	-	0.027	0.214	0.486	0.013	0.553
Globulins (g dL^-1)	3.84	3.78	4.28	4.05	0.165	-	-	-	0.050	0.410	0.626	0.005	0.035
Glucose (mg dL^-1)	66.2	64.6	64.0	61.7	1.21	-	-	-	0.042	0.113	0.747	<0.001	0.006
NEFA (mmol L^-1)	0.42	0.33	0.41	0.37	0.028	-	-	-	0.605	0.030	0.473	<0.001	0.096
BHB (mmol L^-1)	0.49	0.49	0.51	0.45	0.022	-	-	-	0.561	0.769	0.019	0.001	0.008
Progesterone (ng mL^-1)	1.50	5.51	2.47	5.63	1.434	-	-	-	0.705	0.018	0.768	-	-

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