Heterose em sorgo-sacarino

Lombardi, Gabrielle Maria Romeiro; Navegantes, Patricia Cardoso Andrade; Pereira, Carlos Henrique; Fonseca, Jales Mendes Oliveira; Parrella, Rafael Augusto da Costa; Castro, Fernanda Maria Rodrigues; Rocha, Mara Jane da; Ornelas, Daniela Oliveira; Bruzi, Adriano Teodoro; Nunes, José Airton Rodrigues

doi:10.1590/S0100-204X2018000500008

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Sumário

GENETICS • Pesq. agropec. bras. 53 (05) • Maio 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-204X2018000500008 copiar

Heterose em sorgo-sacarino

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Resumo:

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial per se de linhagens macho-estéreis e restauradoras de sorgo-sacarino (Sorghum bicolor), bem como detalhar a heterose manifestada quanto a algumas características relacionadas direta ou indiretamente à produção de etanol, à taxa de acúmulo e à previsibilidade. As avaliações foram realizadas com 20 genótipos, dos quais 4 linhagens restauradoras de fertilidade (R), 3 linhagens macho-estéreis (A) e 12 híbridos experimentais (H) resultantes do cruzamento dialelo parcial entre as linhagens A e R, além de um híbrido comercial CV198 como testemunha, em quatro épocas de colheita. Os experimentos foram realizados nos municípios de Lavras e Sete Lagoas, no Estado de Minas Gerais. As características mensuradas foram altura de planta, produção de massa verde, extração de caldo, conteúdo de sólidos solúveis totais e megagramas de Brix por hectare. As linhagens macho-estéreis A1 e as restauradoras R1 e R2 apresentam melhor potencial per se, ao se considerar todos os caracteres e a sua taxa de acúmulo e a previsibilidade de comportamento, nas diferentes épocas de colheitas. A heterose é significativa para todos os caracteres. Os híbridos H₁₁, H₁₃, H₁₄, H₂₁, H₂₂ e H₃₃ são promissores por seu maior desempenho per se e maior heterose.

Termos para indexação:
Sorghum bicolor; dialelo; vigor híbrido; macho-esterilidade; seleção parental

Embrapa Secretaria de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento; Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira Caixa Postal 040315, 70770-901 Brasília DF Brazil, Tel. +55 61 3448-1813, Fax +55 61 3340-5483 - Brasília - DF - Brazil
E-mail: pab@embrapa.br

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[TFN1] *,**Significant by the F-test, at 5 and 1% probability, respectively. ⁺Significant by the Dunnett’s test, at 5% probability, of the commercial hybrid. CV (a), coefficients of variation at plot level; CV (b), coefficients of variation at split plot level. AS, selective accuracy at split plot level.

Source of variation	Degree of freedom	Mean square
Source of variation	Degree of freedom	PH (m)	GMP (Mg ha^-1)	EXT (%)	TSS (% juice)	MBH
Location (L)	1	0.005	8951**	118649**	352.6**	146.7**
Genotype (G)	19	5.300**	2433**	242.80**	29.76**	17.27**
G x L	19	0.310**	392.8**	67.63*	9.71**	3.19**
Time (E)	3	0.039	2954.4**	273.19**	118.60**	4.01**
G x E	57	0.049	140.5*	17.64	5.57**	1.36**
L x E	3	0.540**	2656.2**	291.31**	68.73**	45.61**
L x G x E	57	0.088**	105.2	22.12	1.70**	0.95
Overall mean		2.76	56.22	52.18	12.68	3.64
Male-sterile lines (A)		1.73⁺	35.29⁺	46.76⁺	11.09⁺	1.77⁺
Fertility-restorer lines (R)		3.09⁺	64.73	54.62⁺	12.43	4.11
Experimental hybrids		2.86⁺	57.85⁺	52.86	13.21⁺	3.94
Commercial hybrid CV198		3.29	65.44	50.47	12.19	3.85
CV (a) (%)		9.10	19.70	10.99	8.96	28.80
CV (b) (%)		8.43	17.66	9.36	8.08	23.46
AS (%)		97.86	99.49	97.95	94.96	98.22

Genotype	PH (m) y	GMP (Mg ha^-1)			EXT (%)			TSS (% juice)			MBH
Genotype	PH (m) y	y	b₁	r²	y	b₁	r²	y	b₁	r²	y	b₁	r²
A1	1.7c⁺	38c	-0.4	0.56	46b	-0.02	0.59	11c	-0.04	0.36	2.0b	-0.03	0.52
A2	1.8c	35b	-0.4	0.53	47b	0.02	0.12	11c	-0.04	0.53	1.8b	-0.04	0.51
A3	1.7c	33b	-0.2	0.42	46b	-0.04	0.10	11c	-0.06	0.55	1.6b	-0.02	0.73
R1	3.0a	65a	0.1	0.35	56a	-0.09	0.42	12a	0.12	0.79	4.4a	0.04	0.43
R2	3.3a	61a	-0.5	0.61	49b	-0.20	0.43	13a	0.11	0.69	3.8a	-0.02	0.52
R3	3.0a	59a	0.0	0.37	55a	-0.03	0.52	13a	0.09	0.63	4.0a	0.02	0.62
R4	3.1ª	74a	-0.5	0.49	58a	0.00	0.38	11c	0.11	0.69	4.2a	0.01	0.55
H₁₁	2.8b	59a	0.2	0.41	54a	-0.07	0.42	14a	0.08	0.91	4.3a	0.03	0.49
H₁₂	2.9ª	58a	-0.3	0.37	51b	-0.21	0.56	14a	0.06	0.57	4.1a	-0.03	0.35
H₁₃	2.8b	61a	-0.2	0.23	52b	-0.07	0.44	14a	0.07	0.69	4.4a	-0.00	0.32
H₁₄	2.8b	56a	-0.4	0.47	54a	0.04	0.58	12b	0.03	0.57	3.6a	-0.02	0.58
H₂₁	2.7b	57a	-0.3	0.44	52a	-0.12	0.58	13a	0.08	0.82	3.9a	-0.01	0.53
H₂₂	2.9ª	59a	-0.1	0.20	51b	-0.08	0.43	14a	0.08	0.66	4.3a	0.01	0.26
H₂₃	2.9b	55a	-0.3	0.27	55a	-0.05	0.20	13a	0.05	0.65	3.9a	-0.02	0.27
H₂₄	2.7b	59a	-0.5	0.58	54a	0.04	0.22	12b	0.03	0.73	3.7a	-0.03	0.37
H₃₁	2.8^b	58a	-0.2	0.58	51b	-0.06	0.56	14a	0.08	0.74	3.9a	-0.00	0.60
H₃₂	3.0a	52a	-0.3	0.44	49b	-0.09	0.54	13a	0.04	0.68	3.4a	-0.02	0.24
H₃₃	2.9ª	57a	-0.3	0.46	55a	-0.04	0.29	13a	0.06	0.55	4.0a	-0.01	0.38
H₃₄	2.8b	62a	-0.3	0.19	54a	-0.03	0.46	12b	0.04	0.50	3.9a	-0.01	0.19

Source of variation		Degree of freedom	Mean square
Source of variation		Degree of freedom	PH (m)	GMP (Mg ha^-1)	EXT (%)	TSS (% juice)	MBH
Genotype		(18)	5.16*	2447.76*	252.08*	31.07*	18.14*
Between lines		1	68.12*	32722.17*	2321.49*	48.59*	194.26*
Lines A		2	0.05	126.32	15.37	6.28*	2.74*
Lines R		3	0.89*	815.64*	461.46*	86.13*	1.51
Heterosis (H.)		(12)	1.89*	719.82*	66.74*	19.98*	10.16*
Average H.		1	21.56*	6429.60*	491.64*	219.19*	104.03*
	H. Line (A)	2	0.25*	29.83	3.67	1.11	0.12
	H. Line (R)	3	0.16*	250.69	19.41	1.21	1.71
	Specific H.	6	0.01	232.76*	40.62	2.45*	2.09*
Error		228	0.05	99.70	24.62	1.04	0.74
Overall mean			2.76	56.22	52.18	12.68	3.64
Male-sterile lines (A)			1.73	35.29	46.76	11.09	1.77
Fertility-restorer lines (R)			3.09	64.73	54.62	12.43	4.11
Experimental hybrids			2.86⁺	57.85⁺	52.86⁺	13.21⁺	3.94⁺

Genotypes	Trait
	PH y	GMP			EXT			TSS			MBH
	PH y	y	b₁	r²	y	b₁	r²	y	b₁	r²	y	b₁	r²
	0.45*	7.8*	0.02*	-0.09*	2.17*	-0.01*	0.10*	1.45*	0.03*	0.08*	0.99*	0.00*	-0.18*
	Varietal H. (h_a or h_r)
A1	0.02	-0.7	0.11*	-0.05	0.07	-0.01	-0.12*	0.17	0.00	0.07*	0.05	0.01	0.08*
A2	-0.1*	-0.1	-0.01	-0.03	0.24	-0.01	-0.02	-0.05	0.00	0.02	-0.01	0.00	0.01
A3	0.06*	0.8	-0.1	0.07	-0.3	0.02	0.14*	-0.12	0.00	-0.08*	-0.04	-0.01	-0.97*
R1	-0.05	0.1	-0.03	0.14*	-0.79	-0.02	0.09*	0.23	0.02*	0.12*	-0.05	0.00	0.11*
R2	0.04	0.5	0.16*	-0.13	0.43	-0.001	0.07	0.01	0.00	-0.03	0.13	0.01*	-0.09*
R3	0.07*	2.7	-0.12	-0.02	0.7	-0.02	-0.17*	-0.08	0.01	-0.01	0.19	-0.01	-0.10*
R4	-0.06	-3.3	-0.01	0.01	-0.35	0.04	0.01	-0.17	-0.02*	-0.07*	-0.27	-0.01*	-0.01
	Specific heterosis (h_ar)
H₁₁	-0.02	0.6	-0.06	0.07	-0.91	0.02	0.00	0.25	0.01	-0.03	0.05	-0.01	0.09*
H₁₂	0.01	-3.8*	-0.02	0.07	-0.70	0.03	0.00	-0.29	-0.02*	0.11*	-0.4	-0.01	-0.01
H₁₃	0.00	-0.1	-0.05	0.11*	1.25	0.01	0.00	0.07	0.01	-0.03	0.08	0.00	0.09*
H₁₄	0.02	3.3*	0.12	-0.25	0.36	-0.05	0.00	-0.02	0.01	-0.05	0.27*	0.01*	-0.16*
H₂₁	-0.01	-0.4	-0.16	-0.02	-0.09	-0.04	0.14*	-0.2	0.00	-0.05	-0.14	-0.01*	0.02
H₂₂	0.01	2.9*	0.17*	-0.12	0.22	0.04	0.01	0.38*	0.02*	-0.02	0.37*	0.02*	0.00
H₂₃	0.02	-2.5	0.05	-0.04	0.78	-0.01	-0.03	-0.36	-0.01*	-0.02	-0.19	0.00	-0.03
H₂₄	-0.01	-0.1	-0.07	0.18*	-0.91	0.01	-0.12*	0.18	-0.01	0.09*	-0.03	-0.01	0.02
H₃₁	0.04	-0.1	0.22*	-0.05	1.00	0.03	-0.16*	-0.04	0.00	0.08*	0.09	0.02*	-0.11*
H₃₂	-0.01	0.9	-0.15	0.05	0.48	-0.07	-0.01	-0.09	0.00	-0.08*	0.04	-0.02*	0.02
H₃₃	-0.01	2.5	-0.01	-0.07	-2.03	0.01	0.07*	0.29	0.01	0.05	0.12	0.00	-0.06
H₃₄	-0.01	-3.2*	-0.06	0.07	0.55	0.04	0.10*	-0.15	0.00	-0.04	-0.25	0.00	0.15*

Sources of variation		Degree of freedom	Mean square
Sources of variation		Degree of freedom	GMP	EXT	TSS	MBH
Genotype		(18)	0.819*	0.106*	0.0629*	0.010*
Between lines		1	0.518*	0.164*	0.946*	0.076*
Line A		2	0.429*	0.028	0.004	0.001
Line R		3	2.249*	0.407*	0.019*	0.019*
Heterosis (H.)		(12)	0.551*	0.039	0.010*	0.004*
Average H.		1	0.027	0.018	0.066*	0.000
	H. Line (A)	2	0.545*	0.018	0.0004	0.002
	H. Line (R)	3	0.568*	0.029	0.012*	0.003*
	Specific H.	6	0.632*	0.054	0.003*	0.006*
Error		72	0.092	0.027	0.001	0.001
Overall mean			-0.253	-0.057	0.052	-0.008
Lines A			-0.323	-0.015	-0.046	-0.030
Lines R			-0.209	-0.079	0.109	0.013
Experimental hybrids			-0.250	-0.060	0.057	-0.009

Source of variation		Degree of freedom	Mean square
Source of variation		Degree of freedom	GMP	EXT	TSS	MBH
Genotype		(18)	0.393*	0.687*	0.392*	0.529*
Between lines		1	0.034	1.325*	1.863*	0.031
Line A		2	0.01	2.043*	0.167	0.134
Line R		3	0.212*	0.181*	0.616*	0.221*
Heterosis (H.)		(12)	0.531*	0.535*	0.251*	0.714*
Average H.		1	0.859*	1.095*	0.742*	3.287*
	H. Line (A)	2	0.205	0.852*	0.277*	0.398*
	H. Line (R)	3	0.498*	0.583*	0.226*	0.852*
	Specific H.	6	0.602*	0.312*	0.172*	0.321*
Error		72	0.083	0.078	0.058	0.067
Overall mean			0.420	0.408	0.649	0.444
Lines A			0.501	0.240	0.476	0.587
Lines R			0.455	0.437	0.703	0.528
Experimental hybrids			0.387	0.440	0.674	0.381