Genetic variability during four cycles of recurrent selection in rice

The objective of this work was to estimate genetic and phenotypic parameters among progenies of the CNA6 population of upland rice (Oryza sativa) for grain yield and plant height in four cycles of recurrent selection, in order to evaluate the genetic variability and the genotype × location interaction. The experimental data were obtained from yield trials of S_0:2 progenies, which were carried out in the experimental design of Federer’s augmented blocks, without replications for progenies within each location. The effect of S_0:2 progenies was significant in all cycles for grain yield and in the first three cycles for plant height, indicating the maintenance of the population’s genetic potential to generate transgressive progenies. The participation of the component of the progeny × location interaction in phenotypic variance was of high magnitude. The genetic variability of the CNA6 population of upland rice is maintained for grain yield and plant height during the four cycles of recurrent selection.

Index terms:
Oryza sativa; genotype × environment interaction; population improvement; quantitative genetics; variance components

Authorship

Odilon Peixoto de Morais Júnior

Universidade Federal de Goiás, Departamento de Genética e Melhoramento de Plantas, Campus Samambaia, Avenida Esperança s/no, CEP 74690-900 Goiânia, GO, Brazil. E-mail: odilonpmorais@gmail.com, pgsantos@gmail.comUniversidade Federal de GoiásBrazilGoiânia, GO, BrazilUniversidade Federal de Goiás, Departamento de Genética e Melhoramento de Plantas, Campus Samambaia, Avenida Esperança s/no, CEP 74690-900 Goiânia, GO, Brazil. E-mail: odilonpmorais@gmail.com, pgsantos@gmail.com

Patrícia Guimarães Santos Melo

Orlando Peixoto de Morais

Embrapa Arroz e Feijão, Rodovia GO-462, Km 12, Caixa Postal 179, CEP 75375-000 Santo Antônio de Goiás, GO, Brazil. E-mail: orlando.morais@embrapa.br, jose.colombari@embrapa.brEmbrapa Arroz e FeijãoBrazilSanto Antônio de Goiás, GO, BrazilEmbrapa Arroz e Feijão, Rodovia GO-462, Km 12, Caixa Postal 179, CEP 75375-000 Santo Antônio de Goiás, GO, Brazil. E-mail: orlando.morais@embrapa.br, jose.colombari@embrapa.br

José Manoel Colombari Filho

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Tables | Formulas

Tables (4)
Formulas (12)

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Table 1.
Location, cultivars used as checks, and number of progenies in each selection cycle (3, 4, 5, and 6), in the yield trials of S_0:2 progenies of the CNA6 upland rice (Oryza sativa) population.

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Table 2.
Summary of the combined analysis of variance of each recurrent selection cycle, with their respective coefficients of experimental variation (CV_e), overall average, averages of the S_0:2 progenies, averages of the 10% superior and 10% inferior S_0:2 progenies, and average of the checks for the traits grain yield and plant height of the CNA6 upland rice (Oryza sativa) population.

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Table 3.
Estimates of the genetic and phenotypic parameters for the traits grain yield and plant height of the CNA6 upland rice (Oryza sativa) population in four selection cycles and their respective superior (SL) and inferior (IL) limits of confidence intervals⁽¹⁾.

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Table 4.
Estimates of the mean squares of the genotype × pair of locations interaction (MS_GL) and of the phenotypic correlation of genotypes (

{\overset{⌢}{r}}_{F}

) among pairs of locations (A₁ and A₂), for grain yield and plant height of the CNA6 upland rice (Oryza sativa) population, in each cycle of recurrent selection.

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Table 1. Location, cultivars used as checks, and number of progenies in each selection cycle (3, 4, 5, and 6), in the yield trials of S_0:2 progenies of the CNA6 upland rice (Oryza sativa) population.

Description		Number of progenies
Description		3	4	5	6
Location (geographic coordinates)⁽¹⁾
	Santo Antônio de Goiás, GO (16°40'S, 49°15'W)	1	1	1	1
	Primavera do Leste, MT (5°33'S, 54°17'W)	1
	Sinop, MT (11°52'S, 55°29'W)		1		1
	Vilhena, RO (12°44'S, 60°08'W)	1
	Teresina, PI (05°05'S, 42°48'W)			1
	Paragominas, PA (02°59'S, 47°21'W)				1
Check
	BRS Primavera	1	1	1	1
	Guarani	1	1	1
	Carajás	1	1	1
	BRS Bonança		1	1	1
	BRSMG Curinga				1
	BRS Sertaneja				1
Progenies S_0:2		220	92	114	61

⁽¹⁾Brazilian states: Go, Goiás; MT, Mato Grosso; RO, Rondônia; PI, Piauí; and PA, Pará.

Table 2. Summary of the combined analysis of variance of each recurrent selection cycle, with their respective coefficients of experimental variation (CV_e), overall average, averages of the S_0:2 progenies, averages of the 10% superior and 10% inferior S_0:2 progenies, and average of the checks for the traits grain yield and plant height of the CNA6 upland rice (Oryza sativa) population.

Source of variation		Cycle 3		Cycle 4		Cycle 5		Cycle 6
Source of variation		DF	MS	DF	MS	DF	MS	DF	MS
		Grain yield (kg ha^-1)
Location (L)		2	10,011,354.4**	1	4,017,605.4**	1	354,071.7^ns	2	24,938,004.7**
Block/L		30	480,891.3**	8	426,148.2^ns	18	650,498.1**	9	248,618.1^ns
Type (T)		1	10,533,850.6**	1	24,418,580.5**	1	13,005,201.4**	1	4,729,564.4**
Genotype (G)/T		221	709,667.6**	94	287,463.6^ns	116	733,422.1**	63	1,116,792.1**
	Progeny (P)	219	644,997.8**	91	271,409.5^ns	113	548,931.8**	60	972,145.4**
	Check (C)	2	7,827,404.5**	3	774,436.8*	3	7,715,082.4**	3	4,165,054.0**
G × L		442	453,200.0**	94	158,254.0^ns	116	438,116.0**	126	700,709.7**
	P × L	438	409,058.1**	91	158,874.6^ns	113	416,725.6*	120	536,580.3**
	C × L	4	5,418,924.3**	3	139,430.2^ns	3	1,485,685.7**	6	3,966,764.9**
T × L		2	23,729,177.8**	1	1,326,908.9*	1	554,082.2^ns	2	77,579.6^ns
Error		59	228,134.0	24	186,537.8	52	233,364.1	25	166,322.2
CV_e			18.26		18.57		13.97		12.42
Overall average			2,615		2,326		3,459		3,285
	Average of the 10% superior S_0:2 progenies		3,493		2,892		4,310		4,220
	Average of S_0:2 progenies		2,567		2,174		3,309		3,218
	Average of the 10% inferior S_0:2 progenies		1,705		1,538		2,121		2,042
	Average of checks		2,919		3,036		3,794		3,582
		Plant height (cm)
L		2	19,235.4**	1	1,799.9**	1	4,783.8**	2	20,378.7**
Block/L		30	34.2^ns	8	53.3^ns	18	109.5**	9	54.2^ns
T		1	1,455.1**	1	227.9*	1	372.4**	1	734.7**
G/T		221	85.3**	94	97.0**	116	136.3**	63	102.1**
	P	219	77.0**	91	75.0*	113	109.9**	60	89.9**
	C	2	992.0**	3	765.2**	3	1.127.5**	3	346.3**
G × L		442	42.6**	94	43.5^ns	116	94.7**	126	68.9**
	P × L	438	42.1**	91	40.1^ns	113	65.7*	120	70.2**
	C × L	4	98.2**	3	146.3*	3	1,184.0**	6	38.3^ns
T × L		2	1,038.1**	1	444.1**	1	9.9^ns	2	939.3**
Error		59	22.7	24	32.7	52	42.9	25	24.6
CV_e			4.85		5.16		5.52		4.95
Overall average			98.1		110.7		118.5		102.3
	Average of the 10% superior S_0:2 progenies		108.4		122.3		132.6		113.4
	Average of S_0:2 progenies		98.7		111.3		119.4		103.3
	Average of the 10% inferior S_0:2 progenies		88.1		99.4		103.8		93.1
	Average of checks		94.5		108.7		116.7		98.8

DF, degrees of freedom; and MS, mean squares. ^nsNonsignificant. * and **Significant by the t-test, at 5 and 1% probability, respectively.

Table 3. Estimates of the genetic and phenotypic parameters for the traits grain yield and plant height of the CNA6 upland rice (Oryza sativa) population in four selection cycles and their respective superior (SL) and inferior (IL) limits of confidence intervals⁽¹⁾.

Parameter	Cycle 3	Cycle 4	Cycle 5	Cycle 6
	Grain yield (kg ha^-1)
SL	214,592.2	667,578.3	338,369.6	494,311.3
${\overset{⌢}{σ}}_{p}^{2}$	144,709.2	45,185.4	173,770.8	293,592.5
IL	105,540.2	15,410.1	111,736.7	198,769.5
SL	371,881.5	-29,991,760.9⁽²⁾	528,258.6	669,016.8
${\overset{⌢}{σ}}_{p l}^{2}$	188,423.3	-29,454.0	201,806.6	404,697.9
IL	120,034.6	-5,862.8	106,967.9	272,283.6
SL	339,366.5	361,007.4	355,652.8	316,931.7
${\overset{⌢}{σ}}^{2}$	228,134.0	186,537.8	233,364.1	166,322.2
IL	163,910.5	113,730.8	164,906.5	102,298.1
SL	77.08	66.19	73.83	91.66
${\overset{⌢}{h}}_{\bar{p}}^{2}$	64.63	31.27	57.49	82.89
IL	48.00	-23.60	33.61	68.03
CV_g	14.82	9.78	12.59	16.84
b	0.81	0.53	0.90	1.36
${\overset{⌢}{r}}_{\overset{⌢}{g} g}$	0.80	0.56	0.76	0.91
	Plant height (cm)
SL	26.44	55.06	66.23	46.21
${\overset{⌢}{σ}}_{p}^{2}$	18.86	22.55	36.86	23.81
IL	14.28	13.19	24.08	15.26
SL	37.18	8.022.90	104.32	90.53
${\overset{⌢}{σ}}_{p l}^{2}$	20.21	7.88	25.05	49.83
IL	13.05	1.57	11.01	32.92
SL	33.74	63.23	65.69	46.86
${\overset{⌢}{σ}}^{2}$	22.68	32.67	42.91	24.59
IL	16.29	19.92	30.23	15.12
SL	80.92	78.58	76.05	86.66
${\overset{⌢}{h}}_{\bar{p}}^{2}$	70.55	56.45	60.94	72.66
IL	56.71	21.69	38.85	48.91
CV_g	4.40	4.27	5.09	4.72
b	0.91	0.83	0.91	0.97
${\overset{⌢}{r}}_{\overset{⌢}{g} g}$	0.84	0.75	0.78	0.85

⁽¹⁾σ⌢p2 , genetic variance among progenies S_0:2; σ⌢pl2 , variance of the progeny × location interaction; σ⌢2 , residual variance; h⌢p¯2 , broad-sense heritability coefficients among averages of S_0:2 progenies; CV_g, coefficient of genetic variation; and b, variation index; and r⌢g⌢g , selective accuracy. Cycle 3: k₁=0,960, k₂=2,881; Cycle 4: k₁=0,939, k₂=1,878; Cycle 5: k₁=0,909; k₂=1,817; Cycle 6: k₁=0,915, k₂=2,745. ⁽²⁾Negative estimates were considered equal to zero.

Table 4. Estimates of the mean squares of the genotype × pair of locations interaction (MS_GL) and of the phenotypic correlation of genotypes ( ${\overset{⌢}{r}}_{F}$ ) among pairs of locations (A₁ and A₂), for grain yield and plant height of the CNA6 upland rice (Oryza sativa) population, in each cycle of recurrent selection.

Cycle	Location⁽¹⁾		Grain yield (kg ha^-1)		Plant height (cm)
Cycle	A₁	A₂	MS_GL	${\overset{⌢}{r}}_{F}$	MS_GL	${\overset{⌢}{r}}_{F}$
3	SAG	PRI	517,004.50**	0.08^ns	34.86^ns	0.25**
3	SAG	VIL	384,000.60*	0.05^ns	46.79**	0.15*
3	PRI	VIL	326,007.50^ns	0.22**	44.60*	0.23**
4	SAG	SIN	158,874.60^ns	0.21**	40.07^ns	0.26**
5	SAG	TER	416,725.60*	0.18**	65.66*	0.27**
6	SAG	SIN	677,458.48**	0.10^ns	83.75*	0.20^ns
6	SAG	PAR	394,141.83*	0.26**	40.32^ns	0.07^ns
6	SIN	PAR	553,398.48**	0.17**	87.78**	-0.13*
Mean				0.16		0.16

⁽¹⁾SAG, Santo Antônio de Goiás, in the state of Goiás; PRI, Primavera do Leste, in the state of Mato Grosso; SIN, Sinop, in the state of Mato Grosso; VIL, Vilhena, in the state of Rondônia; TER, Teresina, in the state of Piauí; and PAR, Paragominas, in the state of Pará, all in Brazil. For MS_GL, * and **Significant by the F-test, at 5 and 1% probability, respectively; and, for r⌢F: * and **Significant by the t-test, at 5 and 1%, respectively. ^nsNonsignificant.

{\overset{⌢}{σ}}_{p}^{2}

{\overset{⌢}{σ}}_{p l}^{2}

{\overset{⌢}{σ}}^{2}

{\overset{⌢}{h}}_{\bar{p}}^{2}

{\overset{⌢}{r}}_{\overset{⌢}{g} g}

{\overset{⌢}{σ}}_{p}^{2}

{\overset{⌢}{σ}}_{p l}^{2}

{\overset{⌢}{σ}}^{2}

{\overset{⌢}{h}}_{\bar{p}}^{2}

{\overset{⌢}{r}}_{\overset{⌢}{g} g}

{\overset{⌢}{r}}_{F}

{\overset{⌢}{r}}_{F}

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Genetic variability during four cycles of recurrent selection in rice

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[TFN1] ⁽¹⁾Brazilian states: Go, Goiás; MT, Mato Grosso; RO, Rondônia; PI, Piauí; and PA, Pará.