The objective of this work was to study the effect of different sowing dates on the rate and duration of the grain filling and how such factors determine the final grain weight of a number of maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids. Three experiments were carried out under field conditions in the years 1994/95 to 1996/97, using the commercial hybrids C-901, XL-560, and XL-678 in 1994/95 and the hybrids C-901, XL-212, and XL-370 in the remaining years. The treatments consisted of sowing dates from September to December, in 1994/95, and from August to December, in 1995/96 and 1996/97. The effective grain filling rate depended directly on the mean air temperature and it was higher in earlier plantings, resulting in heavier grains, as compared to the grains obtained in the later sowings. In the later sowing dates a lower air temperature during the effective grain filling period favors a lower grain filling rate, resulting in lighter grains. In such sowing dates it is concluded that the main factor limiting yield seems to be the source of assimilate supply instead of the grain accumulation capacity.
Zea mays; seed filling; growth rate; temperature; yield components
