Selection of cotton lines for high oil content

The objective of this work was to evaluate the oil content and characters related to fiber quality and yield in cotton lines (Gossypium hirsutum), in order to select genotypes with high oil content and acceptable levels of the other characters. Twenty-two F₆ lines and three checks were cultivated in three field trials - two in the municipality of Apodi, in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, and one in the municipality of Barbalha, in the state of Ceará, both in Brazil. The genetic parameters and the genetic gain from selecting 20% of the lines were estimated according to their means in each environment and in the group of environments. Regarding oil content, there is genetic variability, and the selection based on the overall mean is indicated, since this character showed high heritability, with 4.58% expected gain. The lines selected with this criterion have oil contents between 23.52 and 24.51%, which are higher than those of the Brazilian cultivar BRS Aroeira with the highest grain oil content (22.04%).

Index terms:
Gossypium hirsutum; gain from selection; genotype x environment interaction; indirect selection; seed quality.

Authorship

Luiz Paulo de Carvalho

Embrapa Algodão, Rua Oswaldo Cruz, no 1.143, Centenário, CEP 58428-095 Campina Grande, PB, Brazil. E-mail: luiz.carvalho@embrapa.br, josianeisabela@gmail.com, francisco.farias@embrapa.brEmbrapa AlgodãoBrazilCampina Grande, PB, BrazilEmbrapa Algodão, Rua Oswaldo Cruz, no 1.143, Centenário, CEP 58428-095 Campina Grande, PB, Brazil. E-mail: luiz.carvalho@embrapa.br, josianeisabela@gmail.com, francisco.farias@embrapa.br

Josiane Isabela da Silva Rodrigues

Francisco José Correia Farias

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Tables | Formulas

Tables (6)
Formulas (10)

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Table 1.
Individual and joint analysis of variance of the environments and heritability for oil content and other ten agronomic characters in the F₆ cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) lines cultivated in Apodi, 2013; Apodi, 2014; and Barbalha, 2014⁽¹⁾.

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Table 2.
Mean oil content of each F₆ line and check of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) in the three evaluated environments, from the joint analysis of the environments.

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Table 3
Genetic parameter estimates for the F₆ cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) lines in the three evaluated environments⁽¹⁾.

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Table 4.
Genetic correlations between oil content and other ten agronomic characters related to yield and fiber quality, from the F₆ cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) lines, in the three evaluated environments.

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Table 5.
Prediction of the genetic gain with the selection of 20% of the best cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) lines for oil content in each environment and based on the overall mean of the environments for the population of 22 F₆ lines and the means of the selected lines.

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Table 6
Direct and indirect percentage gains with selection in Apodi, 2013; Apodi, 2014; and Barbalha, 2014, and based on the overall mean for oil content with the selection of 20% of the best F₆ cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) lines.

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Table 1. Individual and joint analysis of variance of the environments and heritability for oil content and other ten agronomic characters in the F₆ cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) lines cultivated in Apodi, 2013; Apodi, 2014; and Barbalha, 2014⁽¹⁾.

Source of variation⁽¹⁾	DF	Fiber	W/1BOLL	UHM	UNF	SFI	STR	ELG	MIC	MAT	CSP	Oil
	Apodi, 2013
Treatments	24	4.5**	1.4^ns	1.1^ns	1.4^ns	1.6^ns	2.3*	1.3^ns	1.8^ns	2.2*	1.2 ^ns	3.9**
Genotypes	21	4.1**	1.3^ns	0.7^ns	1.1^ns	0.9^ns	1.8^ns	1.2^ns	1.9^ns	2.3*	0.8 ^ns	4.2**
Checks	2	5.8**	2.0^ns	4.4*	4.4*	9.1**	9.1**	0.2^ns	0.2^ns	1.9^ns	6.2**	3.3^ns
Gen. x check	1	10.9**	0.3^ns	2.0^ns	1.6^ns	1.3^ns	0.1^ns	4.0^ns	1.8^ns	0.4^ns	0.001^ns	0.3^ns
Residue	24	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Overall mean	-	42.3	6.2	28.1	83.8	7.5	29.6	5.9	5.3	0.9	2,405.9	24.8
Treatments	-	42.5	6.2	28.0	83.9	7.4	29.6	5.9	5.3	0.9	2,406.2	24.9
Checks	-	41.0	6.1	28.7	83.2	7.9	29.4	5.5	5.1	0.9	2,403.7	24.6
h² (%)	-	75.8	25.9	-	11.2	-	44.0	19.3	47.4	57.1	-	75.9
CV (%)	-	2.45	7.4	4.0	1.5	11.5	5.53	8.5	6.3	1.0	10.9	4.8
	Apodi, 2014
Treatments	24	3.8**	4.6**	4.2**	3.4**	3.2**	2.8**	2.2*	1.6^ns	1.7^ns	5.9**	1.2^ns
Genotypes	21	3.6**	4.3**	4.0**	2.8**	1.6^ns	1.9^ns	2.5*	1.6^ns	1.8^ns	4.3**	1.1^ns
Checks	2	7.0**	7.0**	3.8*	6.6**	17.8**	11.2**	0.1^ns	0.2^ns	0.4^ns	12.6**	0.2^ns
Gen. x check	1	0.9^ns	4.5*	10.2**	10.1**	8.3**	5.2*	0.3^ns	3.0^ns	2.4^ns	24.9**	4.6*
Residue	24	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Overall mean	-	39.7	6.2	29.8	85.5	6.9	31.4	4.9	4.6	0.9	2,928.3	21.9
Treatments	-	39.7	6.2	30.0	85.6	6.8	31.6	4.9	4.5	0.9	2,971.5	22.1
Checks	-	39.2	6.6	28.6	84.4	7.5	30.1	4.9	4.9	0.9	2,611.3	20.7
h² (%)	-	72.4	76.9	75.1	63.7	36.6	46.8	60.1	37.9	43.2	76.8	12.6
CV (%)	-	3.0	6.0	3.3	1.0	7.5	4.9	7.3	9.9	1.3	5.7	6.6
	Barbalha, 2014
Treatments	24	6.7**	4.2**	6.8**	3.4**	12.0**	4.0**	7.6**	16.5**	7.4**	4.8**	2.0*
Genotypes	21	5.5**	3.5**	5.7**	2.5*	4.0**	2.6*	8.1**	17.6**	7.6**	2.6*	2.3*
Checks	2	20.5**	11.1**	21.8**	11.1**	82.7**	20.3**	1.5^ns	1.9^ns	3.5*	25.5**	0.04^ns
Gen. x check	1	3.8^ns	7.1*	1.2^ns	5.6*	40.7**	1.5^ns	9.4**	21.4**	10.4**	8.9**	0.6^ns
Residue	24	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Overall mean	-	40.5	6.4	29.9	85.4	6.9	30.3	5.2	4.4	0.9	2,904.2	20.1
Treatments	-	40.6	6.3	30.0	85.5	6.8	30.4	5.2	4.3	0.9	2,931.7	20.2
Checks	-	39.8	6.8	29.6	84.6	7.8	29.6	4.9	4.6	0.9	2,703.0	19.6
h² (%)	-	81.7	71.1	82.4	60.6	74.7	61.6	87.7	94.3	86.9	61.3	55.6
CV (%)	-	2.3	5.9	2.9	1.1	4.9	4.8	4.8	3.4	0.7	6.1	7.9
	Apodi, 2013; Apodi, 2014; and Barbalha, 2014
Treatments	24	10.6**	6.5**	8.0**	4.5**	7.2**	6.4**	4.3**	3.5**	5.3**	6.2**	3.1**
Genotypes	21	8.9**	5.6**	6.8**	2.6**	2.1**	3.7**	4.4**	3.8**	5.6**	3.2**	3.3**
Checks	2	28.9**	16.7**	22.7**	19.2**	54.1**	35.9**	0.6	0.6	3.0	34.6**	0.4
Groups	1	11.7**	4.8*	2.2	13.4**	19.1**	4.5*	8.6**	2.2	3.9	14.5**	4.2*
Environments	2	27.9**	1.2^ns	11.1**	22.7**	5.0*	13.9	33.6**	39.1**	22.4**	47.4**	41.7**
Treat. x env.	48	1.9**	1.4^ns	1.4^ns	1.4^ns	1.0^ns	1.3^ns	1.5^ns	1.2^ns	1.3^ns	1.5^ns	1.7*
Gen. x env.	42	2.0**	1.4^ns	1.2^ns	1.5^ns	1.0^ns	1.3^ns	1.7*	1.2^ns	1.3^ns	1.4^ns	1.8*
Check x env.	4	0.8^ns	0.7^ns	1.4^ns	0.4^ns	0.8^ns	1.7^ns	0.3^ns	0.05^ns	0.5^ns	1.2^ns	1.1^ns
Group x env.	2	1.1	2.8^ns	5.7**	0.4^ns	0.9^ns	1.0^ns	1.2^ns	3.6*	2.4^ns	4.1*	0.8^ns
Residue	72	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Overall mean	-	40.8	6.3	29.3	84.9	7.1	30.4	5.3	4.7	0.9	2,746.2	22.3
Treatments	-	40.9	6.2	29.3	85.0	7.0	30.5	5.4	4.7	0.9	2,769.8	22.4
Checks	-	40.0	6.5	28.9	84.1	7.7	29.7	5.1	4.9	0.9	2,572.7	21.6
h² (%)	-	88.7	82.1	85.4	62.2	53.3	72.7	77.4	74.0	82.1	68.3	69.6
CV (%)	-	2.6	6.4	3.4	1.2	8.6	5.1	7.2	8.5	1.0	7.5	6.4

⁽¹⁾Fiber, fiber percentage; W/1BOLL, one boll weight (g); UHM, fiber length (mm); UNF, uniformity (%); SFI, short fiber index (%); STR, resistance (gf/tex); ELG, elongation (%); MIC, micronaire index (μg pol^-1); MAT, maturity (%); CSP, spinning; and Oil, oil percentage; Gen. x checks, genotype versus check; Treat. x env., treatment versus environment; Gen. x env., genotype versus environment; Check x env., check versus environment; Group x env., group versus environment. * and **Significant by the F-test, at 5 and 1% probability, respectively. ^nsNonsignificant.

Table 2. Mean oil content of each F₆ line and check of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) in the three evaluated environments, from the joint analysis of the environments.

Genotype	Oil content (%)
Genotype	Apodi, 2013	Apodi, 2014	Barbalha, 2014	Group of environments
CNPA2011-1	26.44	22.80	17.45	22.23
CNPA2011-2	25.45	23.05	22.05	23.52
CNPA2011-3	27.59	24.20	21.75	24.51
CNPA2011-4	26.45	22.45	17.70	22.20
CNPA2011-5	27.57	22.40	21.45	23.81
CNPA2011-6	25.05	23.10	17.95	22.03
CNPA2011-7	22.99	21.95	20.00	21.65
CNPA2011-8	25.27	22.65	22.45	23.46
CNPA2011-9	25.79	22.65	20.30	22.91
CNPA2011-10	23.24	23.40	20.85	22.50
CNPA2011-11	26.54	22.00	19.00	22.51
CNPA2011-12	23.74	20.40	21.40	21.85
CNPA2011-13	25.03	21.60	22.55	23.06
CNPA2011-14	25.24	22.85	22.60	23.56
CNPA2011-15	22.37	21.35	19.55	21.09
CNPA2011-16	22.77	22.20	19.30	21.42
CNPA2011-17	21.67	21.65	20.10	21.14
CNPA2011-18	23.44	20.15	19.35	20.98
CNPA2011-19	23.32	20.10	17.00	20.14
CNPA2011-20	24.69	23.35	19.05	22.36
CNPA2011-21	26.87	21.05	20.65	22.86
CNPA2011-22	25.42	20.85	21.40	22.56
'BRS Aroeira'	25.93	20.40	19.80	22.04
V3	24.80	20.50	19.40	21.57
C-300-91	22.93	21.30	19.75	21.33

Table 3 Genetic parameter estimates for the F₆ cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) lines in the three evaluated environments⁽¹⁾.

Environment	h² (%)	CVg (%)	CVg/ CVe
Apodi, 2013	75.9	5.98	1.3	2.91	0.7	2.21	-
Apodi, 2014	12.6	1.78	0.3	1.23	1.07	0.16	-
Barbalha, 2014	55.6	6.31	0.8	2.91	1.29	1.62	-
Group of environments	69.6	3.95	0.6	1.12	2.04	0.78	0.55

⁽¹⁾h², heritability based on the mean of the progenies; CVg, coefficient of genetic variation; CVg/CVe, ratio between the coefficients of genetic and environmental variation; , phenotypic variance for means; environmental variance for means; , genotypic variance for means; and , variance due to the interaction between genotypes and environments.

Table 4. Genetic correlations between oil content and other ten agronomic characters related to yield and fiber quality, from the F₆ cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) lines, in the three evaluated environments.

Character⁽¹⁾	Phenotypic correlation			Genotypic correlation			Correlation of environments
Character⁽¹⁾	Apodi, 2013	Apodi, 2014	Barbalha, 2014	Apodi, 2013	Apodi, 2014	Barbalha, 2014	Apodi, 2013	Apodi, 2014	Barbalha, 2014
Fiber	0.20^ns	-0.02^ns	-0.27^ns	0.37^ns	-1.15^ns	-0.26^ns	-0.30^ns	0.15^ns	-0.33^ns
W/1BOLLL	0.24^ns	-0.22^ns	0.37^ns	0.08^ns	-3.64^ns	0.70^ns	0.45*	0.21^ns	-0.18^ns
UHM	0.18^ns	0.05^ns	0.29^ns	-	0.25^ns	0.50^ns	0.30^ns	0.06^ns	-0.12^ns
UNF	0.33^ns	0.15^ns	-0.28^ns	0.23^ns	0.67^ns	-0.21^ns	0.51*	0.15^ns	-0.40^ns
SFI	-0.32^ns	-0.25^ns	0.12^ns	-0.23^ns	1.48^ns	0.07^ns	-0.49*	-0.39^ns	0.21^ns
STR	0.31^ns	0.13^ns	-0.16^ns	0.33^ns	1.27^ns	-0.02^ns	0.33^ns	0.06^ns	-0.35^ns
ELG	0.09^ns	-0.15^ns	-0.31^ns	0.14^ns	0.11^ns	-0.50^ns	0.08^ns	-0.25^ns	0.10^ns
MIC	0.29^ns	-0.09^ns	0.22^ns	0.50^ns	-0.60^ns	0.25^ns	0.04^ns	-0.07^ns	0.27^ns
MAT	0.27^ns	-0.03^ns	0.26^ns	0.46^ns	-0.22^ns	0.45^ns	-0.06^ns	-0.02^ns	-0.12^ns
CSP	0.29^ns	0.16^ns	-0.22^ns	-	0.81^ns	-0.06^ns	0.42^ns	0.17^ns	-0.46*

⁽¹⁾Fiber, fiber percentage; W/1BOLL, one boll weight (g); UHM, fiber length (mm); UNF, uniformity (%); SFI, short fiber index (%); STR, resistance (gf/tex); ELG, elongation (%); MIC, micronaire index (μg pol^-1); MAT, maturity (%); and CSP, spinning. *Significant by the t-test, at 5% probability. ^nsNonsignificant by the t-test.

Table 5. Prediction of the genetic gain with the selection of 20% of the best cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) lines for oil content in each environment and based on the overall mean of the environments for the population of 22 F₆ lines and the means of the selected lines.

Character⁽¹⁾	X _o	X _s	h² (%)	GS	GS (%)
Apodi, 2013	24.86	27.14	72.79	1.66	6.68
Selected lines and respective means	CNPA2011-3	CNPA2011-5	CNPA2011-21	CNPA2011-11	-
Oil percentage	27.59	27.57	26.87	26.54	-
Apodi, 2014	22.10	23.51	0.98	0.014	0.06
Selected lines and respective means	CNPA2011-3	CNPA2011-10	CNPA2011-20	CNPA2011-6	-
Oil percentage	24.20	23.40	23.35	23.10	-
Barbalha, 2014	20.18	22.41	52.21	1.17	5.78
Selected lines and respective means	CNPA2011-14	CNPA2011-13	CNPA2011-8	CNPA2011-2	-
Oil percentage	22.60	22.55	22.45	22.05	-
Group of environments	22.38	23.85	69.64	1.02	4.58
Selected lines and respective means	CNPA2011-3	CNPA2011-5	CNPA2011-14	CNPA2011-2	-
Oil percentage	24.51	23.81	23.56	23.52	4.58
Fiber percentage	40.78	41.70	40.57	41.67	0.56
W/1BOLL	5.98	6.25	6.08	7.30	2.11
UHM	29.55	29.42	30.45	28.18	0.26
UNF	85.22	85.43	83.73	84.92	-0.14
SFI	6.90	6.85	7.52	6.85	-0.01
STR	30.17	33.03	30.37	31.68	1.87
ELG	5.30	5.52	5.23	5.33	-0.29
MIC	4.57	4.65	4.23	5.05	-1.52
MAT	0.88	0.88	0.87	0.89	-0.16
CSP	2816.33	2985.83	2796.17	2692.17	1.3

⁽¹⁾W/1BOLL, one boll weight (g); UHM, fiber length (mm); UNF, uniformity (%); SFI, short fiber index (%); STR, resistance (gf/tex); ELG, elongation (%); MIC, micronaire index (μg pol^-1); MAT, maturity (%); and CSP, spinning X_o., original mean; X_s , mean of the selected individuals; h², heritability based on the mean of the progenies; and GS, gain with selection.

Table 6 Direct and indirect percentage gains with selection in Apodi, 2013; Apodi, 2014; and Barbalha, 2014, and based on the overall mean for oil content with the selection of 20% of the best F₆ cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) lines.

Character⁽¹⁾	Genetic gain (%)
Character⁽¹⁾	Apodi, 2013	Apodi, 2014	Barbalha, 2014	Overall mean
Fiber percentage	-0.71	-0.54	-0.48	0.56
W/1BOLL	0.65	-3.42	2.12	2.11
UHM	0.0	1.91	1.12	0.26
UNF	0.35	0.3	-0.25	-0.14
SFI	-2.22	-1.19	1.45	-0.01
STR	1.39	-0.21	-0.11	1.87
ELG	0.22	0.64	-1.84	-0.29
MIC	1.91	-1.97	0.89	-1.52
MAT	0.45	-0.29	0.22	-0.16
CSP	0.0	3.54	-0.53	1.3
Oil percentage	6.68	0.06	5.78	4.58
Total IG	2.04	-1.23	2.59	3.98
Total IG + DG	8.72	-1.17	8.37	8.56

⁽¹⁾W/1BOLL, one boll weight (g); UHM, fiber length (mm); UNF, uniformity (%); SFI, short fiber index (%); STR, resistance (gf/tex); ELG, elongation (%); MIC, micronaire index (μg pol-1); MAT, maturity (%); and CSP, spinning. Total IG, sum of indirect gains with selection based on oil content; and Total IG + DG, sum of direct and indirect gains with selection based on oil content.

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Selection of cotton lines for high oil content

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[TFN1] ⁽¹⁾Fiber, fiber percentage; W/1BOLL, one boll weight (g); UHM, fiber length (mm); UNF, uniformity (%); SFI, short fiber index (%); STR, resistance (gf/tex); ELG, elongation (%); MIC, micronaire index (μg pol^-1); MAT, maturity (%); CSP, spinning; and Oil, oil percentage; Gen. x checks, genotype versus check; Treat. x env., treatment versus environment; Gen. x env., genotype versus environment; Check x env., check versus environment; Group x env., group versus environment. * and **Significant by the F-test, at 5 and 1% probability, respectively. ^nsNonsignificant.