Photosynthetic material remobilization and its contribution to barley yield

Ravan, Mohammad Saleh; Karizaki, Ali Rahemi; Biabani, Abbas; Moghaddam, Ali Nakhzari; Alamdari, Ebrahim Gholamalipour

doi:10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2022.v57.02968

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Crop Science, Original Article • Pesq. agropec. bras. 57 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2022.v57.02968 copy

Photosynthetic material remobilization and its contribution to barley yield

Remobilização de material fotossintético e sua contribuição para a produtividade de cevada

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of seed rate, genetics, and environmental conditions on the remobilization of stored material from vegetative organs, as well as the contribution of this material to barley (Hordeum vulgare) grain yield. The experiment was carried out in a factorial randomized complete block design with four replicates, in the city of Gonbad Kavous, Iran, in 2016–2017 and 2017–2018 crop seasons. Two factors were evaluated: four seed rates (200, 300, 400, and 500 seed per square meters) and four barley genotypes ('Fardan', 'Khorram', 'Mahoor', and 'Sahra'). Material remobilization with an increasing seed rate per square meter contributed to barley grain yield, especially in the first year, when rainfall was lower. The highest and lowest contribution of remobilization to barley grain yield are related to the penultimate leaf and the flag leaf, respectively. In both years, 'Khorram' and 'Mahoor' genotypes show the highest and the lowest rates for reduction in grain yield, respectively, due to the increased seed rate per square meter.

Index terms:
Hordeum vulgare ; environmental conditions; flag leaf; peduncle

Year	OC (%)	TNV (%)	pH	EC (ds m^-1)	Total N (%)	P_ava (ppm)	K_ava (ppm)	Clay (g kg^-1)	Silt (g kg^-1)	Sand (g kg^-1)
2016–2017	1.29	9.5	7.5	0.94	0.13	9.2	807	180	700	120
2017–2018	0.68	9.8	7.9	1.19	0.12	13.4	356	150	640	210
OC, organic carbon; TNV, total neutralizing value; EC, electrical conductivity; P_ava, available phosphorus; K_ava, available potassium.

Source of variation	DF	Mean square
Source of variation	DF	FLR	PLR	PR	PNR	FLRC	PLRC	PRC	PNRC	GY
		2016–20017 crop season
Block	2	1.78^ns	12.38^ns	4.29^ns	5.86^ns	0.15^ns	0.59^ns	0.26^ns	0.04^ns	2097.93^ns
Seed rate (D)	3	187.81**	1424.91**	561.33**	561.33**	9.89**	82.16**	253.69**	237.4**	1081.81**
Cultivar (C)	3	24.96**	69.25**	131.21**	1733.67**	40.26**	54.87**	496.99**	395.52**	13885.5**
D×C	9	100.65**	253.59**	1049.48**	1423.9**	20.0**	89.54**	368.41**	306.17**	6683.96**
Error	30	32.62	116.73	705.97	547.53	3.69	15.95	53.59	33.59	66020.22
CV (%)		17.44	14.5	14.49	12.32	16.87	15.39	11.35	8.77	10.81
		2017–2018 crop season
Block	2	1.87^ns	30.52**	15.65^ns	16.47^ns	0.26^ns	1.93*	1.33^ns	2.2^ns	2770.14^ns
Seed rate (D)	3	568.72**	730.49**	2022.25**	4440.04**	12.37**	13.79**	78.34**	78.86**	31963.31**
Cultivar (C)	3	621.67**	556.31**	682.78**	110.08**	8.83**	19.23**	149.79**	115.0**	27879.85**
D×C	9	362.96**	311.84**	1501.03**	3429.54**	14.24**	26.93**	136.51**	288.9**	12293.68**
Error	30	52.08	58.7	93.481	215.61	4.11	7.65	11.79	21.34	99180.89
CV (%)		13.1	9.5	11.51	15.58	14.01	12.31	13.7	17.24	11.81

Year	Cultivar	Character	n	a ± se	b ± se	R²
2016-2017	Fardan	Yield	4	420±44	-0.24±0.12	0.84*
	Khorram		4	498±75	-0.44±0.2	0.85*
	Mahoor		4	443±37	-0.14±0.1	0.75*
	Sahra		4	401±13	-0.15±0.03	0.94*
	Fardan	Remobilization from the fag leaf	4	-3.41±1.58	0.019±0.004	0.90**
	Khorram		4	-3.4±2.96	0.033±0.008	0.90**
	Mahoor		4	0.7±0.78	0.009±0.002	0.91**
	Sahra		4	2.32±0.6	0.015±0.001	0.98**
	Fardan	Contribution of remobilization from the fag leaf to grain yield	4	-0.79±0.45	0.006±0.001	0.91**
	Khorram		4	0.33±0.64	0.008±0.00	0.91**
	Mahoor		4	1.66±0.25	0.001±0.00	0.72**
	Sahra		4	-0.16±1.59	0.012±0.004	0.80**
	Fardan	Remobilization from the penultimate leaf	4	-3.11±2.02	0.045±0.005	0.97**
	Khorram		4	-2.65±4.01	0.049±0.01	0.91**
	Mahoor		4	-7.01±6.78	0.062±0.018	0.85**
	Sahra		4	-4.92±3.05	0.042±0.008	0.93**
	Fardan	Contribution of remobilization from penultimate leaf to grain yield	4	-0.92±0.96	0.017±0.002	0.96**
	Khorram		4	-1.58±1.51	0.02±0.004	0.92**
	Mahoor		4	1.48±1.63	0.017±0.004	0.88**
	Sahra		4	1.34±0.98	0.01±0.002	0.88**
2017-2018	Fardan	Yield	4	429±52	-0.15±0.14	0.69*
	Khorram		4	699±59	-0.77±0.16	0.96*
	Mahoor		4	502±44	-0.15±0.12	0.73*
	Sahra		4	449±12	-0.17±0.03	0.96*
	Fardan	Remobilization from the fag leaf	4	-3.09±2.84	0.034±0.007	0.91**
	Khorram		4	-1.61±1.55	0.029±0.004	0.96**
	Mahoor		4	-2.7±2.42	0.021±0.006	0.84**
	Sahra		4	0.23±2.05	0.036±0.005	0.96**
	Fardan	Contribution of remobilization from the fag leaf to grain yield	4	0.82±0.22	0.007±0.00	0.98**
	Khorram		4	1.12±0.32	0.006±0.00	0.96**
	Mahoor		4	0.46±0.75	0.003±0.002	0.60**
	Sahra		4	2±0.16	0.003±0.00	0.90**
	Fardan	Remobilization from the penultimate leaf	4	-3.7±5.24	0.046±0.014	0.84**
	Khorram		4	-6.45±2.63	0.057±0.007	0.97**
	Mahoor		4	-6.47±2.2	0.043±0.006	0.96**
	Sahra		4	1.14±1.1	0.036±0.003	0.99**
	Fardan	Contribution of remobilization from the penultimate leaf to grain yield	4	2.38±0.9	0.005±0.002	0.69**
	Khorram		4	0.87±1.37	0.013±0.004	0.86**
	Mahoor		4	0.56±0.84	0.007±0.002	0.84**
	Sahra		4	2.05±0.25	0.003±0.00	0.92**
2016–2017	Fardan	Remobilization from the peduncle	4	-1.48±1.12	0.093±0.003	0.99**
	Khorram		4	3.54±3.89	0.1±0.01	0.98**
	Mahoor		4	-13.43±11.32	0.15±0.031	0.92**
	Sahra		4	2.59±6.45	0.086±0.017	0.92**
	Fardan	Contribution of remobilization from the peduncle to grain yield	4	5.63±2.79	0.021±0.007	0.79**
	Khorram		4	4.89±5.27	0.033±0.014	0.73**
	Mahoor		4	1.01±4.51	0.062±0.012	0.93**
	Sahra		4	6.89±3.67	0.028±0.01	0.79**
	Fardan	Remobilization from the penultimate	4	-0.32±6.58	0.096±0.018	0.93**
	Khorram		4	-13.35±4.34	0.124±0.012	0.98**
	Mahoor		4	-11.65±7.21	0.613±0.02	0.96**
	Sahra		4	1.53±4.93	0.069±0.013	0.93**
	Fardan	Contribution of remobilization from the penultimate to grain yield	4	6.14±1.15	0.023±0.003	0.96**
	Khorram		4	-1.56±2.02	0.044±0.005	0.97**
	Mahoor		4	-2.14±2.71	0.064±0.007	0.97**
	Sahra		4	5.85±4.23	0.023±0.011	0.67**
2017–2018	Fardan	Remobilization from the peduncle	4	-3.94±7.62	0.045±0.021	0.70**
	Khorram		4	-11.92±8.38	0.099±0.022	0.90**
	Mahoor		4	-10.66±6.49	0.083±0.018	0.92**
	Sahra		4	-12.43±7.77	0.078±0.021	0.87**
	Fardan	Contribution of remobilization from the peduncle to grain yield	4	0.64±0.5	0.008±0.001	0.95**
	Khorram		4	0.68±0.74	0.023±0.002	0.98**
	Mahoor		4	1.38±1.82	0.014±0.005	0.80**
	Sahra		4	-0.66±0.42	0.012±0.001	0.98**
	Fardan	Remobilization from the penultimate	4	-16.13±8.88	0.107±0.024	0.91**
	Khorram		4	-24.45±6.7	0.127±0.018	0.96**
	Mahoor		4	-10.59±4.68	0.096±0.013	0.97**
	Sahra		4	-16.5±5.78	0.098±0.016	0.95**
	Fardan	Contribution of remobilization from the penultimate to grain yield	4	-0.1±1.44	0.02±0.004	0.93**
	Khorram		4	-5.13±2.5	0.037±0.007	0.94**
	Mahoor		4	5.29±1.46	0.01±0.004	0.75**
	Sahra		4	-0.31±0.23	0.011±0.00	0.99**

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[1] Corresponding author alirahemi@yahoo.com