Relações Entre a Autoeficácia e o Esporte de Rendimento: Uma Revisão Sistemática

Aizava, Paulo Vitor Suto; Oliveira, Igor Fabricio dos Santos; Oliveira, Daniel Vicentini de; Garcia, William Fernando; Fiorese, Lenamar

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Sumário

Psychological Evaluation • Paidéia (Ribeirão Preto) 34 • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-4327e3412 copiar

Relações Entre a Autoeficácia e o Esporte de Rendimento: Uma Revisão Sistemática

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Resumo

A autoeficácia é definida como as crenças das pessoas em suas próprias capacidades para alcançar algo. O objetivo foi revisar sistematicamente a literatura sobre as variáveis psicológicas associadas a autoeficácia no esporte. As buscas foram conduzidas em seis bases eletrônicas: LILACS, PubMed, SciELO, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science e Scopus, considerando os pressupostos da Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). A análise de conteúdo dos 29 artigos incluídos, permitiu identificar 3 grupos de investigação: variáveis psicológicas (n = 31; 72,1%), desempenho (n = 7; 13,3%) e demais variáveis (n = 5; 11,6%). Houve uma predominância de estudos quantitativos transversais (72,4%; n = 21). O instrumento mais utilizado foi a Escala de Autoeficácia Geral Percebida (EAGP) com 13 (44,8%) artigos do total. Em 7 (24,1%) artigos foram desenvolvidas questões específicas para o estudo. Conclui-se que a autoeficácia é uma variável amplamente estudada, porém há uma escassez de instrumentos específicos no contexto brasileiro do esporte de rendimento.

Palavras-chave:
atletas; desempenho atlético; psicologia do esporte

Study	Instruments	Sample	Sport
Zoljanahi et al. (2018Zoljanahi, E., Mohammadi-Nezhad, M., Sadeghpour Gilde, B., & Taheri, H. R. (2018). Investigating sport attributional style, sport self-efficacy, and creativity in elite team athletes. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 12(3), e7860. https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpbs.7860 https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpbs.7860... )	Sport confidence questionnaire; Creativity questionnaire; sport attributional style scale	2,853 elite athletes (863 women and 1,990 men)	Basketball, soccer, and handball
Castro et al. (2018Castro, D. S., Cerdas, D. A., Barrantes-Brais, K., Bonilla, P. U., & Ureña, B. S. (2018). Autoeficacia, ansiedad precompetitiva y percepción del rendimiento en jugadores de fútbol categorías sub 17 y juvenil [Self-Efficacy, precompetitive anxiety and self-perception of performance in under 17 and juvenile soccer players]. MHSalud, 15(2), 36-54. https://dx.doi.org/10.15359/mhs.15-2.3 https://dx.doi.org/10.15359/mhs.15-2.3... )	General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE); Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 Revised (CSAI-2R); Self-efficacy in soccer; Performance perception	32 athletes	Soccer
Anstiss et al. (2018Anstiss, P. A., Meijen, C., Madigan, D. J., & Marcora, S. M. (2018). Development and initial validation of the Endurance Sport Self-Efficacy Scale (ESSES). Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 38, 176-183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2018.06.015 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.201... )	Endurance Sport Self-Efficacy Scale (ESSES) (validation); General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE); Coping Self-Efficacy Scale (CSES); Barriers to Training Self-Efficacy Scale (BTSES); Athletic Coping Skills Inventory-28 (ACSI-28)	343 endurance athletes (233 men and 108 women)	Running, rowing, cycling, triathlon, swimmers, cross country skiing, and race walking
Walter et al. (2019Walter, N., Nikoleizig, L., & Alfermann, D. (2019). Effects of self-talk training on competitive anxiety, self-efficacy, volitional skills, and performance: An intervention study with Junior Sub-Elite Athletes. Sports, 7(6), 148. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports7060148 https://doi.org/10.3390/sports7060148... )	Competitive Anxiety Inventory State (WAI-S); Competitive Anxiety Inventory Trait scales (WAI-T); Volitional Components Questionnaire Sport (VCQ-Sport); General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE); Performance analysis	117 athletes (55 women and 62 men)	Canoeing, rhythmic gymnastics, swimming, wrestling, ice hockey, handball, and volleyball
Reigal et al. (2019Reigal, R. E, Vázquez-Diz, J.A, Morillo-Baro, J. P, Hernández-Mendo, A., Morales-Sánchez, V (2019). Psychological Profile, Competitive Anxiety, Moods and Self-Efficacy in Beach Handball Players. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 17(1). doi: 10.3390/ijerph17010241. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17010241... )	Sport Performance Psychological Inventory (SPPI); Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2); Profile of Mood States Questionnaire (POMS); General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE)	181 athletes (95 men and 86 women)	Beach handball
Nogueira et al. (2019Nogueira, F. C. A., Bara, M. G., & Lourenço, L. M. (2019). Application of IZOF model for anxiety and self-efficacy in volleyball athletes: A case study. Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte, 25(4), 338-343. https://doi.org/10.1590/1517-869220192504211038 https://doi.org/10.1590/1517-86922019250... )	CSAI-2R; Individual Self-Efficacy Scale for Volleyball; Scouts evaluating performance; Optimal Operating Zone (OOZ)	7 athletes	Volleyball
Dirmanchi e Khanjani (2019Dirmanchi, N., & Khanjani, M. S. (2019). Comparison of resilience and self-efficacy in athletes and non-athletes with disabilities caused by spinal cord injury. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, 25(2), 150-163. https://doi.org/10.32598/ijpep.25.2.150 https://doi.org/10.32598/ijpep.25.2.150... )	Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-Risc); General Self-efficacy questionnaire	60 athletes with spinal cord injury and 200 non-athletes, patients who developed the injury	Unspecified
Chen et al. (2019Chen, X., Zhang, G., Yin, X., Li, Y., Cao, G., Gutiérrez-García, C., & Guo, L. (2019). The relationship between self-efficacy and aggressive behavior in boxers: The mediating role of self-control. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 212. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00212 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00212... )	Self-efficacy scale; Self-Control Questionnaire for Athletes; Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire	414 boxers (243 men and 171 women)	Boxing
Leonardi et al. (2019Leonardi, T. J., Martins, M. C. S., Gonçalves, C. E. B., Paes, R. R., & Carvalho, H. J. G. M. (2019). Changes in tactical performance and self-efficacy on young female basketball players. Revista Brasileira de Cineantropometria & Desempenho Humano, 21, e60180. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-0037.2019v21e60180 https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-0037.2019v2... )	Self-Efficacy General Scale; Game Performance Assessment Instrument (GPAI); Team Sport Assessment Procedure (TSAP)	30 athletes	Basketball

INDICATORS ASSOCIATED WITH PERCEIVED SELF-EFFICACY		Frequency of variables in studies f (%)
Group 1 (Psychological)	Anxiety	10 (15.4)
	Motivation	3 (4.6)
	Coping	3 (4.6)
	Attribution	2 (3.1)
	Self-esteem	2 (3.1)
	Flow	2 (3.1)
	Resilience	2 (3.1)
	Affection	2 (3.1)
	Other variables*	27 (40.5)
Group 2 (Physical)	Performance Assessment/Analysis	4 (6.2)
	Self-efficacy of physical abilities	1 (1.5)
	Expected result	1 (1.5)
	Physiological and anthropometric measurements	1 (1.5)
	Performance Perception	1 (1.5)
	Skill Test	1 (1.5)
Group 3	Demographics	3 (4.6)
Group 3	(Other variables)	1 (1.5)
	TOTAL	65 (100)

Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia Av.Bandeirantes 3900 - Monte Alegre, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto - São Paulo - Brasil, Tel.: (55 16) 3315-3829 - Ribeirão Preto - SP - Brazil
E-mail: paideia@usp.br

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[1] Correspondence address: Igor Fabricio dos Santos Oliveira. Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Av. Colombo, 5790 - Zona 7, Maringá-PR, Brazil. CEP 87.020-900. E-mail: Igor1515fabricio@gmail.com