Substance Use Disorder Among Bereaved Individuals: A Systematic Review

Andrade, André Luiz Monezi; Scatena, Adriana; Lavezzo, Beatriz de Oliveira; Reichert, Richard Alecsander; De Micheli, Denise; Lopes, Fernanda Machado

doi:10.1590/1982-4327e3308

André Luiz Monezi Andrade

conception and design of this study

data analysis and interpretation

the manuscript revision

approval of the final version

assumes public responsibility for content of the manuscript

Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas, Campinas-SP, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0111-8935

Adriana Scatena

conception and design of this study

data analysis and interpretation

the manuscript revision

approval of the final version

assumes public responsibility for content of the manuscript

Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo-SP, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4034-1251

Beatriz de Oliveira Lavezzo

conception and design of this study

data analysis and interpretation

the manuscript revision

approval of the final version

assumes public responsibility for content of the manuscript

Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Itajaí-SC, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0420-3385

Richard Alecsander Reichert

conception and design of this study

data analysis and interpretation

the manuscript revision

approval of the final version

assumes public responsibility for content of the manuscript

Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo-SP, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0479-3437

Denise De Micheli

conception and design of this study

data analysis and interpretation

the manuscript revision

approval of the final version

assumes public responsibility for content of the manuscript

Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo-SP, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8546-4354

Fernanda Machado Lopes

conception and design of this study

data analysis and interpretation

the manuscript revision

approval of the final version

assumes public responsibility for content of the manuscript

Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis-SC, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4853-7670

Correspondence address: André Luiz Monezi Andrade. Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas. Rua John Boyd Dunlop st, S/N, Jardim Ipajussara, Campinas-SP, Brazil. CEP 13.034-685. Email: andre.andrade@puc-campinas.edu.br.

André Luiz Monezi Andrade is a Professor at the Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas, Campinas-SP, Brazil.

Adriana Scatena is a Researcher at the Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo-SP, Brazil.

Beatriz de Oliveira Lavezzo is a Researcher at the Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Itajaí-SC, Brazil.

Richard Alecsander Reichert is a Researcher at the Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo-SP, Brazil.

Denise De Micheli is a Professor at the Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo-SP, Brazil.

Fernanda Machado Lopes is a Professor at the Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis-SC, Brazil.

Associate editor:

Susana Maria Gonçalves Coimbra

Database	String	Exported articles
BVS	(bereave* OR Prolonged-Grief OR mourning OR grief) AND (Substance-Abuse OR Substance-Addiction OR Substance-Misuse OR problematic substance use OR Drug addiction) AND (prospective OR longitudinal OR cross sectional)	45
EBSCO	(bereave* OR Prolonged-Grief OR mourning OR grief) AND (Substance-Abuse OR Substance-Addiction OR Substance-Misuse OR problematic substance use OR Drug addiction) AND (prospective OR longitudinal OR cross sectional)	124
PSYCNET	Any Field: (bereave* OR Prolonged-Grief OR mourning OR grief) AND (Substance-Abuse OR Substance-Addiction OR Substance-Misuse OR problematic substance use OR Drug addiction) AND (Any Field: prospective OR Any Field: longitudinal OR cross sectional)	218
SCOPUS	((bereave* OR Prolonged-Grief OR mourning OR grief) AND (Substance-Abuse OR Substance-Addiction OR Substance-Misuse OR problematic substance use OR Drug addiction) AND (prospective OR longitudinal OR cross sectional))	352
WEB OF SCIENCE	((bereave* OR Prolonged-Grief OR mourning OR grief) AND (Substance-Abuse OR Substance-Addiction OR Substance-Misuse OR problematic substance use OR Drug addiction) AND (prospective OR longitudinal OR cross sectional))	159
PUBMED	(bereave* OR Prolonged-Grief OR mourning OR grief) AND (Substance-Abuse OR Substance-Addiction OR Substance-Misuse OR problematic substance use OR Drug addiction) AND (prospective OR longitudinal OR cross sectional)	349
	TOTAL	1,247

Author(s)	Year	Database	DOI/URL	Reviewers
Author(s)	Year	Database	DOI/URL	R1	R2	R3
Orzack & Orzack	1999	PubMed	10.1089/cpb.1999.2.465	ME	ME	OB
Young	2007	PubMed	10.1089/cpb.2007.9971	ME	ME	ME
Ge et al.	2011	Scopus	10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2011.26.007	ME	ME	ME
Park & Kim	2011	EBSCO	10.4040/jkan.2011.41.5.694	LA	LA	LA
Su et al.	2011	PubMed	https://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-LNZY201103066.htm	ME	ME	ME
Young	2011	EBSCO	10.1891/0889-8391.25.4.304	ME	ME	ME
Lee	2014	PubMed	10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.11.016	ME	ME	ME
Masferrer & Caparros	2014	Scopus	10.3109/14659891.2014.998733	OB	OB	OB
Gámez-Guadix et al.	2015*	PubMed	10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.09.009	ME	OB	ME
Liu et al.	2015	EBSCO	10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.10.021	ME	ME	ME
Probst et al.	2015	Scopus	10.1186/s13011-015-0028-z	OB	OB	OB
O’Brien et al.	2016	PubMed/WOS	10.1080/23761407.2015.1086713	ME	ME	ME
Lai et al.	2017	PubMed	10.1080/09638237.2017.1294745	ME	ME	ME
Shadbad	2017	Scopus	10.5958/0976-5506.2017.00311.4	AB	AB	AB
Goslar	2018	EBSCO	10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.11.256	AB	AB	AB
Rad & Ahmadi	2018	WOS	10.1111/appy.12330	OB	OB	OB
Yang & Kim	2018	PubMed	10.1111/phn.12394	ME	ME	OB
Wolfling et al.	2019	PubMed	10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.1676	OB	OB	OB
Karapetsas et al.	2020	WOS	10.1097/ADT.0000000000000182	ME	ME	ME

No.	Author(s)	Year	Countries	Methodological design	Sample size	Age group
1	Brent et al.	2009	United States	Experimental and cross-sectional	n = 344	7-25 years old
					CG = 168
					EG = 176
2	Byrne et al.	1999	Australia	Experimental and cross-sectional	n = 114	65-75 years old
					CG = 57
					EG = 57
3	Carr	2020	United States	Exploratory	n = 164	> 65 years old
4	Gayman et al.	2016	United States	Exploratory	n = 1,747	Multiple deaths
5	Grimby et al.	2009	Sweden	Exploratory	n = 1,053	> 65 and < 65
6	Hamdan et al.	2013	United States	Experimental and longitudinal	n = 413	7-25 years old
					CG = 178
					EG = 235
7	Høeg et al.	2017	Denmark	Experimental and longitudinal	n = 3,654	5-36 years old
					CG = 1,853
					CG = 1,801
8	Horton et al.	2018	United States	Exploratory	n = 104	Mean 35.1
9	Kaplow et al.	2010	United States	Experimental and longitudinal	n = 407	11-21 years old
					CG = 172
					EG = 235
10	Liew	2011	United States	Exploratory	n = 2,723	> 65 years old
11	Lysell et al.	2016	Sweden	Experimental and longitudinal	n = 494	12-37 years old
12	Masferrer et al.	2015	Spain	Exploratory	n = 196	18-37 years old
13	Masferrer et al.	2017	Spain	Experimental and cross-sectional	n = 296	18-37 years old
					CG = 100
					EG = 196
14	McDevitt-Murphy et al.	2021	United States	Exploratory	n = 57	19-71 years old
15	Pilling et al.	2012	Hungary	Experimental and longitudinal	n = 4,457	18-75 years old
16	Pitman et al.	2020	United Kingdom	Experimental	n = 1,854	18-40 years old
17	Vance et al.	1994	Australia	Longitudinal	n = 457	Unspecified

No.	Sample characteristics	Context of grief	Main results
1	Parental loss	Traumatic death	Young people who lost a parent, mainly by suicide, are more vulnerable to depression and excessive use of alcohol or other substances during the second year after the loss.
2	Older adults	Widowhood	Risky alcohol use was detected primarily among older widowers, but was not significantly associated with their levels of self-reported grief or psychological distress.
3	Older adults	Widowhood	Increased alcohol use in widowers.
4	Young people and adults	Multiple deaths	Increased substance abuse was significantly associated with multiple deaths.
5	Young people and adults	Widowhood	About 30% of the widows reported drinking alcohol to relieve their pain.
6	Parental loss	Unspecified	Bereaved young people had a higher risk of drug abuse compared with non-bereaved young people. This increase was particularly more intense among adolescent boys with behavioral problems.
7	Parental loss	Unspecified	Drug use, lack of interest, and emotional alteration were significantly higher among bereaved individuals compared with non-bereaved individuals.
8	Individuals who use substances	Traumatic death	The premature or traumatic death of a family member was significantly associated with substance use among other family members.
9	Young people	Unspecified	Bereaved young people were more susceptible to symptoms of separation anxiety, depression, and substance abuse than non-bereaved young people.
10	Older adults	Widowhood	Bereaved men had greater difficulty in overcoming the transitional process associated with widowhood and a greater likelihood of substance use recurrence.
11	Children with maternal loss	Traumatic death	Traumatic maternal grief had a significant association with children’s later life, especially among young people under 18 years of age, increasing pre-disposition to substance use.
12	Individuals who use substances	Unspecified	A total of 83.2% of the participants increased their drug use after the loss.
13	Adults	Complicated grief	Individuals with complicated grief had a greater increase in drug use compared with individuals with uncomplicated grief.
14	Mothers of African-Americans	Traumatic death	The loss of a dear person by homicide was associated with considerable distress in the form of post-traumatic stress disorder, complicated grief, and alcohol abuse.
15	Bereaved individuals	Unspecified	The frequency of men clinically at risk for alcohol use among non-bereaved individuals was 12.9% and among men in the grieving process for one year was 18.4% (a non-significant difference).
16	Adults	Traumatic death	Individuals bereaved by suicide had a significant Increase in substance use compared with individuals bereaved by natural causes.
17	Adults	Neonatal death	Parents who lost newborn children had a higher prevalence of alcohol and tranquilizer medication use.

[1] Correspondence address: André Luiz Monezi Andrade. Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas. Rua John Boyd Dunlop st, S/N, Jardim Ipajussara, Campinas-SP, Brazil. CEP 13.034-685. Email: andre.andrade@puc-campinas.edu.br.

Brasil

Brasil

Substance Use Disorder Among Bereaved Individuals: A Systematic Review

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Abstract