Temporal Stability of the Zulliger Test in Brazilian Adults

Grazziotin, Jucelaine Bier Di Domenico; Tognon, Alexandre Pereira; Scortegagna, Silvana Alba

doi:10.1590/1982-4327e3304

Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

Brasil

Español English

sumário « anterior atual seguinte »

Sumário

Psychological Evaluation • Paidéia (Ribeirão Preto) 33 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-4327e3304 copy

Temporal Stability of the Zulliger Test in Brazilian Adults

Estabilidade Temporal do Teste de Zulliger em Adultos Brasileiros

Estabilidad Temporal del Test de Zulliger en Adultos Brasileños

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The reliability of a test obtained over time is an indispensable measure to ensure the use of the instrument. This study aims to explore the temporal stability of the Zulliger test in Brazilian adults. A total of 20 participants, aged 18 to 59 years, answered a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Zulliger in Comprehensive System (ZCS). Data collection took place from 2009 to 2019 (Test) and in 2021 (Retest). ANOVA did not show differences between the values of 90 (99%) ZCS variables analyzed between test and retest; 68% of the variables showed agreement between 0.40 and 1.00, and 18%. Reflex responses; human movement, animal movement; weighted sum of color responses; sum of animal+inanimate movements; mixed determinants; art and clouds contents; Responses to card I; felt stimulation; cooperative movement; sum of critical special codes; degree of control and stress tolerance denoted high and excellent stability levels intraclass correlation coeficiente (ICC≥0,70). The ZCS demonstrates temporal stability, reliability, and psychometric properties that support its safe use.

Keywords:
test validity; longitudinal studies; projective technique; psychological assessment; test reliability

ZCS variables	Test (n=20)		Retest (n=20)		Difference* (95%CI)	ANOVA p	ICC (Difference 95%)	Agreement
ZCS variables	M	SD	M	SD	Difference* (95%CI)	ANOVA p	ICC (Difference 95%)	Agreement
R	9.25	1.50	10.05	2.35	−0.80 (−1.66-0.06)	0.067	0.56 (0.17-0.80)	Reasonable
RCardI	3.10	0.79	3.30	0.87	−0.20 (−0.50-0.10)	0.172	0.72 (0.42-0.88)	High
RCardII	2.95	0.69	3.40	0.99	−0.45 (−0.97-0.06)	0.082	0.03 (−0.41−0.46)	Poor
RCardIII	3.20	0.89	3.40	0.99	−0.20 (−0.60-0.20)	0.304	0.61 (0.24-0.83)	Good
W	2.00	1.20	2.20	1.26	−0.20 (−0.67-0.27)	0.384	0.66 (0.33-0.85)	Good
D	6.25	1.94	7.00	1.38	−0.75 (−1.62-0.12)	0.086	0.43 (−0.01−0.73)	Reasonable
Dd	0.85	0.88	0.80	1.15	0.05 (−0.54-0.64)	0.861	0.17 (−0.28−0.56)	Poor
S	1.35	0.93	1.05	0.89	0.30 (−0.12-0.72)	0.150	0.49 (0.07-0.76)	Reasonable
DQ+	2.05	1.60	2.50	1.47	−0.45 (−1.05-0.15)	0.134	0.61 (0.24-0.83)	Good
DQo	6.85	2.21	7.00	3.06	−0.15 (−1.23-0.93)	0.773	0.65 (0.30-0.85)	Good
DQV***	0.20	0.41	0.05	0.22	0.15 (−0.08-0.38)	0.190	0.10 (−0.51-0.35)	***
DQV/+	0.15	0.37	0.10	0.31	0.05 (−0.18-0.28)	0.656	0.14 (−0.54-0.31)	Poor
FQ+	0.15	0.37	0.20	0.41	−0.05 (−0.34-0.24)	0.723	0.21 (−0.59-0.25)	Poor
FQo	4.85	2.13	5.45	2.01	−0.60 (−1.67-0.47)	0.252	0.42 (−0.02-0.72)	Reasonable
FQu	2.90	1.55	3.00	1.89	−0.10 (−1.33-1.13)	0.866	0.16 (−0.55-0.29)	Poor
FQ-	1.35	1.09	1.45	1.15	−0.10 (−0.81-0.61)	0.771	0.27 (−0.18-0.63)	Poor
WDA%	75.53	16.69	79.50	22.77	−3.97 (−14.05-6.10)	0.418	0.40 (−0.05-0.70)	Reasonable
XA%	82.40	13.91	85.90	11.83	−3.50 (−10.00-3.02)	0.274	0.45 (0.02-0.74)	Reasonable
X-%	17.16	13.38	13.53	11.11	3.63 (−3.07-10.32)	0.091	0.35 (−0.10-0.68)	Poor
XU%	33.61	13.71	22.40	9.89	11.22 (22.22-6.54)	0.310	0.16 (−0.29-0.55)	Poor
X+%	50.14	14.18	57.03	19.43	−6.89 (−1.22-15.02)	0.270	0.44 (0.01-0.73)	Reasonable
F%	45.04	17.04	45.57	10.20	0.53 (−7.70-6.70)	0.217	0.41 (−0.03-0.72)	Reasonable
F pure	4.10	1.45	4.60	1.67	−0.50 (−1.32-0.32)	0.879	0.34 (−0.11-0.67)	Poor
M	0.75	0.91	1.05	0.94	−0.35 (−1.17-0.47)	0.379	0.75 (0.47-0.89)	Excellent
FM	1.05	1.10	1.20	1.24	−0.30 (−0.61-0.01)	0.057	0.84 (0.63-0.93)	Excellent
m	0.55	0.76	0.40	0.68	0.15 (−0.47-0.17)	0.343	0.47 (0.04-0.75)	Reasonable
FC	0.95	0.82	1.05	0.60	−0.10 (−0.51-0.31)	0.616	0.41 (−0.03-0.71)	Reasonable
CF	0.90	0.64	0.70	0.73	−0.10 (−0.48-0.28)	0.587	0.49 (0.07-0.76)	Reasonable
C**	0.00	0.00	0.10	0.30	0.20 (−0.12-0.52)	0.211	**	**
FC´	0.35	0.59	0.40	0.60	−0.10 (−0.25-0.05)	0.169	0.33 (−0.12-0.67)	Poor
C´F	0.05	0.22	0.10	0.31	−0.05 (−0.38-0.28)	0.755	0.66 (0.31-0.85)	Good
FT	0.30	0.57	0.20	0.52	−0.05 (−0.15-0.05)	0.330	0.67 (0.33-0.85)	Good
TF**	0.05	0.22	0.00	0.00	0.10 (−0.12-0.32)	0.343	**	**
VF***	0.05	0.22	0.05	0.22	0.05 (−0.24-0.34)	0.722	0.05 (−0.48-0.39)	***
FV	0.15	0.37	0.10	0.45	0.05 (−0.06−0.16)	0.338	0.10 (−0.35−0.51)	Poor
FD	0.85	0.88	0.85	0.99	0.00 (−0.16-0.16)	1.000	0.64 (0.28-0.84)	Good
FY	0.35	0.59	0.15	0.37	0.20 (−0.36-0.36)	0.830	0.21 (−0.25-0.59)	Poor
SumC´	0.40	0.50	0.55	0.60	0.20 (−0.10-0.50)	0.174	0.27 (−0.18-0.63)	Poor
WSumC	1.30	0.80	1.28	0.79	−0.15 (−0.47-0.17)	0.335	0.81 (−0.57-0.92)	Excellent
SumT	0.35	0.59	0.25	0.72	0.03 (−0.22-0.27)	0.830	0.52 (0.11-0.78)	Reasonable
SumV	0.20	0.41	0.15	0.49	0.10 (−0.21-0.41)	0.505	0.10 (−0.35-0.51)	Poor
SumY	0.40	0.60	0.15	0.37	0.05 (−0.25−0.34)	0.720	0.39 (−0.06-0.70)	Poor
Fr+rf	0.15	0.37	0.15	0.37	0.00 (−0.15-0.15)	1.000	1.00 (−0.15−0.35)	Excellent

ZCS variables	Test		Retest		Difference* (95%CI)	ANOVA p	ICC (Difference 95%)	Agreement
ZCS variables	M	SD	M	SD	Difference* (95%CI)	ANOVA p	ICC (Difference 95%)	Agreement
Pure H	0.65	0.67	0.90	0.79	0.15 (−0.25-0.55)	0.444	0.52 (0.11-0.78)	Reasonable
(H)	0.15	0.37	0.40	0.60	−0.25 (−0.58-0.08)	0.128	0.17 (−0.28-0.56)	Poor
Hd	0.35	0.67	0.10	0.31	−0.25 (−0.56-0.06)	0.105	0.44 (0.01-0.74)	Reasonable
RH	0.05	0.22	0.15	0.37	0.25 (−0.01-0.51)	0.055	0.09 (−0.50-0.36)	***
Hx***	0.05	0.22	0.15	0.49	−0.10 (−0.31-0.11)	0.339	0.06 (−0.48-0.39)	***
SumH	1.20	1.00	1.55	1.23	−0.10 (−0.34-0.14)	0.397	0.53 (0.13-0.78)	Reasonable
H:((H)+(Hd)+Hd	0.10	1.12	0.25	1.02	−0.35 (−0.86-0.16)	0.165	0.44 (0.04-0.73)	Reasonable
A	4.50	1.43	5.10	2.22	−0.15 (−0.70-0.40)	0.569	0.59 (0.21-0.81)	Reasonable
(A)***	0.05	0.22	0.10	0.31	−0.60 (−1.42-0.22)	0.141	0.07 (−0.50-0.37)	Poor
Ad	0.75	0.91	0.25	0.44	−0.05 (−0.24-0.14)	0.586	0.33 (−0.12-0.67)	Poor
An	0.70	0.57	0.70	0.98	0.50 (−0.12-0.88)	0.121	0.59 (0.21-0.82)	Reasonable
Xy	0.10	0.31	0.10	0.31	0.00 (−0.33-0.33)	1.000	0.44 (0.01-0.74)	Reasonable
An+Xy	0.70	0.73	0.80	1.00	0.10 (0.16-0.16)	1.000	0.46 (0.04-0.74)	Reasonable
Art	0.65	0.67	0.65	0.59	−0.10 (−0.54-0.34)	0.637	0.74 (0.44-0.89)	High
Ay	0.15	0.37	0.20	0.41	0.05 (−0.22-0.22)	1.000	0.14 (−0.31-0.54)	Poor
Bl***	0.10	0.31	0.05	0.22	−0.05 (−0.30-0.20)	0.673	0.08 (−0.49-0.37)	Poor
Bt	1.55	1.15	1.35	1.35	0.05 (−0.14-0.24)	0.586	0.31 (−0.15-0.65)	Poor
Cg	0.05	0.24	0.10	0.31	0.20 (−0.49-0.89)	0.542	0.66 (0.31-0.85)	Good
Cl	0.15	0.49	0.20	0.52	−0.05 (−0.06-0.16)	0.343	0.70 (0.38-0.87)	High
Fi	0.15	0.37	0.10	0.31	−0.05 (−0.24-0.14)	0.587	0.32 (−0.13- 0.66)	Poor
Food	0.20	0.40	0.10	0.31	0.05 (−0.14-0.24)	0.582	0.64 (0.29-0.84)	Good
Hh	0.15	0.37	0.15	0.37	0.10 (−0.05-0.25)	0.165	0.61 (0.24-0.82)	Good
Ls	0.25	0.45	0.25	0.37	0.05 (−0.16-0.16)	1.000	0.47 (0.04-0.75)	Reasonable
Na	0.20	0.62	0.15	0.37	0.00 (−0.22-0.22)	1.000	0.29 (−0.17-0.64)	Poor
Isolate	2.45	1.43	2.35	1.73	0.05 (−0.22-0.32)	0.704	0.42 (−0.02-0.72)	Reasonable
SC	0.20	0.41	0.20	0.41	0.10 (−0.73-0.93)	0.802	0.69 (0.36-0.86)	Reasonable
Sx**	0.05	0.22	0.00	0.00	0.00 (−0.15-0.15)	1.000	**	**
Id***	0.05	0.22	0.05	0.22	0.05 (−0.06-0.16)	1.000	0.05 (−0.47-0.39)	***

ZCS variables	Test		Retest		Difference* (95%CI)	p	ICC (Difference 95%)	Agreement
ZCS variables	M	SD	M	SD	Difference* (95%CI)	p	ICC (Difference 95%)	Agreement
Afr	0.46	0.12	0.49	0.09	−0.03 (−0.11-0.24)	0.342	0.16 (−0.56-0.29)	Poor
Zf	4.15	1.30	5.10	1.80	−0.95 (−1.70-0.20)	0.016	0.46 (0.03-0.75)	Reasonable
Pop	1.55	0.60	1.85	0.75	−0.30 (−0.62-0.02)	0.061	0.53 (0.13-0.78)	Reasonable
Pair (2)	2.70	1.26	3.10	0.97	0.25 (−0.02-0.52)	0.063	0.11 (−0.34-0.52)	Poor
3r+(2)	3.10	1.37	3.50	0.83	−0.40 (−0.19-0.99)	0.174	0.12 (−0.33-0.53)	Poor
Blends	1.35	1.09	1.20	1.15	−0.40 (−0.19-0.99)	0.174	0.70 (0.38-0.870)	High
2AB+(Art+Ay)	0.55	0.76	0.90	0.91	0.00 (−0.16-0.16)	1.000	0.38 (−0.06-0.70)	Poor
AB**	0.00	0.00	0.10	0.45	−0.35 (−0.79-0.09)	0.117	**	**
AG	0.35	0.59	0.60	0.68	−0.10 (−0.31-0.11)	0.326	0.50 (0.08-0.76)	Reasonable
COP	0.30	0.47	0.50	0.61	−0.25 (−0.54-0.04)	0.084	0.71 (0.41-0.88)	High
GHR	0.90	0.73	1.20	0.89	−0.20 (−0.40-0.01)	0.326	0.65 (0.30-0.84)	Good
PHR	0.75	0.83	0.65	0.75	−0.50 (−0.83-0.17)	0.117	0.33 (−0.12-0.67)	Poor
GPHR	0.15	1.23	0.45	1.15	−0.10 (−0.51-0.31)	0.610	0.44 (0.01-0.73)	Reasonable
MOR	0.35	0.58	0.10	0.45	−0.30 (−0.88-0.28)	0.293	0.64 (0.28-0.84)	Good
PSV***	0.10	0.31	0.05	0.22	0.25 (−0.04-0.46)	0.024	0.66 (0.31-0.85)	Good
PER	0.45	0.69	0.45	0.76	0.05 (−0.05-0.15)	0.311	0.50 (0.08-0.77)	Reasonable
INCOM***	0.10	0.31	0.05	0.22	0.00 (−0.35-0.35)	1.000	0.66 (0.31-0.85)	***
DR***	0.10	0.31	0.05	0.22	0.05 (0.05-0.15)	0.311	0.66 (0.31-0.85)	***
Sum 6	0.15	0.49	0.15	0.37	0.05 (0.06-0.16)	0.333	0.72 (0.41-0.88)	High
WSum6	0.40	1.27	0.35	0.88	0.00 (−0.14-0.14)	1.000	0.72 (0.41−0.88)	High
M-**	0.00	0.00	0.05	0.22	0.05 (−0.32-0.42)	0.781	**	**
Ma: Mp	0.15	0.75	0.25	0.97	−0.20 (−0.48-0.08)	0.155	0.51 (0.10-0.77)	Reasonable
Ma	0.45	0.60	0.55	0.69	0.15 (−0.21-0.51)	0.390	0.76 (0.49-0.90)	Excellent
Mp	0.30	0.58	0.50	0.69	−0.10 (−0.32-0.12)	0.341	0.53 (0.12-0.78)	Reasonable
a	1.05	1.05	1.35	1.04	−0.30 (−0.80-0.20)	0.218	0.18 (−0.07-0.49)	Poor
p	1.40	1.50	1.35	1.23	0.05 (−0.43-0.53)	0.830	0.22 (−0.35-0.02)	Poor
S-	0.20	0.52	0.10	0.45	0.10 (−0.24-0.44)	0.548	0.09 (−0.50-0.36)	Poor
EB	−0.62	1.20	−0.48	1.33	−0.05 (−0.16-0.06)	0.339	0.62 (0.26-0.83)	Good
EA	2.17	1.06	2.60	1.52	−0.16 (−0.65-0.35)	0.538	0.63 (0.27-0.84)	Good
FM+m	1.55	1.43	1.55	1.10	−0.43 (−0.97-0.12)	0.118	0.77 (0.51-0.90)	Excellent
SumC´+T+V+Y	1.25	1.21	1.05	1.23	0.20 (−0.41-0.41)	1.000	0.66 (0.32-0.85)	Good
es	2.90	2.25	2.55	2.50	0.20 (−0.29-0.69)	0.396	0.70 (0.38-0.87)	High
Note D	−0.80	2.77	−0.17	2.50	0.35 (−0.38-1.08)	0.329	0.74 (0.44-0.89)	High
Adjes	1.75	1.99	1.93	1.62	−0.63 (−1.55-0.30)	0.175	0.59 (0.21-0.82)	Reasonable
AdjD	0.00	2.36	0.60	2.61	−0.18 (−0.97-0.62)	0.650	0.76 (0.49-0.90)	Excellent

Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia Av.Bandeirantes 3900 - Monte Alegre, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto - São Paulo - Brasil, Tel.: (55 16) 3315-3829 - Ribeirão Preto - SP - Brazil
E-mail: paideia@usp.br

Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS

[1] Correspondence address: Silvana Alba Scortegagna. Universidade de Passo Fundo. Bairro São Jose BR 285, Passo Fundo-RS, Brazil. CEP. 99.052-900. E-mail: silvanalba@upf.br