Production components of sunflower cultivars at different sowing times

Turchetto, Ricardo; Trombetta, Lucas José; Rosa, Genesio Mario da; Volpi, Gabriel Baraldi; Barros, Sinara

doi:10.1590/1983-40632021v5168137

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Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical

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Research Article • Pesq. Agropec. Trop. 51 • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632021v5168137 copy

Production components of sunflower cultivars at different sowing times

Componentes de produção de cultivares de girassol em diferentes épocas de semeadura

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The sowing time is of fundamental importance for achieving high yields in the sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) crop, reducing risks and losses and maximizing the crop yield. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of the sowing time on morphological (plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter and head diameter) and production (1,000-achene weight and total yield) traits. The experiment was conducted in the 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 crop seasons, using a randomized blocks design, in a 3 × 2 bi-factorial scheme, with three sowing times (October 20, November 19 and December 22) and two hybrids (BRS 321 and BRS 323). A negative interference from the environment and sowing time was observed for all the analyzed variables. The third sowing time (December 22), in both crop seasons, resulted in a drastic reduction in the morphological and production traits of the cultivars, with a 50 % reduction in the yield of achenes.

KEYWORDS:
Helianthus annuus L; sowing times; morphological traits

Sowing time	^____________2017/2018^____________				^____________2018/2019^____________
	^__Stem diameter^__		^__Number of leaves^__		^__Stem diameter^__		^__Number of leaves^__
	BRS 321	BRS 323	BRS 321	BRS 323	BRS 321	BRS 323	BRS 321	BRS 323
October 20	25.995 Bb^* * Averages followed by the same uppercase letter in the column and lowercase letter in the row do not differ by the Scott-Knott test at 5 % of probability.	29.347 Aa	34.792 Aa	32.417 Ba	25.268 Aa	26.613 Aa	26.875 Aa	26.458 Aa
November 19	30.498 Aa	30.905 Aa	35.792 Aa	30.875 Bb	23.274 Ab	23.824 Ab	23.292 Ab	22.500 Ab
December 22	23.664 Ac	23.670 Ab	28.625 Ab	29.083 Ac	22.105 Ab	20.061 Bc	18.458 Ac	18.250 Ac
CV (%)	11.80		7.76		12.28		9.13

Sowing time	^____2017/2018^____		^____2018/2019^____
	^________1,000_achene weight (g)^________
	BRS 321	BRS 323	BRS 321	BRS 323
October 20	75 Ab^* * Averages followed by the same uppercase letter in the column and lowercase letter in the row do not differ by the Scott-Knott test at 5 % of probability.	74 Aa	100 Aa	86 Ba
November 19	86 Aa	79 Aa	94 Aa	83 Ba
December 22	54 Ac	44 Bb	58 Ab	58 Ab

Cultivar	^____________2017/2018^____________				^____________2018/2019^____________
Cultivar	PH (m)	Yield (t ha^-1)		HD (cm)	PH (m)	Yield (t ha^-1)	HD (cm)
BRS 321	1.787 B^* * Averages followed by the same uppercase letter in the column and lowercase letter in the row do not differ by the Scott-Knott test at 5 % of probability.	3.027 A		22.847 A	1.685 B	1.951 A	22.875 A
BRS 323	1.811 A	2.847 A		21.347 B	1.792 A	2.044 A	22.403 A
Sowing time
October 20	1.903 A		3.192 A	22.583 B	1.951 A	2.897 A	26.666 A
November 19	1.902 A		3.515 A	23.937 A	1.768 A	1.953 B	22.896 B
December 22	1.593 B		2.104 B	19.770 C	1.547 B	1.142 C	18.354 C
CV (%)	3.910		18.140	14.100	8.560	16.140	12.270

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[TFN1] ^*
Averages followed by the same uppercase letter in the column and lowercase letter in the row do not differ by the Scott-Knott test at 5 % of probability.