Effects of zeolite and selenium applications on some agronomic traits of three canola cultivars under drought stress

Zahedi, Hossein; Rad, Amir Hossein Shirani; Moghadam, Hamid Reza Tohidi

doi:10.5216/pat.v41i2.9554

Abstracts

In order to study the effects of zeolite and selenium application on the agronomic traits of three canola cultivars under drought stress conditions, an experiment was conducted in two growing seasons (2006 and 2007). The study site was the Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, in Karaj, Iran. The experimental design was a randomized complete block arrangement, in a split-plot factorial scheme, with three replications. The irrigation factor was applied at two levels: normal irrigation and water holding at the stem elongation stage. Zeolite was used at two levels: non-application and application of 10 t ha-1 Selenium was sprayed at three concentrations: 0 g L-1 15 g L-1 and 30 g L-1of sodium selenate. These treatments were randomized in main plots, while three canola cultivars (Zarfam, Sarigol, and Okapi) were randomized as subplots. The results showed that the main effects were significant, while interaction effects were not significant. Irrigation had significant effect on all traits as drought stress lead to a decrease of those traits. Selenium application increased stem diameter, silique and seed number, and seed yield, but it had no significant effect on silique length. Zeolite application provided a significant increase in seed yield and yield components. The cultivars were different in silique and seed number. In general, selenium and zeolite application had significant and positive effect on growth and silique and seed yield. As a result, it can be suggested that the zeolite and selenium application may improve plant growth under drought stress.

Brassica napus L.; stem diameter; silique number; seed number; seed yield

Para estudar os efeitos da aplicação de zeólita e selênio, nas características agronômicas de três cultivares de canola, um experimento foi realizado em duas safras (2006 e 2007). O estudo foi conduzido em área experimental do Instituto de Sementes e Melhoramento de Plantas, em Karaj, Irã. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com três repetições. O fator irrigação foi empregado em dois níveis: irrigação normal e estresse hídrico no estádio de alongamento das hastes. A zeólita foi empregada em dois níveis: sem aplicação e aplicação de 10 t ha-1 O selênio foi aplicado em três concentrações: 0 g L-1 15 g L-1e 30 g L-1de seleneto de sódio. Estes tratamentos foram casualizados nas parcelas principais, enquanto as três cultivares de canola (Zarfam, Sarigol e Okapi) foram casualizadas nas subparcelas. Com base nos resultados, é possível inferir que os efeitos isolados foram significativos, enquanto as interações não foram significativas. O fator irrigação foi significativo para todas as variáveis agronômicas estudadas, com o estresse hídrico reduzindo os parâmetros avaliados. A aplicação de selênio aumentou o diâmetro da haste, o número de sementes e síliquas e a produção de sementes, mas não alterou significativamente o comprimento da síliqua. A aplicação de zeólita aumentou significativamente a produção de sementes e os componentes de produção. As cultivares apresentaram diferentes números de síliquas e de sementes. De modo geral, a aplicação de zeólita e selênio apresentaram efeito positivo e significativo no crescimento, nas síliquas e na produção de sementes. Como resultado, pode-se sugerir que a aplicação de zeólita e selênio podem ser benéficas para melhorar o crescimento das plantas sob estresse hídrico.

Brassica napus L.; diâmetro da haste; número de síliquas; produção de sementes

Effects of zeolite and selenium applications on some agronomic traits of three canola cultivars under drought stress^*

Efeitos da aplicação de zeólita e selênio em três cultivares de canola sob estresse hídrico

Hossein Zahedi^I; Amir Hossein Shirani Rad^II; Hamid Reza Tohidi Moghadam^III

^Ihzahedi2006@gmail.com

^II Oil Seed Crops Institute, Department of Agronomy, Karaj, Iran. E-mail: shirani.rad@gmail.com.

^III;Islamic Azad University, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Department of Agronomy, Varamin, Iran. E-mail: hamid_tohidi2008@yahoo.com.

ABSTRACT

In order to study the effects of zeolite and selenium application on the agronomic traits of three canola cultivars under drought stress conditions, an experiment was conducted in two growing seasons (2006 and 2007). The study site was the Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, in Karaj, Iran. The experimental design was a randomized complete block arrangement, in a split-plot factorial scheme, with three replications. The irrigation factor was applied at two levels: normal irrigation and water holding at the stem elongation stage. Zeolite was used at two levels: non-application and application of 10 t ha^-1 Selenium was sprayed at three concentrations: 0 g L^-1 15 g L^-1 and 30 g L^-1of sodium selenate. These treatments were randomized in main plots, while three canola cultivars (Zarfam, Sarigol, and Okapi) were randomized as subplots. The results showed that the main effects were significant, while interaction effects were not significant. Irrigation had significant effect on all traits as drought stress lead to a decrease of those traits. Selenium application increased stem diameter, silique and seed number, and seed yield, but it had no significant effect on silique length. Zeolite application provided a significant increase in seed yield and yield components. The cultivars were different in silique and seed number. In general, selenium and zeolite application had significant and positive effect on growth and silique and seed yield. As a result, it can be suggested that the zeolite and selenium application may improve plant growth under drought stress.

Key-words:Brassica napus L.; stem diameter; silique number; seed number; seed yield.

RESUMO

Para estudar os efeitos da aplicação de zeólita e selênio, nas características agronômicas de três cultivares de canola, um experimento foi realizado em duas safras (2006 e 2007). O estudo foi conduzido em área experimental do Instituto de Sementes e Melhoramento de Plantas, em Karaj, Irã. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com três repetições. O fator irrigação foi empregado em dois níveis: irrigação normal e estresse hídrico no estádio de alongamento das hastes. A zeólita foi empregada em dois níveis: sem aplicação e aplicação de 10 t ha^-1 O selênio foi aplicado em três concentrações: 0 g L^-1 15 g L^-1e 30 g L^-1de seleneto de sódio. Estes tratamentos foram casualizados nas parcelas principais, enquanto as três cultivares de canola (Zarfam, Sarigol e Okapi) foram casualizadas nas subparcelas. Com base nos resultados, é possível inferir que os efeitos isolados foram significativos, enquanto as interações não foram significativas. O fator irrigação foi significativo para todas as variáveis agronômicas estudadas, com o estresse hídrico reduzindo os parâmetros avaliados. A aplicação de selênio aumentou o diâmetro da haste, o número de sementes e síliquas e a produção de sementes, mas não alterou significativamente o comprimento da síliqua. A aplicação de zeólita aumentou significativamente a produção de sementes e os componentes de produção. As cultivares apresentaram diferentes números de síliquas e de sementes. De modo geral, a aplicação de zeólita e selênio apresentaram efeito positivo e significativo no crescimento, nas síliquas e na produção de sementes. Como resultado, pode-se sugerir que a aplicação de zeólita e selênio podem ser benéficas para melhorar o crescimento das plantas sob estresse hídrico.

Palavras-chave: Brassica napus L.; diâmetro da haste; número de síliquas; produção de sementes.

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References

ANDERSEN, M. N.; HEIDMANN, T.; PLAUBORG, F. The effect of drought and nitrogen on light compensation growth and yield of winter oil seed raps. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, London, v. 46, n. 1, p. 55-67, 1996.
BOUCHEREAU, A. et al. Water stress effects on rapeseed quality. European Journal of Agronomy, Amsterdam, v. 21, n. 5, p. 19-30, 1996.
CHAMPOLIVIER, I.; MERRIEN, A. Effects of water stress applied at different growth stages to Brassica napus L. var. Oleifera on yield, yield components and seed quality. Journal of Agronomy, Amsterdam, v. 93, n. 3, p. 53-58, 1996.
DEEPAK, M.; WATTAL, P. N. Influence of water stress on seed yield of Canadian rape at flowering and role of metabolic factors. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, New Delhi, v. 22, n. 2, p. 115-118, 1995.
DWAIRI, I. M. Evaluation of Jordanian zeolite tuff as a controlled slow-release fertilizer for NH4. Environmental Geology, London, v. 34, n. 5, p. 1-3, 1998.
GERM, M.; KREFT, I.; OSVALD, J. Influence of UV-B exclusion and selenium treatment on photochemical efficiency of photosystem II, yield and respiratory potential in pumpkins (Cucurbita pepo L.). Plant physiology and Biochemistry, New Delhi, v. 43, n. 4, p. 445-448, 2005.
GERM, M. et al. Metabolic importance of selenium for plants. The European Journal of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Amsterdam, v. 1, n. 1, p. 91-97, 2007.
HARTIKAINEN, H.; XUE, T.; PIIRONEN, V. Selenium as an antioxidant and pro-oxidant in ryegrass. Plant Soil Science, Amsterdam, v. 225, n. 8, p. 193-200, 2000.
HASHEM, A. et al. Drought stress effects on seed yield, yield attributes, growth, cell membrane stability and gas exchange of synthesized (Brassica napus L.). Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, Cambridge, v. 180, n. 3, p. 129-136, 1998.
HE, Z. L. et al. Clinoptilolite zeolite and cellulose amendments to reduce ammonia volatilization in a calcareous sandy soil. Plant and Soil, Amsterdam, v. 247, n. 6, p. 253-260, 2002.
JENSEN, C. R. et al. Seed glocosinolate oil and protein content of field grown rape (Brassica napus L.) affected by soil drying and evaporative demand. Field Crop Research, Amsterdam, v. 47, n. 7, p. 93-105, 1996.
KAVOOSI, M. Effects of zeolite application on rice yield, nitrogen recovery, and nitrogen use efficiency. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, London, v. 38, n. 2, p. 69-76, 2007.
KUZNETSOV, V. V.; KHOLODOVA, V. P.; YAGODIN, B. A. Selenium regulates the water status of plants exposed to drought. Doklady biological sciences, Saint Petersburg, v. 390, n. 2, p. 266-268, 2003.
LEGGO, P. J. An investigation of plant growth in an organo-zeolite substrate and its ecological significant. Journal of Plant and Soil, Amsterdam, v. 219, n. 7, p. 135-146, 2000.
LIU, F.; ANDERSEN, M. N.; JENSEN, C. R. Root signal controls silique growth in drought stressed soybean during the critical, abortion-sensitive phase of silique development. Field Crops Research, Amsterdam, v. 85, n. 3, p. 159-166, 2004.
MENDHAM, N. J.; RUSSELL, J. ; BUZZA, G. C. The contribution of seed survival to field in new Australian cultivars of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge, v. 103, n. 1, p. 303-316, 1992.
MENDHAM, N. J.; SALISBURY, P. A. Physiology: crop development, growth and yield. In: KIMBER, D.; McGREGOR, D. I. (Eds.). Brassica oilseeds: production and utilization. Cambridge: CAB, 1995. p. 11-64.
OK, C. H.; ANDERSON, S. H.; ERVIN, E. H. Amendments and construction systems for improving the performance of sand-based putting greens. Agronomy Journal, New York, v. 95, n. 7, p. 1583-1590, 2003.
PENNANEN, A.; XUE, T.; HARTIKAINEN, H. Protective role of selenium in plant subjected to severe UV irradiation stress. Journal of Applied Botany, Berlin, v. 76, n. 8, p. 66-76, 2002.
QUANCHANG, H. Y.; CHENG, H. Cation exchange properties of natural zeolites and their applications. Science Press, Beijing, v. 41, n. 2, p. 228-232, 2008.
RAO, M. S. S.; MENDHAM, N. J. Comparison of chinoli (B. compestris subs. Oleifera, subsp. Chinesis) and B. napus oilseed rape using different growth regulators, plant population, densities and irrigation treatments. Journal of Agriculture Science, New Delhi, v. 177, n. 3, p. 177-178, 1991.
SAS INSTITUTE INC. The SAS system for Windows: release 9.0. Cary: SAS Institue, 2002.
SING, H. C.; BHARGAVA , S. C. Changes in growth and yield components of Brassica napus in response to azotobacter inoculation at different rates of nitrogen application. Journal of Agriculture Science, New Delhi, v. 122, n. 5, p. 241-247, 1994.
TAPIERO, H.; TOWNSEND, D. M.; TEW, K. D. Oxidative stress pathologies and antioxidants: the antioxidant role of selenium and seleno-compounds. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Amsterdam, v. 57, n. 6, p. 134-144, 2003.
THOMAS, M. et al. The effect of timing and severity of water deficit on growth, development, yield accumulation and nitrogen fixation of mungbean. Field Crops Research, Amsterdam, v. 86, n. 7, p. 67-80, 2004.
TRIBOI-BLONDEL, A. M.; RENARD, M. Effect of temperature and stress of fatty acid composition of rapeseed oil. In: INTERNATIONAL RAPESEED CONGRESS, 10., 1999, Canberra. Proceedings... Paris: GCIR, 1999. 1 CD-ROM.
WRIGHT, G. C.; SMITH, C. J.; WOODROOFE, M. R. The effect of irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer on rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) production in southeastern Australia. Irrigation Science, Frankfurt, v. 9, n. 2, p. 1-13, 1988.
WRIGHT, P. R. et al. Comparative adaptation of canola (Brassica napus L.) and Indian mustard (Brassica Juncea L.) to soil water deficit. Field Crop Research, Amsterdam, v. 42, n. 4, p. 1-13, 1995.
XIUBIN, H.; ZHANBIN, H. Zeolite application for enhancing infiltration and retention in loess soil. Resource, Conservation and Recycling, Amsterdam, v. 34, n. 3, p. 45-52, 2001.
ZAHEDI, H. et al. The effects of zeolite soil applications and selenium foliar applications on growth yield and yield components of three canola cultivars under drought stress. World Applied Sciences Journal, Faisalabad, v. 7, n. 2, p. 255-262, 2009.

*

Article submitted on Apr./2010 and accepted for publishing on Apr./2011 (n° registro: PAT 9554/ DOI: 10.5216/pat.v41i2.9554).

Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
30 Oct 2012
Date of issue
June 2011

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

[1] ANDERSEN, M. N.; HEIDMANN, T.; PLAUBORG, F. The effect of drought and nitrogen on light compensation growth and yield of winter oil seed raps. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, London, v. 46, n. 1, p. 55-67, 1996.

[2] BOUCHEREAU, A. et al. Water stress effects on rapeseed quality. European Journal of Agronomy, Amsterdam, v. 21, n. 5, p. 19-30, 1996.

[3] CHAMPOLIVIER, I.; MERRIEN, A. Effects of water stress applied at different growth stages to Brassica napus L. var. Oleifera on yield, yield components and seed quality. Journal of Agronomy, Amsterdam, v. 93, n. 3, p. 53-58, 1996.

[4] DEEPAK, M.; WATTAL, P. N. Influence of water stress on seed yield of Canadian rape at flowering and role of metabolic factors. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, New Delhi, v. 22, n. 2, p. 115-118, 1995.

[5] DWAIRI, I. M. Evaluation of Jordanian zeolite tuff as a controlled slow-release fertilizer for NH4. Environmental Geology, London, v. 34, n. 5, p. 1-3, 1998.

[6] GERM, M.; KREFT, I.; OSVALD, J. Influence of UV-B exclusion and selenium treatment on photochemical efficiency of photosystem II, yield and respiratory potential in pumpkins (Cucurbita pepo L.). Plant physiology and Biochemistry, New Delhi, v. 43, n. 4, p. 445-448, 2005.

[7] GERM, M. et al. Metabolic importance of selenium for plants. The European Journal of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Amsterdam, v. 1, n. 1, p. 91-97, 2007.

[8] HARTIKAINEN, H.; XUE, T.; PIIRONEN, V. Selenium as an antioxidant and pro-oxidant in ryegrass. Plant Soil Science, Amsterdam, v. 225, n. 8, p. 193-200, 2000.

[9] HASHEM, A. et al. Drought stress effects on seed yield, yield attributes, growth, cell membrane stability and gas exchange of synthesized (Brassica napus L.). Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, Cambridge, v. 180, n. 3, p. 129-136, 1998.

[10] HE, Z. L. et al. Clinoptilolite zeolite and cellulose amendments to reduce ammonia volatilization in a calcareous sandy soil. Plant and Soil, Amsterdam, v. 247, n. 6, p. 253-260, 2002.

[11] JENSEN, C. R. et al. Seed glocosinolate oil and protein content of field grown rape (Brassica napus L.) affected by soil drying and evaporative demand. Field Crop Research, Amsterdam, v. 47, n. 7, p. 93-105, 1996.

[12] KAVOOSI, M. Effects of zeolite application on rice yield, nitrogen recovery, and nitrogen use efficiency. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, London, v. 38, n. 2, p. 69-76, 2007.

[13] KUZNETSOV, V. V.; KHOLODOVA, V. P.; YAGODIN, B. A. Selenium regulates the water status of plants exposed to drought. Doklady biological sciences, Saint Petersburg, v. 390, n. 2, p. 266-268, 2003.

[14] LEGGO, P. J. An investigation of plant growth in an organo-zeolite substrate and its ecological significant. Journal of Plant and Soil, Amsterdam, v. 219, n. 7, p. 135-146, 2000.

[15] LIU, F.; ANDERSEN, M. N.; JENSEN, C. R. Root signal controls silique growth in drought stressed soybean during the critical, abortion-sensitive phase of silique development. Field Crops Research, Amsterdam, v. 85, n. 3, p. 159-166, 2004.

[16] MENDHAM, N. J.; RUSSELL, J. ; BUZZA, G. C. The contribution of seed survival to field in new Australian cultivars of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge, v. 103, n. 1, p. 303-316, 1992.

[17] MENDHAM, N. J.; SALISBURY, P. A. Physiology: crop development, growth and yield. In: KIMBER, D.; McGREGOR, D. I. (Eds.). Brassica oilseeds: production and utilization. Cambridge: CAB, 1995. p. 11-64.

[18] OK, C. H.; ANDERSON, S. H.; ERVIN, E. H. Amendments and construction systems for improving the performance of sand-based putting greens. Agronomy Journal, New York, v. 95, n. 7, p. 1583-1590, 2003.

[19] PENNANEN, A.; XUE, T.; HARTIKAINEN, H. Protective role of selenium in plant subjected to severe UV irradiation stress. Journal of Applied Botany, Berlin, v. 76, n. 8, p. 66-76, 2002.

[20] QUANCHANG, H. Y.; CHENG, H. Cation exchange properties of natural zeolites and their applications. Science Press, Beijing, v. 41, n. 2, p. 228-232, 2008.

[21] RAO, M. S. S.; MENDHAM, N. J. Comparison of chinoli (B. compestris subs. Oleifera, subsp. Chinesis) and B. napus oilseed rape using different growth regulators, plant population, densities and irrigation treatments. Journal of Agriculture Science, New Delhi, v. 177, n. 3, p. 177-178, 1991.

[22] SAS INSTITUTE INC. The SAS system for Windows: release 9.0. Cary: SAS Institue, 2002.

[23] SING, H. C.; BHARGAVA , S. C. Changes in growth and yield components of Brassica napus in response to azotobacter inoculation at different rates of nitrogen application. Journal of Agriculture Science, New Delhi, v. 122, n. 5, p. 241-247, 1994.

[24] TAPIERO, H.; TOWNSEND, D. M.; TEW, K. D. Oxidative stress pathologies and antioxidants: the antioxidant role of selenium and seleno-compounds. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Amsterdam, v. 57, n. 6, p. 134-144, 2003.

[25] THOMAS, M. et al. The effect of timing and severity of water deficit on growth, development, yield accumulation and nitrogen fixation of mungbean. Field Crops Research, Amsterdam, v. 86, n. 7, p. 67-80, 2004.

[26] TRIBOI-BLONDEL, A. M.; RENARD, M. Effect of temperature and stress of fatty acid composition of rapeseed oil. In: INTERNATIONAL RAPESEED CONGRESS, 10., 1999, Canberra. Proceedings... Paris: GCIR, 1999. 1 CD-ROM.

[27] WRIGHT, G. C.; SMITH, C. J.; WOODROOFE, M. R. The effect of irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer on rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) production in southeastern Australia. Irrigation Science, Frankfurt, v. 9, n. 2, p. 1-13, 1988.

[28] WRIGHT, P. R. et al. Comparative adaptation of canola (Brassica napus L.) and Indian mustard (Brassica Juncea L.) to soil water deficit. Field Crop Research, Amsterdam, v. 42, n. 4, p. 1-13, 1995.

[29] XIUBIN, H.; ZHANBIN, H. Zeolite application for enhancing infiltration and retention in loess soil. Resource, Conservation and Recycling, Amsterdam, v. 34, n. 3, p. 45-52, 2001.

[30] ZAHEDI, H. et al. The effects of zeolite soil applications and selenium foliar applications on growth yield and yield components of three canola cultivars under drought stress. World Applied Sciences Journal, Faisalabad, v. 7, n. 2, p. 255-262, 2009.