Controle biológico de nematoides fitoparasitos em canaviais

Dinardo-Miranda, Leila Luci; Miranda, Isabella Dinardo; Silva, Higor Domingos Silvério da; Fracasso, Juliano Vilela

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Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical

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Research Article • Pesqui. Agropecu. Trop. 52 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632022v5273758 copiar

Controle biológico de nematoides fitoparasitos em canaviais

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMO

O manejo de áreas infestadas por nematoides inclui uma série de medidas, dentre as quais os nematicidas químicos representam a mais utilizada. No entanto, visto que o uso desses produtos está associado a impactos ao ambiente, pesquisas com produtos biológicos têm adquirido grande importância. Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho de Bacillus subtilis + B. licheniformis, quando aplicado ao sulco de plantio, no controle de nematoides e os efeitos na produtividade de canaviais. Foram conduzidos cinco experimentos em áreas infestadas, com quatro tratamentos: testemunha - sem nematicida; carbosulfan 700EC 4 L ha^-1 - tratamento padrão; B. subtilis + B. licheniformis a 0,16 kg ha^-1 e 0,20 kg ha^-1. O carbosulfan foi mais eficiente no controle dos nematoides, reduzindo as populações pelo menos até quatro meses após o plantio. Os tratamentos com B. subtilis + B. licheniformis foram mais efetivos no controle de Meloidogyne javanica do que de Pratylenchus. As parcelas tratadas com carbosulfan produziram 11 % mais que a testemunha. Não houve diferenças entre as doses de B. subtilis + B. licheniformis, em relação à produtividade. Parcelas tratadas com o produto biológico produziram 5 % mais que a testemunha.

PALAVRAS-CHAVES:
Bacillus subtilis ; Bacillus licheniformis ; Meloidogyne ; Pratylenchus

Experiment	Location (São Paulo state, Brazil)	Plantig date	Cultivar
1	Santa Cruz das Palmeiras	07 December 2016	CTC11
2	Serrana	10 January 2017	CTC4
3	Olímpia	21 February 2017	RB867515
4	Araras	10 March 2017	SP80-1816
5	Lençóis Paulista	30 May 2017	RB975357

Treatment	2 months		4 months		10 months		SYH
Treatment	Roots	Soil	Roots	Soil	Roots	Soil	SYH
Control	3,152 a	300 a	9,310 a	720 a	7,365 a	432 a	103 b
Carbosulfan (4 L ha^-1)	2,656 a	252 a	11,310 a	768 a	13,146 a	420 a	115 a
Bs + Bl^ * Bacillus subtilis + B. licheniformis. Means within the same column followed by the same letter are not significantly different (t test; p ≤ 1).* (0.16 kg ha^-1)	1,844 a	444 a	11,090 a	816 a	18,163 a	264 a	105 b
Bs + Bl^ * Bacillus subtilis + B. licheniformis. Means within the same column followed by the same letter are not significantly different (t test; p ≤ 1).* (0.2 kg ha^-1)	3,328 a	504 a	12,232 a	936 a	10,481 a	276 a	112 ab

Treatment	2 months		4 months		10 months
Treatment	Roots	Soil	Roots	Soil	Roots	Soil
Control	7,988 a	870 bc	10,729 a	660 a	4,450 a	960 a
Carbosulfan (4 L ha^-1)	5,094 b	1,150 ab	6,258 b	600 a	4,317 a	780 a
Bs + Bl^ * Bacillus subtilis + B. licheniformis. Means within the same column followed by the same letter are not significantly different (t test; p ≤ 1).* (0.16 kg ha^-1)	6,258 b	670 c	9,957 ab	670 a	6,292 a	560 a
Bs + Bl^ * Bacillus subtilis + B. licheniformis. Means within the same column followed by the same letter are not significantly different (t test; p ≤ 1).* (0.2 kg ha^-1)	6,424 ab	1,320 ab	9,100 ab	780 a	4,083 a	590 a

Treatment	2 months				4 months				10 months				SYH
	Roots		Soil		Roots		Soil		Roots		Soil
	Mj	Pz	Mj	Pz	Mj	Pz	Mj	Pz	Mj	Pz	Mj	Pz
Control	85 a	6,189 a	10 a	920 b	8,873 a	25,770 a	210 a	690 ab	217 a	2,518 a	30 a	470 a	132 a
Carbosulfan (4 L ha^-1)	33 a	1,433 b	0 a	1,040 b	350 b	8,526 b	240 a	410 b	100 a	2,325 a	0 a	1,150 a	133 a
Bs + Bl^ * Bacillus subtilis + B. licheniformis. Means within the same column followed by the same letter are not significantly different (t test; p ≤ 1).* (0.16 kg ha^-1)	58 a	5,275 a	0 a	2,760 a	203 b	11,110 ab	250 a	980 a	0 a	2,917 a	50 a	600 a	133 a
Bs + Bl^ * Bacillus subtilis + B. licheniformis. Means within the same column followed by the same letter are not significantly different (t test; p ≤ 1).* (0.2 kg ha^-1)	0 a	8,827 a	0 a	2,270 a	4,091 ab	11,259 ab	50 a	690 ab	17 a	1,750 a	0 a	460 a	139 a

Treatment	2 months		4 months		10 months		SYH
Treatment	Roots	Soil	Roots	Soil	Roots	Soil	SYH
Control	4,124 a	180 a	1,358 a	180 a	933 b	50 b	103 c
Carbosulfan (4 L ha^-1)	416 b	120 a	233 b	90 b	1,650 ab	110 ab	121 a
Bs + Bl^ * Bacillus subtilis + B. licheniformis. Means within the same column followed by the same letter are not significantly different (t test; p ≤ 1).* (0.16 kg ha^-1)	3,770 a	200 a	825 a	110 ab	1,892 a	200 a	113 ab
Bs + Bl^ * Bacillus subtilis + B. licheniformis. Means within the same column followed by the same letter are not significantly different (t test; p ≤ 1).* (0.2 kg ha^-1)	2,731 a	80 a	1,125 a	140 ab	1,633 ab	160 ab	106 bc

Treatment	2 months					4 months								SYH
	Roots			Soil		Roots		Soil		Roots		Soil
	Mj	Pz	Mj		Pz	Mj	Pz	Mj	Pz	Mj	Pz	Mj	Pz
Control	22 ab	70 a	0 a		36 a	5,940 a	2,180 a	852 a	144 a	230 ab	1,410 a	360 a	516 a	65 b
Carbosulfan (4 L ha^-1)	30 ab	43 a	0 a		0 a	550 b	2,630 a	0 b	36 a	120 b	520 b	48 a	228 a	77 a
Bs + Bl^ * Bacillus subtilis + B. licheniformis. Means within the same column followed by the same letter are not significantly different (t test; p ≤ 1).* (0.16 kg ha^-1)	0 b	46 a	36 a		0 a	20 b	3,710 a	48 b	72 a	4,970 a	1,110 ab	120 a	384 a	71 ab
Bs + Bl^ * Bacillus subtilis + B. licheniformis. Means within the same column followed by the same letter are not significantly different (t test; p ≤ 1).* (0.2 kg ha^-1)	43 a	62 a	0 a		12 a	2,710 ab	2,870 a	324 ab	96 a	2,130 a	1,620 ab	48 a	336 a	70 ab

Experiment	1 month	2 months	3 months	4 months
1	156.1	347.2	452.4	593.8
2	154.6	251.9	336.7	400.7
3	80.1	146.8	213.4	340.0
4	117.7	209.0	336.1	360.4
5	0	0	0	22.4

Treatment	2 months					4 months								SYH
	Roots		Soil			Roots		Soil		Roots		Soil
	Mj	Pspp		Mj	Pspp	Mj	Pspp	Mj	Pspp	Mj	Pspp	Mj	Pspp
Control	22 a	4,324 a		3 b	461 a	2,966 a	9,869 a	212 a	479 a	88 a	3,335 b	78 a	486 a	102 c
Carbosulfan (4 L ha^-1)	13 a	1,928 b		39 a	512 a	184 b	5,805 b	50 a	379 b	43 a	4,392 ab	11 a	537 a	118 a
Bs + Bl^ * Bacillus subtilis + B. licheniformis. Means within the same column followed by the same letter are not significantly different (t test; p ≤ 1).* (0.16 kg ha^-1)	13 a	3,438 a		0 b	814 a	47 b	7,838 ab	60 a	530 a	1,017 a	6,074 a	24 a	402 a	107 b
Bs + Bl^ * Bacillus subtilis + B. licheniformis. Means within the same column followed by the same letter are not significantly different (t test; p ≤ 1).* (0.2 kg ha^-1)	29 a	4,294 a		11 ab	837 a	1,362 b	7,317 ab	75 a	529 a	432 a	3,913 ab	34 a	364 a	113 ab

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Bacillus subtilis + B. licheniformis. Means within the same column followed by the same letter are not significantly different (t test; p ≤ 1).