Identificação de genótipos de milho para tolerância à seca por análise multivariada

Sousa, Ricardo Silva de; Bastos, Edson Alves; Cardoso, Milton José; Pereira, Diléia Rocha

doi:10.1590/1983-40632018v4852122

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Scientific Articles • Pesqui. Agropecu. Trop. 48 (3) • Jul-Sep 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632018v4852122 copiar

Identificação de genótipos de milho para tolerância à seca por análise multivariada

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMO

Identificar genótipos tolerantes à deficiência hídrica é essencial na manutenção da produção agrícola. Objetivou-se avaliar a variação genotípica para tolerância à seca entre genótipos de milho, por meio de análise multivariada, bem como identificar híbridos com elevada produtividade de grãos em condições de déficit hídrico e irrigação plena. Utilizou-se delineamento de blocos casualizados, com 36 híbridos de milho, sendo 34 elites experimentais e dois comerciais (testemunhas), cultivados sob déficit hídrico e irrigação plena, durante a fase reprodutiva, com quatro repetições. As lâminas de irrigação, somadas à precipitação pluvial, totalizaram 691,6 mm e 490,8 mm, respectivamente sob irrigação plena e déficit hídrico. Foram avaliados o índice de área foliar, conteúdo de clorofila na folha, intervalo entre florescimento masculino e feminino, número de fileiras por espiga, número de grãos na espiga, comprimento de espiga, massa de 100 grãos, rendimento de espiga, índice de espiga, número de grãos, número de espigas por m², produtividade de grãos com 13 % de umidade e eficiência do uso da água. Identificou-se diversidade genética útil para tolerância à seca. Quatro híbridos elites experimentais (3G7395, 3G7415, 1G7034 e 3G7335) sobressaíram-se sob deficiência hídrica, com elevada produtividade de grãos, em relação à média dos híbridos testemunhas.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE:
Discriminação multivariada; deficiência hídrica; clorofila; índice de área foliar

Source of variation	Traits
Source of variation	DF	GY	NRE	NGE	EL	100GW	EW	EY
Hybrid (H)	35	8,664,167^ p < 0.01;	0.19^ p < 0.01;	11.54^ p < 0.01;	4.70^ p < 0.01;	31.84^ p < 0.01;	2,609.35^ p < 0.01;	0.01^ p < 0.01;
Environment (E)	1	1,378,624,320^ p < 0.01;	1.83^ p < 0.01;	857.83^ p < 0.01;	119.87^ p < 0.01;	226.09^ p < 0.01;	325,206.75^ p < 0.01;	0.37^ p < 0.01;
H x E	35	3,747,939^ p < 0.01;	0.04^ p < 0.01;	5.28^ p < 0.01;	1.46^ p < 0.01;	15.74^ p < 0.01;	2,201.31^ p < 0.01;	0.37e-2^ p < 0.01;
Residue	210	390,509	0.02	1.99	0.62	2.62	147.66	0.99e-3
Source of variation	EI	NGm²	NEm²	PH	LAI	IMFF	LCC	WUE
Hybrid (H)	0.08^ p < 0.01;	141.85^ p < 0.01;	0.14^ p < 0.01;	0.10^ p < 0.01;	1.30^ p < 0.01;	0.81^ p < 0.01;	74.07^ p < 0.01;	3.29^ p < 0.01;
Environment (E)	7.07^ p < 0.01;	22,670.87^ p < 0.01;	13.86^ p < 0.01;	4.11^ p < 0.01;	99.32^ p < 0.01;	25.37^ p < 0.01;	18,508.91^ p < 0.01;	205.65^ p < 0.01;
H x E	0.04^ p < 0.01;	65.07^ p < 0.01;	0.10^ p < 0.01;	0.08^ p < 0.01;	0.68^ p < 0.01;	0.20^ns ns not significant.	43.63^* * p < 0.05;	1.40^ p < 0.01;
Residue	0.01	7.06	0.02	0.03	0.33	0.14	25.63	0.14

Hybrid^* * C: control (commercial hybrid). Average of controls under water deficit condition: GYDH (t ha-1) = 5.19.	GY_WD(t ha^-1)		GY_FI(t ha^-1)		DTI
AG7088 (C)	8.41	a	11.02	a	1.72
3G7335	4.83	b	6.65	e	0.60
1G7034	4.71	b	8.51	c	0.75
3G7395	4.36	b	6.70	e	0.55
3G7415	4.16	b	7.13	d	0.55
2H828	3.76	c	5.43	e	0.38
3H843	3.75	c	6.39	e	0.45
2H834	3.53	c	9.28	b	0.61
1H795	3.49	c	8.24	c	0.54
1D2255	3.40	c	8.34	c	0.53
1F5834	3.35	c	6.39	e	0.40
1F5574	3.27	c	7.43	d	0.45
1F6325	3.05	d	8.20	c	0.47
1G6724	3.04	d	7.33	d	0.41
3F6245	3.02	d	8.27	c	0.47
3H823	3.01	d	7.12	d	0.40
1H845	2.98	d	6.35	e	0.36
3H832	2.96	d	6.82	d	0.38
3H798	2.88	d	6.15	e	0.33
2B707	2.79	d	7.47	d	0.39
2H829	2.71	d	7.59	d	0.39
3H813	2.41	e	5.33	e	0.24
3G7385	2.35	e	8.40	c	0.37
3H842	2.26	e	7.75	c	0.33
3E4824	2.26	e	7.50	d	0.32
2H826	2.19	e	7.07	d	0.29
30F35	2.07	e	9.84	b	0.38
2H831	2.07	e	6.36	e	0.25
2E5305	2.04	e	7.99	c	0.31
1F6265	1.99	e	6.60	e	0.25
BRS1040 (C)	1.96	e	5.87	e	0.22
3F6275	1.91	e	7.69	c	0.28
1D2195	1.84	e	6.17	e	0.22
1F5924	1.57	f	6.71	e	0.20
1H787	1.41	f	8.28	c	0.22
1F6255	1.40	f	6.39	e	0.17
Mean	2.98		7.35		0.42

Phenotypic characteristics		Full irrigation condition
Phenotypic characteristics		GY	NRE	NGE	EL	100GW	EW	EY	EI	NGm²	NEm²	PH	LAI	IMFF	LCC	WUE
Water deficit condition	GY	1	0.44^ p < 0.01;	0.45^ p < 0.01;	-0.18^ns ns not significant.	-0.02^ns ns not significant.	0.50^ p < 0.01;	0.68^ p < 0.01;	0.21^ns ns not significant.	0.94^ p < 0.01;	0.60^ p < 0.01;	0.28^ns ns not significant.	0.09^ns ns not significant.	-0.54^ p < 0.01;	-0.23^ns ns not significant.	0.99^ p < 0.01;
	NRE	0.63^ p < 0.01;	1	0.81^ p < 0.01;	0.10^ns ns not significant.	-0.3^ns ns not significant.	0.44^ p < 0.01;	0.37^* * p < 0.05;	-0.24^ns ns not significant.	0.50^ p < 0.01;	-0.02^ns ns not significant.	0.13^ns ns not significant.	-0.03^ns ns not significant.	-0.06^ns ns not significant.	-0.10^ns ns not significant.	0.44^ p < 0.01;
	NGE	0.86^ p < 0.01;	0.73^ p < 0.01;	1	0.43^ p < 0.01;	-0.17^ns ns not significant.	0.46^ p < 0.01;	0.36^* * p < 0.05;	-0.28^ns ns not significant.	0.47^ p < 0.01;	0.03^ns ns not significant.	0.32^ns ns not significant.	-0.01^ns ns not significant.	-0.08^ns ns not significant.	-0.05^ns ns not significant.	0.45^ p < 0.01;
	EL	0.02^ns ns not significant.	0.05^ns ns not significant.	0.14^ p < 0.01;	1	0.15^ns ns not significant.	-0.06^ns ns not significant.	-0.44^ p < 0.01;	-0.14^ns ns not significant.	-0.24^ns ns not significant.	-0.04^ns ns not significant.	0.03^ns ns not significant.	-0.13^ns ns not significant.	0.24^ns ns not significant.	0.16^ns ns not significant.	-0.18^ns ns not significant.
	100GW	0.18^ns ns not significant.	-0.01^ns ns not significant.	-0.06^ns ns not significant.	-0.17^ns ns not significant.	1	0.16^ns ns not significant.	-0.23^ns ns not significant.	-0.24^ns ns not significant.	-0.32^ns ns not significant.	-0.11^ns ns not significant.	-0.03^ns ns not significant.	-0.10^ns ns not significant.	0.29^ns ns not significant.	-0.06^ns ns not significant.	-0.02^ns ns not significant.
	EW	0.84^ p < 0.01;	0.46^ p < 0.01;	0.81^ p < 0.01;	-0.01^ns ns not significant.	0.14^ns ns not significant.	1	0.24^ns ns not significant.	-0.53^ p < 0.01;	0.42^* * p < 0.05;	-0.36^* * p < 0.05;	0.13^ns ns not significant.	0.20^ns ns not significant.	-0.11^ns ns not significant.	-0.04^ns ns not significant.	0.50^ p < 0.01;
	EY	0.72^ p < 0.01;	0.25^* * p < 0.05;	0.67^* * p < 0.05;	-0.05^ p < 0.01;	0.13^ns ns not significant.	0.69^ns ns not significant.	1	0.14^ns ns not significant.	0.73^ p < 0.01;	0.40^* * p < 0.05;	0.41^* * p < 0.05;	0.12^ns ns not significant.	-0.57^ p < 0.01;	-0.14^ns ns not significant.	0.68^ p < 0.01;
	EI	0.57^ns ns not significant.	0.41^ns ns not significant.	0.38^ns ns not significant.	-0.06^ns ns not significant.	0.07^ns ns not significant.	0.24^ p < 0.01;	0.27^ns ns not significant.	1	0.26^ns ns not significant.	0.70^ p < 0.01;	0.00^ns ns not significant.	0.13^ns ns not significant.	-0.23^ns ns not significant.	-0.08^ns ns not significant.	0.21^ns ns not significant.
	NGm²	0.98^ p < 0.01;	0.66^ p < 0.01;	0.90^ p < 0.01;	0.06^ns ns not significant.	-0.02^ns ns not significant.	0.83^* * p < 0.05;	0.71^ p < 0.01;	0.55^ns ns not significant.	1	0.60^ p < 0.01;	0.24^ns ns not significant.	0.12^ns ns not significant.	-0.64^ p < 0.01;	-0.24^ns ns not significant.	0.94^ p < 0.01;
	NEm²	0.67^ p < 0.01;	0.48^ns ns not significant.	0.46^ns ns not significant.	0.18^ns ns not significant.	0.11^ns ns not significant.	0.22^* * p < 0.05;	0.32^* * p < 0.05;	0.77^ p < 0.01;	0.65^ p < 0.01;	1	0.13^ns ns not significant.	-0.09^ns ns not significant.	-0.44^ p < 0.01;	-0.21^ns ns not significant.	0.60^ p < 0.01;
	PH	0.19^ns ns not significant.	0.31^ns ns not significant.	0.32^ns ns not significant.	0.08^ns ns not significant.	-0.15^ns ns not significant.	0.08^ns ns not significant.	0.02^ns ns not significant.	0.04^ns ns not significant.	0.22^ns ns not significant.	0.22^ns ns not significant.	1	-0.01^ns ns not significant.	-0.10^ns ns not significant.	0.00^ns ns not significant.	0.28^ns ns not significant.
	LAI	0.53^ns ns not significant.	0.42^ns ns not significant.	0.41^ns ns not significant.	-0.25^ns ns not significant.	0.04^ns ns not significant.	0.33^ns ns not significant.	0.27^ns ns not significant.	0.45^ns ns not significant.	0.52^ns ns not significant.	0.42^ns ns not significant.	0.10^ns ns not significant.	1	-0.12^ns ns not significant.	0.20^ns ns not significant.	0.09^ns ns not significant.
	IMFF	-0.60^ p < 0.01;	-0.40^ns ns not significant.	-0.53^ns ns not significant.	-0.11^ns ns not significant.	-0.25^ns ns not significant.	-0.47^ns ns not significant.	-0.62^ p < 0.01;	-0.37^ns ns not significant.	-0.55^ p < 0.01;	-0.45^ p < 0.01;	0.01^ns ns not significant.	-0.41^ns ns not significant.	1	0.07^ns ns not significant.	-0.54^ p < 0.01;
	LCC	0.19^ns ns not significant.	0.23^ns ns not significant.	0.19^ns ns not significant.	-0.06^ns ns not significant.	0.12^ns ns not significant.	0.18^ns ns not significant.	0.06^ns ns not significant.	0.09^ns ns not significant.	0.18^ns ns not significant.	0.00^ns ns not significant.	0.10^ns ns not significant.	0.63^ns ns not significant.	-0.24^ns ns not significant.	1	-0.23^ns ns not significant.
	WUE	0.99^ p < 0.01;	0.63^ p < 0.01;	0.86^ p < 0.01;	0.02^ns ns not significant.	0.18^ns ns not significant.	0.84^ p < 0.01;	0.72^ p < 0.01;	0.57^ns ns not significant.	0.98^ p < 0.01;	0.67^ p < 0.01;	0.19^ns ns not significant.	0.53^ns ns not significant.	-0.60^ p < 0.01;	0.19^ns ns not significant.	1

Characteristics	_____________ Water deficit _____________			_____________ Full irrigation _____________
Characteristics	CP1	CP2	CP3	CP1	CP2	CP3
Grain yield	-0.37	0.02	-0.09	-0.41	0.00	0.02
Number of rows per ear	-0.26	0.10	0.27	-0.24	0.36	-0.19
Number of grains per ear	-0.34	0.19	-0.03	-0.24	0.41	-0.33
Ear length	-0.01	0.49	0.04	0.10	0.23	-0.57
100-grain weight	-0.05	-0.41	-0.30	0.11	0.09	0.09
Ear weight	-0.30	0.03	-0.32	-0.19	0.43	0.35
Ear yield	-0.27	0.00	-0.41	-0.35	-0.05	0.16
Ear index	-0.23	-0.07	0.26	-0.09	-0.50	-0.20
Number of grains m^-2	-0.36	0.11	-0.03	-0.42	-0.04	0.01
Number of ears m^-2	-0.26	0.11	0.27	-0.24	-0.39	-0.33
Plant height	-0.09	0.28	0.41	-0.16	0.08	-0.12
Leaf area index	-0.23	-0.43	0.35	-0.05	-0.01	0.42
Interval between male and female flowering	0.25	0.13	0.16	0.28	0.20	-0.15
Leaf chlorophyll content	-0.10	-0.48	0.31	0.11	0.07	0.09
Water-use efficiency	-0.37	0.02	-0.09	-0.41	0.00	0.02
Explained variance (eigenvalue)	7.13	1.55	1.46	5.28	2.66	1.50
Proportion of total variance (%)	47.51	10.35	9.71	35.21	17.71	10.00
Cumulative variance (%)	47.51	57.86	67.57	35.21	52.92	62.92

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[TFN1] GY: grain yield (kg ha^-1); NRE: number of rows per ear; NGE: number of grains per ear; EL: ear length (cm); 100GW: 100-grain weight (g); EW: ear weight (g); EY: ear yield; EI: ear index; NGm²: number of grains per m²; NEm²: number of ears per m²; PH: plant height (cm); LAI: leaf area index; IMFF: interval between male and female flowering; LCC: leaf chlorophyll content; WUE: water-use efficiency.

[TFN2] ^*
p < 0.05;

[TFN3] ^**
p < 0.01;

[TFN4] ^ns
not significant.