On-farm conservation of cassava in Cuiabá, Mato Grosso state, Brazil: ethnobotanical aspects and genetic diversity

Rondon, Melca Juliana Peixoto; Tiago, Auana Vicente; Hoogerheide, Eulalia Soler Sobreira

doi:10.1590/1983-40632023v5373659

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Research Article • Pesqui. Agropecu. Trop. 53 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632023v5373659 copy

On-farm conservation of cassava in Cuiabá, Mato Grosso state, Brazil: ethnobotanical aspects and genetic diversity

Conservação on farm de mandioca em Cuiabá, Mato Grosso: aspectos etnobotânicos e diversidade genética

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Family farmers are important in the on-farm conservation of cassava, since they maintain distinct ethnovarieties in their plantations. This research aimed to analyze ethnobotanical aspects and the genetic diversity of cassava ethnovarieties maintained by farmers in the Baixada Cuiabana, Mato Grosso state, Brazil, in the Rio dos Couros community. A semi-structured questionnaire was applied for the ethnobotanical characterization of the cassava ethnovarieties. Subsequently, young leaves of the cassava plants were collected for DNA extraction. The ethnobotanical survey identified 29 cassava ethnovarieties, with the most cultivated ones being Pão, Amarelona and Cacau. The farmers characterize the cassavas with the following characteristics: palatability, pulp color, origin and similarities with animals and vegetables. Genetic relationships were observed among the ethnovarieties and five groups were identified, with formation of subgroups. In these groupings, it is possible to highlight the isolation of the Matrinxã, Paraguainha and Broto Roxo ethnovarieties as the most genetically divergent ones.

KEYWORDS:
Manihot esculenta ; genetic erosion; plant genetic resources

Locus	Fluorochrome	Motif	Classification	(bp)
SSRY-21^ Mba et al. (2001). NP: motif has not been published; (bp): amplitude of amplification - base pairs.	FAM	(GA)₂₆	Simple perfect	172-212
SSRY-28^ Mba et al. (2001). NP: motif has not been published; (bp): amplitude of amplification - base pairs.	HEX	(CT)₂₆(AT)₃AC(AT)₂	Compound imperfect	160-214
SSRY-27^ Mba et al. (2001). NP: motif has not been published; (bp): amplitude of amplification - base pairs.	FAM	(CA)₁₄	Simple perfect	245-297
SSRY-35^ Mba et al. (2001). NP: motif has not been published; (bp): amplitude of amplification - base pairs.	HEX	(GT)₃GC(GT)₁₁(GA)₁₉	Compound imperfect	174-310
SSRY-8^ Mba et al. (2001). NP: motif has not been published; (bp): amplitude of amplification - base pairs.	FAM	(CA)₁₄CT(CA)₂	Simple imperfect	268-320
GAGG-5^* * Chavarriaga-Aguirre et al. (1998);	HEX	NP	-	108-150
GA-12^* * Chavarriaga-Aguirre et al. (1998);	FAM	NP	-	119-180
GA-21^* * Chavarriaga-Aguirre et al. (1998);	HEX	NP	-	104-146
GA-131^* * Chavarriaga-Aguirre et al. (1998);	FAM	NP	-	75-141
SSRY-43^ Mba et al. (2001). NP: motif has not been published; (bp): amplitude of amplification - base pairs.	HEX	(CT)₂₅	Simple perfect	229-275
SSRY-47^* * Chavarriaga-Aguirre et al. (1998);	FAM	(CA)₁₇	Simple perfect	216-280
SSRY-126^* * Chavarriaga-Aguirre et al. (1998);	HEX	(GT)₂T(GT)₅(GC)₄	Compound imperfect	225-297
GA-136^* * Chavarriaga-Aguirre et al. (1998);	FAM	NP	-	145-185
GA-140^* * Chavarriaga-Aguirre et al. (1998);	HEX	NP	-	154-192
SSRY-40^* * Chavarriaga-Aguirre et al. (1998);	HEX	(GA)₁₆	Simple perfect	211-269

Identification criteria	Ethnovarieties
Coloring (stem, petiole and leaves)	Brancona, Amarelona, Menina Branca, Broto Roxo, Pele Roxa, Roxona, Branquinha, Amarela
Morphological features (architecture, stem branching and root growth)	Vassourinha, Liberatona, Latadeira, Liberatinha, Galhadeira, Estrondadeira, Liberata
Similarity to living things (animals)	Urubu, Canela de Ema, Osso, Matrinxã, Orelha de Onçã, Juriti
Similarity to living things (vegetables)	Abóbora, Aipim, Cacau
Origin	Piauí, Guarapé, Paraguainha
Palatability (taste/texture)	Pão, Manteiga

Acronym	Ethnovarieties	Pulp	Uses
RC1	Pão	White	CC
RC2	Vassourinha^* * The cassava ethnovarieties were lost by the farmers, but they provided information about the type of use. CC: cassava for cooking; FP: flour production; SP: starch production. Source: Souza et al. (2016).	-	CC
RC3	Abóbora^* * The cassava ethnovarieties were lost by the farmers, but they provided information about the type of use. CC: cassava for cooking; FP: flour production; SP: starch production. Source: Souza et al. (2016).	-	CC/FP
RC5	Urubu^* * The cassava ethnovarieties were lost by the farmers, but they provided information about the type of use. CC: cassava for cooking; FP: flour production; SP: starch production. Source: Souza et al. (2016).	-	CC
RC6	Amarelona	White	FP
RC7	Canela de Ema	White	CC
RC9	Osso	White	FP
RC10	Matrinxã	White with red stripes	CC
RC11	Orelha de Onça	White	CC
RC12	Manteiga	Yellow	CC/FP
RC13	Cacau	White	CC/FP
RC17	Liberatona	Yellow	CC/FP
RC23	Branquinha	White	CC/FP
RC24	Juriti	White	CC
RC26	Liberatinha	White	CC
RC28	Broto Roxo	White	CC/FP/SP
RC30	Liberata	White	CC/FP
RC31	Pele Roxa	White	CC/FP
RC32	Estrondadeira	White	FP
RC34	Paraguainha	White	CC/FP/SP
RC38	Brancona	White	FP
RC44	Galhadeira	White	CC/FP

Loci	A	H_e	H_o	f	PIC
SSRY21	8	0.77	0.78	0.00	0.73
SSRY28	8	0.82	0.82	0.01	0.79
SSRY27	7	0.65	0.64	0.05	0.62
SSRY35	5	0.74	0.48	0.37	0.69
SSRY8	6	0.67	0.76	-0.12	0.62
GAGG5	2	0.44	0.66	-0.47	0.34
GA12	4	0.66	0.76	-0.13	0.59
GA21	4	0.52	0.52	0.03	0.42
GA131	8	0.82	1.00	-0.20	0.80
SSRY43	6	0.76	0.90	-0.15	0.73
SSRY47	7	0.80	0.94	-0.14	0.77
SSRY126	2	0.13	0.00	1.00	0.12
GA136	5	0.67	0.85	-0.24	0.61
GA140	7	0.75	0.71	0.07	0.71
SSRY40	5	0.78	0.93	-0.18	0.74
Mean	5.6	0.67	0.72	-0.05	0.62

Escola de Agronomia/UFG Caixa Postal 131 - Campus II, 74001-970 Goiânia-GO / Brasil, 55 62 3521-1552 - Goiânia - GO - Brazil
E-mail: revistapat.agro@ufg.br

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[TFN1] ^*
Chavarriaga-Aguirre et al. (1998)CHAVARRIAGA-AGUIRRE, P.; MAYA, M. M.; BONIERBALE, M. W.; KRESOVICH, S.; FREGENE, M. A; TOHME, J.; KOCHERT, G. Microsatellites in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz): discovery, inheritance and variability. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, v. 97, n. 3, p. 493-501, 1998.;

[TFN2] ^**
Mba et al. (2001)MBA, R. E. C.; STEPHENSON, P.; EDWARDS, K.; MELZER, S.; NKUMBIRA, J.; GULLBERG, U.; APEL, K.; GALE, M.; TOHME, J.; FREGENE, M. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers survey of the cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) genome: towards an SSR-based molecular genetic map of cassava. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, v. 102, n. 1, p. 21-31, 2001.. NP: motif has not been published; (bp): amplitude of amplification - base pairs.