Bakhsh et al. (2002)BAKHSH, A.; KANWAR, R. S.; BAILEY, T. B.; CAMBARDELLA, C. A.; KARLEN, D. L.; COLVIN, T. S. Cropping system effects on NO3-N loss with subsurface drainage water. Transactions of the ASAE, v. 45, n. 6, p. 1789-1797, 2002.
|
USA |
Nitrate losses from chisel plow were lower than those from NT |
NT > CT |
Mkhabela et al. (2008)MKHABELA, M. S.; MADANI, A.; GORDON, R.; BURTON, D.; CUDMORE, D.; ELMI, A.; HART, W. Gaseous and leaching nitrogen losses from no-tillage and conventional tillage systems following surface application of cattle manure. Soil & Tillage Research, v. 98, n. 2, p. 187-199, 2008.
|
Canada |
In most cases, nitrate was higher under CT than NT at all soil depths |
NT < CT |
Hooker et al. (2008)HOOKER, K. V.; COXON, C. E.; HACKETT, R.; KIRWAN, L. E.; O’KEEFFE, E.; RICHARDS, K. G. Evaluation of cover crop and reduced cultivation for reducing nitrate leaching in Ireland. Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 37, n. 1, p. 138-145, 2008.
|
Ireland |
CT without cover crop had lower nitrate concentrations in the first season and was not different from NT in the second season |
No difference |
Kaiser et al. (2010)KAISER, D. R.; REINERT, D. J.; REICHERT, J. M.; STRECK, C. A.; PELLEGRINI, A. Nitrate and ammonium in soil solution in tobacco management systems. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, v. 34, n. 2, p. 379-387, 2010.
|
Brazil |
NT and CT had no significant differences in the nitrate concentration of the soil solution |
No difference |
Follador et al. (2011)FOLLADOR, M.; LEIP, A.; ORLANDINI, L. Assessing the impact of cross compliance measures on nitrogen fluxes from European farmlands with DNDC-EUROPE. Environmental Pollution, v. 159, n. 11, p. 3233-3242, 2011.
|
Europe |
Fertilizer/manure application during the cold and wet seasons (CT) led to an increase of N leaching |
NT < CT |
Amon-Armah et al. (2013)AMON-ARMAH, F.; YIRIDOE, E. K.; AHMAD, N. H. M.; HEBB, D.; JAMIESON, R.; BURTON, D.; MADANI, A. Effect of nutrient management planning on crop yield, nitrate leaching and sediment loading in Thomas Brook watershed. Environmental Management, v. 52, n. 5, p. 1177-1191, 2013.
|
Canada |
Tillage did not have a significant effect on crop yield and nitrate leaching |
No difference |
Bécel et al. (2015)BÉCEL, C.; MUNIER-JOLAIN, N. M.; NICOLARDOT, B. Assessing nitrate leaching in cropping systems based on integrated weed management using the STICS soil-crop model. European Journal of Agronomy, v. 62, n. 1, p. 46-54, 2015.
|
France |
The total amount of nitrate leaching was lowest in the cropping system using no herbicide and NT |
NT < CT |
Huang et al. (2015)HUANG, M.; LIANG, T.; WANG, L.; ZHOU, C. No-tillage and fertilization management on crop yields and nitrate leaching in north China plain. Ecology and Evolution, v. 5, n. 6, p. 1143-1155, 2015.
|
China |
CT with straw minimized nitrate leaching |
NT > CT |
Meisinger et al. (2015)MEISINGER, J. J.; PALMER, R. E.; TIMLIN, D. J. Effects of tillage practices on drainage and nitrate leaching from winter wheat in the northern Atlantic coastal-plain USA. Soil & Tillage Research, v. 151, n. 1, p. 18-27, 2015.
|
USA |
NT can increase nitrate leaching during seasons with excessive rainfall |
NT > CT |
Yagioka et al. (2015)YAGIOKA, A.; KOMATSUZAKI, M.; KANEKO, N.; UENO, H. Effect of no-tillage with weed cover mulching versus conventional tillage on global warming potential and nitrate leaching. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, v. 200, n. 1, p. 42-53, 2015.
|
Japan |
Nitrate leaching was lower in NT than in CT |
NT < CT |
Jokela & Nair (2016)JOKELA, D.; NAIR, A. Effects of reduced tillage and fertilizer application method on plant growth, yield, and soil health in organic bell pepper production. Soil & Tillage Research, v. 163, n. 1, p. 243-254, 2016.
|
USA |
Soil and water quality benefits associated with NT, especially nitrate leaching, were not consistently seen in this study |
No difference |
Celik et al. (2017)CELIK, I.; GÜNAL, H.; ACAR, M.; GÖK, M.; BEREKET BARUT, Z.; PAMIRALAN, H. Long-term tillage and residue management effect on soil compaction and nitrate leaching in a Typic Haploxerert soil. International Journal of Plant Production, v. 11, n. 1, p. 131-150, 2017.
|
Turkey |
NT could significantly reduce nitrate leaching |
NT < CT |
Pisani et al. (2017)PISANI, O.; STRICKLAND, T. C.; HUBBARD, R. K.; BOSCH, D. D.; COFFIN, A. W.; ENDALE, D. M.; POTTER, T. L. Soil nitrogen dynamics and leaching under conservation tillage in the Atlantic coastal plain, Georgia, United States. Journal of Soil & Water Conservation, v. 72, n. 5, p. 519-529, 2017.
|
USA |
Nitrate leaching was not different between NT and CT with winter cover crops |
No difference |
Laine et al. (2018)LAINE, M.; RÜTTING, T.; ALAKUKKU, L.; PALOJÄRVI, A.; STRÖMMER, R. Process rates of nitrogen cycle in uppermost topsoil after harvesting in no-tilled and ploughed agricultural clay soil. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, v. 110, n. 1, p. 39-49, 2018.
|
Finland |
NT has the potential to decrease nitrate leaching |
NT < CT |
Jabro et al. (2019)JABRO, J. D.; IVERSEN, W. M.; STEVENS, W. B.; SAINJU, U. M.; ALLEN, B. L. Tillage effects on drainage fluxes and nitrate leaching through unsaturated zone under irrigated corn-soybean rotation. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, v. 35, n. 3, p. 293-300, 2019.
|
USA |
CT and NT had no significant difference in nitrate leaching, probably because of the high spatial variability |
No difference |
Zhang et al. (2020)ZHANG, Y.; XIE, D.; NI, J.; ZENG, X. Conservation tillage practices reduce nitrogen losses in the sloping upland of the Three Gorges reservoir area: no-till is better than mulch-till. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, v. 300, n. 1, p. 3-7, 2020.
|
China |
NT treatments had significantly lower nitrate leaching than CT |
NT < CT |
Colombani et al. (2020)COLOMBANI, N.; MASTROCICCO, M.; VINCENZI, F.; CASTALDELLI, G. Modeling soil nitrate accumulation and leaching in conventional and conservation agriculture cropping systems. Water, v. 12, e1571, 2020.
|
Italy |
NT with compost and mineral fertilization can diminish nitrate leaching when compared to CT |
NT < CT |
Spiess et al. (2020)SPIESS, E.; HUMPHRYS, C.; RICHNER, W.; SCHNEIDER, M. K.; PIEPHO, H.; CHERVET, A.; PRASUHN, V. Does no-tillage decrease nitrate leaching compared to ploughing under a long-term crop rotation in Switzerland? Soil and Tillage Research, v. 199, e104590, 2020.
|
Switzerland |
NT showed lower leaching rates than CT |
NT < CT |
Hess et al. (2020)HESS, L. J. T.; HINCKLEY, E. S.; ROBERTSON, G. P.; MATSON, P. A. Rainfall intensification increases nitrate leaching from tilled but not no-till cropping systems in the U. S. midwest. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, v. 290, e106747, 2020.
|
USA |
Rainfall intensification increases nitrate leaching from CT but not NT |
NT < CT |
Dai et al. (2021)DAI, Z.; HU, J.; FAN, J.; FU, W.; WANG, H.; HAO, M. No-tillage with mulching improves maize yield in dryland farming through regulating soil temperature, water and nitrate-N. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, v. 309, e107288, 2021.
|
China |
NT reduced nitrate leaching |
NT < CT |
Yuan et al. (2022)YUAN, L.; LIU, Y.; HE, H.; ZHU, T.; CHEN, X.; ZHANG, X.; LIANG, C.; XIE, H.; ZHANG, J.; MÜLLER, C.; ZHAO, X.; YAN, X.; LU, C. Effects of long-term no-tillage and maize straw mulching on gross nitrogen transformations in Mollisols of northeast China. Geoderma, v. 428, e116194, 2022.
|
China |
NT with 100 % straw reduced nitrate leaching when compared to CT |
NT < CT |
O’Brien et al. (2022)O’BRIEN, P. L.; EMMETT, B. D.; MALONE, R. W.; NUNES, M. R.; KOVAR, J. L.; KASPAR, T. C.; MOORMAN, T. B.; JAYNES, D. B.; PARKIN, T. B. Nitrate losses and nitrous oxide emissions under contrasting tillage and cover crop management. Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 51, n. 4, p. 683-695, 2022.
|
USA |
NT with rye as a cover crop reduced the nitrate concentration and, consequently, the leaching loss |
NT < CT |