Nutrient extraction and export by determinate and indeterminate common bean cultivars<sup>1</sup>

Silva, Carine Gregório Machado; Moreira, Silvino Guimarães; Moraes, Luciana Correa; Gaudencio, Josias Reis Flausino; Pimentel, Guilherme Vieira

doi:10.1590/1983-40632024v5478404

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Research Article • Pesqui. Agropecu. Trop. 54 • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632024v5478404 copy

Nutrient extraction and export by determinate and indeterminate common bean cultivars¹

Extração e exportação de nutrientes por cultivares determinadas e indeterminadas de feijão-comum

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

There is evidence that the dry mass and nutrient accumulation rates of earlier (determinate) cultivars are faster than those of normal or late cycle (indeterminate). This study aimed to quantify the nutrient extraction and export and calculate the harvest index of determinate and indeterminate common bean cultivars. A randomized block design was used, with four replicates and eight cultivars (BRS FC104, TAA Gol, BRS Estilo, BRSMG Uai, IPR Tuiuiú, BRSMG Marte, Pérola and TAA Dama). The accumulation of dry matter and nutrients at the vegetative and reproductive stages, grain yield and grain nutrient export were determined. The early cultivars TAA Gol and BRS FC104 (Type I - determinate) accumulated more dry matter and nutrients during the vegetative stage than the indeterminate types II and III. However, from R7, no differences were observed among the cultivars for extractions or nutrient exports and harvest index. The cultivars exported 33, 11, 17, 2.3, 2.2 and 1.5 kg t^-1 of grain for N, P₂O₅, K₂O, S, Mg and Ca, respectively. Micronutrient exports were 14, 3.7, 70, 13 and 34 g Mg^-1 of grain for B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn, respectively. The TAA Gol and BRS FC104 determinate cultivars reached the R9 stage at 77 days and the indeterminate cultivars at 85 (BRSMG Marte), 90 (IPR Tuiuiú and BRSMG Uai) and 93 days (TAA Dama and Pérola). BRS Estilo, BRS FC104 and TAA Gol had the lowest grain yield (< 2,200 kg ha^-1) and TAA Dama the highest grain yield (3,275 kg ha^-1).

KEYWORDS:
Phaseolus vulgaris L; early cultivars; harvest index

Cultivar	V4.3	V4.5	V4.7	R5		R8	R9	Yield		HI
Cultivar	^{________________________________________________________________} kg ha^{-1 ________________________________________________________________}									%
TAA Dama	334 b^* * Means followed by the same letter in the column do not differ from each other according to the Scott-Knott test at 5 % of significance.	409 b	1,044 a	2,102 a	2,797 a	3,370 a	6,866 a		3,275 a	47 a
BRS Estilo	338 b	569 a	673 b	680 c	3,361 a	4,646 a	5,440 b		2,031 b	38 a
BRS FC104	514 a	817 a	894 a	1,220 b	4,026 a	5,546 a	4,355 b		2,134 b	49 a
TAA Gol	654 a	610 a	921 a	1,266 b	3,979 a	5,864 a	5,130 b		2,167 b	42 a
BRS Marte	210 b	379 b	500 b	942 c	2,767 a	5,083 a	6,351 a		2,974 a	47 a
Pérola	395 b	556 a	1,206 a	2,370 a	3,513 a	4,054 a	5,378 b		2,751 a	51 a
IPR Tuiuiú	402 b	599 a	501 b	2,090 a	2,435 a	3,999 a	6,177 a		3,150 a	51 a
BRSMG Uai	304 b	488 b	465 b	2,122 a	3,303 a	3,838 a	6,543 a		2,735 a	42 a
CV (%)	29.7	30.3	31.6	15.3	22.4	29.5	28.1	20.46⁺ + Transformed data; CV: coefficient of variation; V4.3, V4.5 and V4.7: plants with 3, 5 and 7 trifoliate leaves, respectively.		7.16⁺ + Transformed data; CV: coefficient of variation; V4.3, V4.5 and V4.7: plants with 3, 5 and 7 trifoliate leaves, respectively.

Stage/cultivar		N	P₂O₅	K₂O	Ca	Mg		S	B	Cu	Fe	Mn	Zn
Stage/cultivar		^{_________________________________} kg ha^{-1 _________________________________}							^{____________________________} ha^{-1 ____________________________}
3 trifoliate leaves	TAA Dama	15 b^* * Means followed by the same letter in the column do not differ from each other according to the Scott-Knott test at 5 % of significance.	3 b	14 b	7 b	1.9 b		1.5 b	18 b	3 b	175 a	12 b	13 b
	BRS Estilo	15 b	3 b	15 b	7 b	1.6 b		1.4 b	18 b	3 b	171 a	10 b	13 b
	BRS FC104	24 a	5 a	20 b	11 a	2.4 a		2.2 a	31 a	4 b	160 a	19 a	21 a
	TAA Gol	28 a	6 a	29 a	14 a	3.0 a		2.6 a	34 a	5 a	32 a	30 a	20 a
	BRSMG Marte	10 b	2 b	8 b	4 b	0.9 b		0.8 b	14 b	2 c	102 a	6 b	7 b
	Pérola	19 b	4 b	16 b	8 b	1.9 b		1.6 b	23 b	4 b	293 a	11 b	16 b
	IPR Tuiuiú	18 b	4 b	16 b	9 b	2.1 b		1.8 b	20 b	3 b	222 a	14 b	14 b
	BRSMG Uai	14 b	3 b	12 b	6 b	1.3 b		1.2 b	20 b	2 b	146 a	7 b	10 b
	CV (%)	32	37	30	31	37		34	29	37	26⁺ + Transformed data; CV: coefficient of variation.	27⁺ + Transformed data; CV: coefficient of variation.	37
5 trifoliate leaves	TAA Dama	18 a	4 a	16 a	9 b	1.9 a		1.6 b	20 b	3 a	362 a	11 a	14 b
	BRS Estilo	22 a	5 a	28 a	12 a	2.6 a		2.3 a	28 a	5 a	274 a	19 a	23 a
	BRS FC104	35 a	7 a	31 a	17 a	3.6 a		3.2 a	40 a	6 a	426 a	27 a	30 a
	TAA Gol	28 a	5 a	27 a	13 a	2.6 a		2.5 a	34 a	5 a	338 a	18 a	21 a
	BRSMG Marte	17 a	3 a	19 a	8 b	1.6 a		1.5 b	19 b	3 a	195 a	10 a	14 b
	Pérola	26 a	5 a	25 a	11 a	2.2 a		2.0 b	24 b	4 a	265 a	16 a	20 a
	IPR Tuiuiú	26 a	6 a	30 a	12 a	2.5 a		2.3 a	28 a	5 a	272 a	16 a	22 a
	BRSMG Uai	21 a	4 a	25 a	10 a	1.8 a		1.7 b	25 b	4 a	237 a	15 a	15 b
	CV (%)	16⁺ + Transformed data; CV: coefficient of variation.	30	16⁺ + Transformed data; CV: coefficient of variation.	30	16⁺ + Transformed data; CV: coefficient of variation.		29	15⁺ + Transformed data; CV: coefficient of variation.	31	26⁺ + Transformed data; CV: coefficient of variation.	24⁺ + Transformed data; CV: coefficient of variation.	31
7 trifoliate leaves	TAA Dama	50 a	8 a	50 a	22 a	4.4 a		3.9 a	41 a	9 a	456 a	28 a	38 a
	BRS Estilo	30 b	5 b	33 b	14 b	2.8 b		2.5 b	26 b	5 b	376 a	19 b	23 b
	BRS FC104	41 a	8 a	43 a	19 a	4.4 a		3.8 a	46 a	9 a	554 a	29 a	42 a
	TAA Gol	42 a	8 a	46 a	20 a	3.8 a		3.4 a	42 a	8 a	643 a	33 a	39 a
	BRSMG Marte	23 b	4 b	25 b	10 b	2.1 b		1.9 b	23 b	4 b	354 a	14 b	19 b
	Pérola	51 a	10 a	65 a	24 a	5.66 a		4.6 a	46 a	10 a	435 a	34 a	49 a
	IPR Tuiuiú	23 b	5 b	22 b	11 b	2.1 b		1.9 b	24 b	4 b	325 a	11 b	16 b
	BRSMG Uai	19 b	4 b	23 b	10 b	1.7 b		1.6 b	21 b	4 b	395 a	13 b	17 b
	CV (%)	32	32	33	33	37		32	32	30	25⁺ + Transformed data; CV: coefficient of variation.	37	32
Flower budding	TAA Dama	79 a	16 a	82 b	34 a	8.2 a		6.5 a	73 a	16 a	887 a	41 a	83 a
	BRS Estilo	29 c	5 c	31 d	11 d	2.7 c		2.2 c	32 c	5 c	267 b	17 b	19 b
	BRS FC104	55 b	10 b	55 c	22 c	5.1 b		4.1 b	59 b	9 b	425 b	31 b	42 b
	TAA Gol	55 b	10 b	58 c	21 c	5.1 b		4.2 b	62 b	10 b	931 a	30 b	42 b
	BRSMG Marte	39 c	7 c	45 d	16 d	3.5 c		3.0 c	45 c	7 b	414 b	25 b	34 b
	Pérola	79 a	16 a	99 a	35 a	8.4 a		6.7 a	93 a	16 a	824 a	51 a	69 a
	IPR Tuiuiú	69 a	15 a	100 a	28 b	7.1 a		5.8 a	79 a	15 a	723 a	40 a	54 a
	BRSMG Uai	72 a	15 a	111 a	29 b	7.1 a		5.7 a	87 a	16 a	777 a	44 a	62 a
	CV (%)	20	18	17	17	19		17	16	16	26	30	30
Pod formation	TAA Dama	86 a	24 a	125 a	59 a	13 a		10 a	136 a	29 a	1,084 a	61 a	91 b
	BRS Estilo	102 a	27 a	170 a	67 a	14 a		11 a	150 a	36 a	1,670 a	76 a	123 a
	BRS FC104	132 a	34 a	153 a	82 a	17 a		14 a	199 a	40 a	1,335 a	89 a	143 a
	TAA Gol	113 a	35 a	168 a	76 a	16 a		13 a	206 b	42 a	2,005 a	89 a	137 a
	BRSMG Marte	79 a	24 a	132 a	53 a	11 a		9 a	129 a	28 a	847 a	54 a	93 b
	Pérola	101 a	31 a	165 a	68 a	15 a		12 a	157 a	40 a	1,839 a	86 a	129 a
	IPR Tuiuiú	67 a	21 a	121 a	60 a		12 a	9 a	126 a	28 a	1,155 a	64 a	75 b
	BRSMG Uai	89 a	28 a	177 a	73 a		14 a	11 a	165 a	34 a	1,432 a	72 a	104 b
	CV (%)	13⁺ + Transformed data; CV: coefficient of variation.	24	22	28		25	24	20	23	21+	25	22
Pod filling	TAA Dama	93 a	18 a	97 a	46 a		10 a	8 a	99 a	22 a	676 a	46 a	77 a
	BRS Estilo	125 a	28 a	139 a	70 a		15 a	12 a	171 a	31 a	1,077 a	94 a	129 a
	BRS FC104	140 a	31 a	147 a	66 a		16 a	12 a	172 a	30 a	991 a	90 a	131 a
	TAA Gol	150 a	37 a	153 a	77 a		20 a	15 a	215 a	36 a	1,473 a	115 a	134 a
	BRSMG Marte	123 a	29 a	155 a	66 a		15 a	11 a	148 a	31 a	949 a	81 a	112 a
	Pérola	105 a	24 a	122 a	53 a		12 a	10 a	134 a	25 a	635 a	75 a	91 a
	IPR Tuiuiú	99 a	22 a	116 a	54 a		13 a	9 a	127 a	26 a	811 a	55 a	77 a
	BRSMG Uai	95 a	22 a	126 a	50 a		11 a	8 a	133 a	20 a	570 a	50 a	69 a
	CV (%)	15⁺ + Transformed data; CV: coefficient of variation.	14⁺ + Transformed data; CV: coefficient of variation.	29	30		16⁺ + Transformed data; CV: coefficient of variation.	15⁺ + Transformed data; CV: coefficient of variation.	14⁺ + Transformed data; CV: coefficient of variation.	14⁺ + Transformed data; CV: coefficient of variation.	20⁺ + Transformed data; CV: coefficient of variation.	20⁺ + Transformed data; CV: coefficient of variation.	16⁺ + Transformed data; CV: coefficient of variation.
Physiological maturation	TAA Dama	218 a	61 a	246 a	124 a		39 a	27 a	312 a	39 a	3,622 a	145 a	286 a
	BRS Estilo	165 a	48 a	227 a	87 a		29 a	21 a	288 a	31 a	4,642 a	178 a	233 a
	BRS FC104	160 a	45 a	176 a	80 a		24 a	18 a	233 a	30 a	1,892 a	121 a	203 a
	TAA Gol	167 a	46 a	221 a	104 a		29 a	22 a	282 a	32 a	2,715 a	196 a	225 a
	BRSMG Marte	186 a	56 a	223 a	79 a		25 a	20 a	222 a	28 a	1,251 a	115 a	245 a
	Pérola	157 a	45 a	201 a	67 a		26 a	19 a	254 a	29 a	1,691 a	88 a	185 a
	IPR Tuiuiú	206 a	58 a	223 a	99 a		31 a	24 a	314 a	36 a	3,219 a	153 a	303 a
	BRSMG Uai	178 a	56 a	195 a	77 a		22 a	17 a	240 a	27 a	2,285 a	127 a	198 a
	CV (%)	23	22	30	43		35	32	34	29	47	35	33

Cultivar	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	Ca	Mg	S	B	Cu	Fe	Mn	Zn
Cultivar	^{_______________________________} kg Mg^{-1 _______________________________}						^{_____________________________} g Mg^{-1 _____________________________}
TAA Dama	30 a^* * Means followed by the same letter in the column do not differ from each other according to the Scott-Knott test at 5 % of significance.	10 a	16 a	1.4 a	2.5 a	2.4 a	16 a	3.5 a	82 a	11 a	32 a
BRS Estilo	32 a	11 a	17 a	1.0 a	2.4 a	2.4 a	17 a	3.4 a	64 a	14 a	36 a
BRS FC 104	35 a	12 a	17 a	0.9 a	1.9 a	2.1 a	14 a	3.6 a	66 a	14 a	35 a
TAA Gol	34 a	11 a	17 a	1.5 a	2.2 a	2.3 a	15 a	3.3 a	65 a	13 a	32 a
BRSMG Marte	35 a	12 a	18 a	1.3 a	1.8 b	2.1 a	12 a	3.7 a	70 a	13 a	40 a
Pérola	32 a	10 a	16 a	2.4 a	2.5 a	2.5 a	16 a	3.9 a	72 a	11 a	31 a
IPR Tuiuiú	34 a	11 a	17 a	2.0 a	2.2 a	2.2 a	16 a	4.3 a	68 a	13 a	33 a
BRSMG Uai	35 a	13 a	18 a	1.4 a	2.1 a	2.1 a	16 a	4.0 a	70 a	15 a	36 a
Mean	33	11	17	1.5	2.2	2.3	14	3.7	70	13	34
CV (%)	8.7	13.8	8.3	23.2⁺ + Transformed data; CV: coefficient of variation.	9.7	5.7	15.1	23.8	13.3	15.5	10.7

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[TFN1] ^*
Means followed by the same letter in the column do not differ from each other according to the Scott-Knott test at 5 % of significance.

[TFN2] ⁺
Transformed data; CV: coefficient of variation; V4.3, V4.5 and V4.7: plants with 3, 5 and 7 trifoliate leaves, respectively.

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Nutrient extraction and export by determinate and indeterminate common bean cultivars1

Extração e exportação de nutrientes por cultivares determinadas e indeterminadas de feijão-comum

ABSTRACT

Nutrient extraction and export by determinate and indeterminate common bean cultivars¹