A catalogue of the Pseudomyrmecinae ants type specimens (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) deposited in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil

A catalogue of the Pseudomyrmecinae ants type specimens (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) deposited in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil

Carlos Roberto F. Brandão^I,II; Flávia A. Esteves^I,III; Lívia P. Prado^I,IV

^IMuseu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Caixa Postal 42.494, CEP 04218-970, São Paulo, SP, Brasil

^IIE-mail: [e-mail]

^IIIE-mail: [e-mail]

^IVE-mail: [e-mail]

ABSTRACT

This catalogue lists the type specimens of 37 species of Pseudomyrmecinae ants deposited in the Hymenoptera Formicidae collection of the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, which holds types of the only two genera that occur in the Neotropics, Pseudomyrmex Lund and Myrcidris Ward. We record the label information, condition of the specimens, nomenclatural changes, type status, and provide an index of the listed taxa.

Keywords: Hymenoptera; Formicidae; Ants; Types; MZUSP; Pseudomyrmecinae; Myrcidris; Pseudomyrmex.

RESUMO

Este catálogo lista espécimes tipos de 37 espécies de formigas Pseudomyrmecinae depositadas na coleção de Formicidae da seção de Hymenoptera do Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, e que pertencem aos dois gêneros que ocorrem na Região Neotropical, Pseudomyrmex Lund e Myrcidris Ward. São apresentados os dados dos rótulos, estado de conservação dos exemplares, mudanças nomenclaturais, status taxonômicos e um índice para os táxons catalogados.

Palavras-chave: Hymenoptera; Formicidae; Formigas; Tipos; MZUSP; Pseudomyrmecinae; Myrcidris; Pseudomyrmex.

INTRODUCTION

The Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo (MZUSP) holds one of the most important collections of Neotropical ants (Brandão, 2000), due to the acquisition of the Kempf-Borgmeier collection in 1977 with support from CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico) and FAPESP (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo). Before the transfer of the collection, most of it was handled in collaboration (curatorial, collection or deposit of material) among Carlos Alberto Campos Seabra, Thomas Borgmeier, Walter Kempf, Hermann Lüderwaldt and Karol Lenko (see Brandão, 1991). Since 1981, C.R.F. Brandão and his students and associates have been adding material to the collection, in special from localities not represented before, incorporating also material forwarded to the Museu de Zoologia by several colleagues, to whom we acknowledge here. The present catalogue is the third of a series which aims to list all ant types hereby deposited. We have published thus far a catalogue of the Attini ants (Myrmicinae), including a history of the MZUSP Formicidae collection (Klingenberg & Brandão, 2005), and a catalogue of "Poneromorph" ant types (Scott-Santos et al. 2008).

The objective of this catalogue is to provide label information, conservation status of type specimens, and the current taxonomic status of the species, including nomenclatural changes according to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (1999). We treat in the present paper type specimens of Pseudomyrmex Lund and Myrcidris Ward, deposited in the MZUSP collection. Our aim is to boost further studies and also avoid unnecessary movement of precious, sometimes unique, specimens.

The Pseudomymecinae comprises about 300 nominal species worldwide, currently recognized in three genera: Myrcidris Ward (one species), Pseudomyrmex Lund (~ 200 species) and the Old World tropics Tetraponera Smith (~ 100 species) (Ward & Downie, 2005).

The taxonomy of Pseudomyrmecinae is one of the most studied among the Neotropical ant subfamilies, in particular because of a series of revisions of Pseudomyrmex species groups by Kempf (1958, 1960, 1961, 1967), because of a series of reviews using molecular methods and morphological characters by Ward (1985, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1996, 1999, 2003, 2006, 2009, and Ward & Downie, 2005), and also for cytogenetic studies (Sposito et al., 2006 and Moya et al., 2007).

MATERIAL AND METHODS

For the elaboration of this catalogue, information from all labels associated with Pseudomyrmecinae types were compared with the appropriate original descriptions, that can be found in Agosti & Johnson (2005). The nomenclature of Pseudomyrmecinae type specimens was updated following the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (1999).

The combination of type names within genera and species are quoted in alphabetical order. The following abbreviations are used: col. = collector, coll. = collection, g = gyne, m = male, w = worker; to indicate conservation status of the specimens, the following abbreviations are used: W = wing, W1 and W2 representing the anterior and posterior left wings, respectively, and W3 and W4 representing the right wings, L = leg, L1, L2 and L3 representing the left legs and L4, L5 and L6 the right legs, and A = antenna, A1 representing the left antenna; A2 representing the right antenna. Furthermore, we also indicate broken body parts glued to the paper triangle that holds the type specimen, or that are missing. To record information related to the MZUSP Pseudomyrmecinae types, the following order is adopted in the present catalogue: species name, author, publication year, page numbers, type category, number of type specimens of each sex or caste, locality, date, collector, original collection name, collection number or collection code, and the name of the specialist who identified the species taken from labels or publications (in original language). We also present conservation and taxonomic status for each entry. Additional information, present in publications but not recorded in labels, is presented in brackets. We also present an index of all valid names listed in the current catalogue and, when necessary, their respective synonyms. Taxonomic information about the species listed here can be found in Bolton (1995, 2003).

RESULTS

This catalogue includes information on types of 37 Pseudomyrmecinae nominal species, including 128 individuals (95 of Pseudomyrmex Lund and 33 of Myrcidris Ward), of which 25 are considered valid today and 12 have been already synonymized. The MZUSP collection holds species represented by only three holotypes (two lost), two by holotypes and paratypes, 21 only by paratypes, 10 by syntypes, and one by a lectotype. The types were described or synonymized by Auguste Forel, Carlo Emery, Felix Santschi, Frederick Smith, Gustav Mayr, Philip S. Ward (mostly), Thomas Borgmeier, Walter W. Kempf, William Morton Wheeler and Willian S. Creighton. Before being transferred to the MZUSP these ant specimens belonged to the collections of Campos Seabra, Gustav Mayr, Thomas Borgmeier, Walter W. Kempf and William Morton Wheeler. All specimens are currently housed in the laboratory of Hymenoptera MZUSP, curated by Carlos Roberto F. Brandão.

Subfamily Pseudomyrmecinae

Tribe Pseudomyrmecini

Genus Myrcidris Ward, 1990

Myrcidris epicharis Ward, 1990: 467. Paratypes: 4 w. BRAZIL, Am[azonas], n[ea]r Manaus, Res[erva Biológica de] Campina, km 44, BR-174, ex "Siparuna" (= Myrcia sp.), 27.viii.1979, W.W. Benson [col.], #50F. Paratypes: 5 w. BRAZIL, Am[azonas], n[ea]r Manaus, Res[erva Biológica de] Campina, [km 44, BR-174], ex "Siparuna" (= Myrcia sp.), 29.vii.1979, W.W. Benson [col.], #26F. Paratypes: 6 w. BRAZIL, Am[azonas], NNE [north-northeast] Manaus, 80 m, Faz[enda] Esteio, 80 km, 02º25'S, 59º46'W, 15.ix.1987, P.S. Ward [col.], #9146, 9147; 1 w, missing L2 tibia; 1 w, missing petiole, postpetiole and gaster. Paratype: 1 w. BRAZIL, Am[azonas], Manaus, km 27, ZF-3, around Res[erva] 1101 [Biológica de] Camp[ina], Gavião Day, 10.viii.[19]81, [W.W. Benson col.]. Paratypes: 2 g, 15 w. BRAZIL, Am[azonas], n[ea]r Manaus, km 44.5, BR-174, E.E.S.T., INPA, ex 7 m in "Siparuna" internodes (= Myrcia sp.), 30.vii.1981, W.W. Benson [col.], #370F.; 1 g, missing head, L1 and L4 tibia, L2 tarsal claws, L5 and L6 trochanter and wings; 1 g, missing L1 and wings.

Genus Pseudomyrmex Lund, 1831

Pseudomyrmex alustratus Ward, 1989: 409. Holotype: 1 w lost in transit. [PERU, Chanchamayo, Anashirone River, 16.vii.1963, C.A. Portocarrero col., #A47, Kempf nº4060] Paratypes: 2 w. PERU, Chanchamayo, Anashirone River, 22.viii.1963, C.A. Portocarrero col., Coll. Kempf 4072, #73.

Pseudomyrmex alvarengai Kempf, 1961a: 372. Holotype: 1 w. BRASIL, Pará, Jacareacanga, x.1959, M. Alvarenga leg. [col.], Coleção Campos Seabra; missing L1 tarsal claws.

Pseudomyrmex apache Creighton, 1953b: 134. Paratypes: 3 w. U[NITED] S[TATES OF] A[MERICA], Ariz[ona], Baboquivari m[ountain]s, Brown Canyon 4400', in Q[uercus] oblongifolia, 02.ix.[19]51, W.S. Creighton [col.], Creighton det.

Pseudomyrmex browni Kempf, 1967c: 3. Holotype: 1 w. P[ANAMA], C[anal] Z[one], Frijoles, 10.vii.[19]24, G.C. Wheeler [col.], Kempf det.; missing A1 funiculus. Paratype: 1 w. [BRASIL], Amapá, [Rio] Anicoí, Braço Sul, 17.vi.1959, Lane and Bicelli [col.], Kempf det; missing A1 funiculus and L1 trochanter.

Pseudomyrmex cretus Ward, 1989: 412. Paratypes: 3 w. C[OSTA] R[ICA], Prov[ince] Guanacaste, Santa Rosa, Nat[ional]P[ar]k, 10º51'N, 85º37'W, 300 m, ex dead twig of Schoepfia tropic dry forest, 14.xii.1983, P.S. Ward [col.], #6434.

Pseudomyrmex crudelis Ward, 1999: 516. Paratypes: 1 g, 1 m, 2 w. PERU, San Martín, 24 km, NNE [north-northeast] Tarapoto, 06º18'S, 76º16'W, 220 m, ex Tachigalia, edge of second-growth rainfor[est], 23.viii.1986, P.S. Ward [col.], #8705.

Pseudomyrma damnosa Wheeler, 1921f: 139. Syntypes: 1 g, 3 w. B[RITISH] G[UIANA], Kartabo, vii/viii.1920, [no col.], W.M. Wheeler Collection, #22869, Det. W.L. Brown; 1 g, missing A1, A2, L2 tarsal claws, L3 tarsus, L4 and L6 trochanter, postpetiole and gaster; 1 w, missing head. Junior synonym of Pseudomyrmex latinoda (Mayr, 1978: 877) (see Kempf, 1961a: 406).

Pseudomyrmex deminutus Ward, 1999: 517. Paratype: 1 g. BRA[ZIL], Am[azonas], Rio Juma, near Apuí, 400 km E[ast] Humaita, Transamazonica Hwy [highway] [7º08'S, 59º57'W], ex Tachigali, 30.iv.1985, F. Rickson [col.], B-41-85; missing W3.

Pseudomyrma dendroica Forel, 1904c: 40. Syntype: 1 w. [BRASIL], AM[azonas], Rio Purus, [no date], A[ndré] Göldi [col.], #84; missing L3 and L5 tarsal claws. Combination in Pseudomyrmex dendroicus by Kempf (1961a: 408) (see Forel, 1904c: 40).

Pseudomyrma denticollis var. infusca Forel, 1908c: 382. Syntypes: 5 w. [BRASIL], S[ão] P[aulo], Ipiranga, [no date], H. Luederwaldt [col.], Coll. Borgm[eier], #2631, 2681, Forel det.; 1 w, missing L6 tarsus; 1 w, missing A1, A2, head, mesosoma, L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6 and petiole. Junior synonym of Pseudomyrmex termitarius (Smith, F., 1855c: 158) (see Kempf, 1960a: 8).

Pseudomyrmex eculeus Ward, 1999: 518. Paratype: 1 w. ECU[ADOR], Prov[ince] Napo, Jatun Sacha, 01º04'S, 77º36'W, 450 m, ex Tachigali, rainfor[est], 13.ix.1992, B.L. Fisher [col.], #458.

Pseudomyrmex ferox Ward, 1999: 519. Paratypes: 1 g, 1 m, 2 w. PERU, San Martín, 8 km, ENE [east-northeast] Tarapoto, 06º27'S, 76º18'W, 700 m, ex Tachigali, rainforest edge, 19.viii.1986, P.S. Ward [col.], #8604; 1 w, L3 is glued on a paper triangle.

Pseudomyrmex hesperius Ward, 1993: 157. Paratype: 1 w. MEX[ICO], Sin[aloa], 15.9 mi[les], NE [northeast] Concordia, Hwy [highway] 40, 600 m, ex Acacia hindsii, 09.vi.1967, D.H. Janzen [col.]; XVIII.

Pseudomyrmex hospitalis Ward, 1999: 522. Paratype: 1 w. PERU, San Martín, 8 km ENE [east-northeast] Tarapoto, 06º27'S, 76º18'W, 700 m, 19.viii.1986, P.S. Ward [col.], #8612; A1 is glued on a paper triangle and missing L1.

Pseudomyrmex inquilinus Ward, 1996: 255. Paratype: 1 g. ARG[ENTINA], Catamarca, Santa Maria, 26º42'S, 66º03'W, 2000 m, ex dead twig of Baccharis old field/pasture in #12844 nest, 02.ii.1995, P.S. Ward [col.], #12845, Det. P.S. Ward; head and L4 trochanter are glued on a paper triangle.

Pseudomyrmex insuavis Ward, 1999: 492. Paratype: 1 w. COL[OMBIA], Amazonas, Araracuara, 00º38'S, 72º15'W, ex Tachigali hypoleuca, iv.1994, G. Gangi [col.], #224.

Pseudomyrmex janzeni Ward, 1993: 143. Paratypes: 1 g, 1 m, 1 w. MEX[ICO], Nay[arit], 60 mi. SE [Southeast] Acaponeta, Hwy [highway] 15, Acacia hindsii 15.ix.1963, D.H. Janzen [col.]; 1 g, missing wings.

Pseudomyrma kuenckeli var. dichroa Forel, 1904c: 41. Lectotype: 1 w. COLOMBIA, Dibulla, branche sêche, [no date], A. Forel [col.], #3177, Forel det.; missing A2 funiculus, L1 trochanter, L2 and L5 tarsus. Junior synonym of Pseudomyrmex kuenckeli (Emery, 1890b: 62) (see Kempf, 1961a: 402).

Pseudomyrmex leptosus Ward, 1985b: 233. Paratypes: 1 g, 1 m. U[NITED] S[TATES OF] A[MERICA], Fl[orida], Alachua Co[unty], S[outh] Gainesville, Paynes Prairie, 8 mi, (ex lab [colony established from] mixed nest of [P.] leptosus and [P.] ejectus, orig[inally] coll[ected], 05.viii.1982.), 16.v.1982, R.[W.] Klein [col.]; 1 g, missing W1.

Pseudomyrma maligna Wheeler, 1921f: 143. Syntypes: 3 w. B[RITISH] G[UIANA], Kartabo, vii/viii.1920, [no col.], W.M. Wheeler collection, #22866, Det., W.L. Brown; 1 w, missing L1 tarsus. Combination in Pseudomyrmex malignus by Kempf (1961a: 400) (see Wheeler, 1921f: 143).

Pseudomyrma maligna var. cholerica Wheeler, 1921f: 146. Syntypes: 3 w. B[RITISH] G[UIANA], Kartabo, vii/viii.1920, W.M. Wheeler [col.], #22867, Det. W.L. Brown. Junior synonym of Pseudomyrmex malignus by Wheeler, (1921f: 143) (see Ward, 1989: 440).

Pseudomyrma maligna var. crucians Wheeler, 1921f: 147. Syntypes: 3 w. B[RITISH] G[UIANA], Kartabo, vii/viii.1920, [no col.], W.M. Wheeler collection #22868, Det. W.L. Brown; 1 w, missing L5 trochanter. Junior synonym of Pseudomyrmex malignus by Wheeler, (1921f: 143) (see Ward, 1989:440).

Pseudomyrmex mixtecus Ward, 1993: 144. Paratype: 1 w. MEXICO, Guerrero, 25.4 mi, S[outh], km 314, Chilpancingo, 10.viii.1966, [D.H.] Janzen [col.]; M008810966.

Pseudomyrma ogloblini Santschi, 1936d: 402. Syntype: 1 w. REP[UBLICA] ARGENTINA, Misiones, Loreto, [no date], A.A. Ogloblin [col.], nº 2088, det. Borgmeier. Junior synonym of Pseudomyrmex urbanus by Smith, (1877b: 65) (see Ward, 1989: 427).

Pseudomyrmex opaciceps Ward, 1993: 159. Paratype: 1 w. GUATEMALA, Retalhuleu State, Puente Samala, 3.8 mi, NE [Northeast] San Felipe, on Quezal. – Retal. R[oa]d, 24.vii.1966, [D.H.] Janzen [col.], code W006724966; L2 and L6 tibia are glued on a paper triangle.

Pseudomyrma pallens var. adusta Borgmeier, 1929: 198. Syntypes: 18 w. [BRASIL], M[inas] G[erais], Varginha, 10.iv.1927, T. Borgmeier [col.], #1478, 1479; 1 w, head, pronotum, L1 and L4 trochanter are glued on a paper triangle; 1 w, head is glued on a paper triangle; 1 w, missing L6; 1 w, missing A1 funiculus; 1 w, missing A1, A2, head, mesosoma, L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6 and petiole; 1 w, head is glued on a paper triangle, missing A1, A2, postpetiole and gaster; 1 w, missing A1 and L1. Combination in Pseudomyrmex adustus by Kempf (1960: 7) (see Borgmeier, 1929: 198).

Pseudomyrma pallens var. gibbinota Forel 1908c: 384. Syntypes: 3 w. [BRASIL], S[ão] P[aulo], Bauru, [no date, no col.], MP 5971, CTB 2686, W.W. Kempf det., For[el] det.; 1 w, postpetiole and gaster are glued on a paper triangle; 1 w, missing A2 funiculus, L2, L4 and L5, L6, postpetiole and gaster are glued on a paper triangle. Combination in Pseudomyrmex gibbinotus (Kempf, 1960a: 7) (see Forel, 1908c: 384).

Pseudomyrmex particeps Ward, 1993: 146. Paratype: 1 w. C[OSTA] R[ICA], Puntarenas, Rincon, Pen[insula] Osa, ex. Acacia, 03.iii.1965, D.H. Janzen [col.], [#]III; missing L2 tarsal claws and L5 tarsus.

Pseudomyrmex pisinnus Ward, 1989: 425. Holotype: 1 w lost in transit. [BRAZIL, São Paulo, Monte Aprazível, Fazenda Bacuri, 20º45'S, 49º42'W, in Eupatorium stem, 19.vii.1974, M. Dimiz col., #644]. Paratypes: 2 w. BRAZIL, S[ão] P[aulo], Monte Aprazível, Faz[enda] Bacuri, em caule seco, Eupatorium, M. Dimiz [col.]; 1 w, only one leg is glued on a paper triangle; 1 w, only mandibles are glued on a paper triangle.

Pseudomyrma schuppi Forel, 1901d: 298. Syntype: 1 w. [BRASIL], Rio Grande d[o] Sul, S[ão] Leopoldo, [no date, no col.], 3972. Combination in Pseudomyrmex schuppi (Kempf, 1961a: 380) (see Forel, 1901d: 298).

Pseudomyrmex seminole Ward, 1985b: 237. Paratype: 1 g. [UNITED STATES OF AMERICA], Fl[orida], Monroe Co[unty], 5 m, John Pennekamp St[ate] P[ar]K, dead Andropogon culm, roadside n[ea]r mangrove, 14.ix.1982, P.S. Ward [col.], #5722. Paratype: 1 w. [UNITED STATES OF AMERICA], Flo[rida], 12 mi, N[orth] Key Largo, 25º13'N, 80º20'W, open, grassy ground, 10.i.1979, P.S. Ward [col.], #3203.

Pseudomyrmex semotus Kempf, 1960a: 392. Holotype: 1 w. [BRASIL], Amapá, [Rio] Anicoí, Braço Sul, 24.vi.1959, [J.] Lane e [R.] Bicelli col., Kempf det. Junior synomym of godmani (Kempf, 1967c: 6).

Pseudomyrmex sericeus Mayr, 1870a: 412. Paratype: 1 w. COSTA RICA, [no date, no col.], coll. G. Mayr; missing L1 and L2 tarsus, postpetiole and gaster are glued on a paper triangle.

Pseudomyrmex simulans Kempf, 1958f: 459. Paratypes: 3 g, 9 w. PAN[AMÁ], Tumba Muerta r[oa]d, Acacia spadicigera, 02 and 05.iv.1923, W.M. Wheeler [col.], #270, 271, 295, Kempf det.; 1 g, missing head; 1 w, missing L1 and L2; 1 w, missing head, promesonotum and L1 trochanter; 1 w, missing L1 tarsal claws, postpetiole and gaster; 1 w, missing L5 tarsus.

Pseudomyrmex ultrix Ward, 1999: 509. Paratype: 1 w. ECUADOR, Napo, 13 km, NNE [north-northeast] Archidona, 00º48'S, 77º47'W, 960 m, ex. Triplaris roadside edge, 07.viii.1991, P.S. Ward [col.], #11393.

Pseudomyrmex villosus Ward, 1989: 434. Holotype: 1 w lost in transit. [BRAZIL, Mato Grosso, Utiariti, Rio Papagaio (= Rio Sauêruiná), 13º02'S, 58º17'W, 325 m, viii.1961, K. Lenko col.].

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We thank Rodrigo M. Feitosa for his help during all stages of this work. Three anonymous reviewers made helpful comments to improve this article. We thank also the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP).

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WARD, P.S. 1999. Systematics, biogeography and host plant associations of the Pseudomyrmex viduus group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), Triplaris and Tachigali inhabiting ants. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 126:451-540.

WARD, P.S. 2003. Subfamilia Pseudomyrmecinae. In: Fernandéz, F. (Editor), Introducción a las hormigas de la región Neotropical. Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogotá, p. 331-333.

WARD, P.S. 2006. The ant genus Tetraponera in the Afrotropical region: synopsis of species groups and revision of the T. ambigua-group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Myrmecologische Nachrichten, 8:119-130.

WARD, P.S. 2009. The ant genus Tetraponera in the Afrotropical region: the T. grandidieri group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 18(2):285-304.

WHEELER, W.M. 1921. The Tachigalia ants. Zoologica, 3:137-168.

Recebido em: 13.09.2010

Aceito em: 03.11.2010

Impresso em: 10.12.2010

APPENDIX

Index I: Currently valid names of the listed taxa, followed by their cited synonyms, when present.

Myrcidris epicharis

Pseudomyrmex adustus – Pseudomyrma pallens var. adusta

Pseudomyrmex alustratus

Pseudomyrmex alvarengai

Pseudomyrmex apache

Pseudomyrmex browni

Pseudomyrmex concolor – Pseudomyrma damnosa

Pseudomyrmex cretus

Pseudomyrmex crudelis

Pseudomyrmex deminutus

Pseudomyrmex dendroicus – Pseudomyrma dendroica

Pseudomyrmex eculeus

Pseudomyrmex ferox

Pseudomyrmex gibbinotus – Pseudomyrma pallens var. gibbinota

Pseudomyrmex godmani – Pseudomyrmex semotus

Pseudomyrmex hesperius

Pseudomyrmex hospitalis

Pseudomyrmex inquilinus

Pseudomyrmex insuavis

Pseudomyrmex janzeni

Pseudomyrmex kuenckeli – Pseudomyrma kuenckeli var. dichroa

Pseudomyrmex leptosus

Pseudomyrmex malignus – Pseudomyrma maligna

Pseudomyrmex malignus – Pseudomyrma maligna var. cholerica

Pseudomyrmex malignus – Pseudomyrma maligna var. crucians

Pseudomyrmex mixtecus

Pseudomyrmex opaciceps

Pseudomyrmex particeps

Pseudomyrmex pisinnus

Pseudomyrmex schuppi – Pseudomyrma schuppi

Pseudomyrmex seminole

Pseudomyrmex sericeus

Pseudomyrmex simulans

Pseudomyrmex termitarius – Pseudomyrma denticollis var. infusca

Pseudomyrmex ultrix

Pseudomyrmex urbanus – Pseudomyrma ogloblini

Pseudomyrmex villosus

Index II: List of cited synonyms, followed by respective valid names

Pseudomyrma damnosa – Pseudomyrmex concolor

Pseudomyrma denticolis var. infusca – Pseudomyrmex termitarius

Pseudomyrma kuenckeli var. dichroa – Pseudomyrmex kuenckeli

Pseudomyrma maligna var. cholerica – Pseudomyrmex malignus

Pseudomyrma maligna var. crucians – Pseudomyrmex malignus

Pseudomyrma ogloblini – Pseudomyrmex urbanus

Pseudomyrmex semotus – Pseudomyrmex godmani

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• WARD, P.S. 2003. Subfamilia Pseudomyrmecinae. In: Fernandéz, F. (Editor), Introducción a las hormigas de la región Neotropical. Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogotá, p. 331-333.
• WARD, P.S. 2006. The ant genus Tetraponera in the Afrotropical region: synopsis of species groups and revision of the T. ambigua-group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Myrmecologische Nachrichten, 8:119-130.
• WARD, P.S. 2009. The ant genus Tetraponera in the Afrotropical region: the T. grandidieri group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 18(2):285-304.
• WHEELER, W.M. 1921. The Tachigalia ants. Zoologica, 3:137-168.

Publication Dates

• Publication in this collection
  08 Dec 2010
• Date of issue
  2010

History

• Received
  13 Sept 2010
• Accepted
  03 Nov 2010