New records of <i>Pegantha</i> spp. (Hydrozoa: Narcomedusae) off Northern Brazil

Specimens of Pegantha laevis H.B. Bigelow, 1909 and Pegantha triloba Haeckel, 1879 were found in oceanic waters off the northern Brazilian coast. The former species is clearly distinct due to the thickness and shape of peripheral channels, while the latter is recognized mainly due to the exumbrellar furrows and long otoporpae. This study represents the first actual record of P. laevis inside the Brazilian Economic Exclusive zone, since previous reports were far away from the coast, and clarifies the presence of P. triloba off Brazil.

Key-Words.
Jellyfish; Cnidaria; Hydrozoa; Taxonomy; Biodiversity; South Atlantic

Authorship

Everton Giachini Tosetto ³3 E-mail: evertontosetto@hotmail.com (corresponding author)

Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Centro de Tecnologia e Geociências (CTG), Departamento de Oceanografia (DOCEAN). Recife, PE, BrasilUniversidade Federal de PernambucoBrazilRecife, PE, BrazilUniversidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Centro de Tecnologia e Geociências (CTG), Departamento de Oceanografia (DOCEAN). Recife, PE, Brasil

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-0942

Sigrid Neumann-Leitão ⁴4 E-mail: sigridnl@uol.com.br

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7878-8772

Miodeli Nogueira Júnior

Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza (CCEN), Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia (DSE), João Pessoa, PB, Brasil.. E-mail: miodeli@gmail.comUniversidade Federal da ParaíbaBrazilJoão Pessoa, PB, BrazilUniversidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza (CCEN), Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia (DSE), João Pessoa, PB, Brasil.. E-mail: miodeli@gmail.com

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5409-8312

3 E-mail: evertontosetto@hotmail.com (corresponding author)

4 E-mail: sigridnl@uol.com.br

Conflict of Interest: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures | Tables

Figures (4)
Tables (1)

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Figure 1
Pegantha laevis medusa from North Brazil. (A) Aboral view. (B) Detail of marginal lappet and peripheral channel.

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Figure 2
Pegantha triloba medusae from North Brazil. (A and B) Oral view. (C) Detail of marginal lappet and otoporpae. (D) Aboral view showing furrows and ridges on exumbrella. (E) Detail of tri-lobed gonads. Arrows indicate some otoporpae.

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Figure 3
Global distribution of the narcomedusa Pegantha laevis based on this study and literature records. The dashed line shows the 250 m isobath, roughly corresponding to the shelf break (generated using Ocean Data View software; Schlitzer, 2007Schlitzer, R. 2007. Ocean Data View. Available at: https://odv.awi.de.
https://odv.awi.de... ). Data Source: 1 = this study; 2 = Bigelow, 1909Bigelow, H.B. 1909. Report of the Scientific Expedition to the Eastern Tropical Pacific US Fish. comm. St. “Albatross” 1904-1905. XVI Medusae. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard, 37: 301-320.; 3 = Kramp, 1955Kramp, P.L. 1955. The medusae of the tropical west coast of Africa. Atlantide Reports, 3: 239-324.; 4 = Kramp, 1957; 5 = Kramp, 1959a; 6 = Kramp, 1959b; 7 = Kramp, 1965; 8 = Fagetti, 1973Fagetti, E. 1973. Medusas de aguas chilenas. Revista de Biología Marina, Valparaíso, 15(1): 31-75.; 9 = Bouillon et al., 1986Bouillon, J.; Claereboudt, M. & Seghers, G. 1986. Hydroméduses de la baie de Hansa (Mer de Bismarck; Papouasie; Nouvelle-Guinée). Répartition, conditions climatiques et hydrologiques. Indo-Malayan Zoology, 3(2): 105-152.; Bouillon, 1978; 10 = Navas-Pereira & Vannucci, 1990Navas-Pereira, D. & Vannucci, M. 1990. Antarctic Hydromedusae and water masses. Pesquisa Antártica Brasileira, 2: 101-141.; 11 = Pagès et al., 1992Pagès, F. 1992. Mesoscale coupling between planktonic cnidarian distribution and water masses during a temporal transition between active upwelling and abatement in the northern Benguela system. South African Journal of Marine Science, 12(1): 41-52.; 12 = Buecher et al., 2005Buecher, E.; Goy, J. & Gibbons, M.J. 2005. Hydromedusae of the Agulhas current. African Invertebrates, 46(1): 27-69.; 13 = León et al., 2005León, M.E.; Tejera, E.; Hernández, F. & Conway, D. 2005. Medusas de las islas de Cabo Verde: resultados de la campaña TFMCBM/98 Cabo Verde. Vieraea, 33: 11-28.; 14 = Ayón et al., 2008Ayón, P.; Criales-Hernandez, M.I.; Schwamborn, R. & Hirche, H.J. 2008. Zooplankton research off Peru: A review. Progress in Oceanography, 79(2-4): 238-255.; 15 = Genzano et al., 2008Genzano, G.; Mianzan, H.W. & Bouillon, J. 2008. Hydromedusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the temperate southwestern Atlantic Ocean: a review. Zootaxa, 1750: 1-18.; 16 = Rodriguez, 2012Rodriguez, C.S. 2012. Hidromedusas del Atlántico sudoccidental: Biodiversidad y patrones de distribución. Ph.D. Thesis. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata.; 17 = Gasca & Browne, 2017Gasca, R. & Browne, W.E. 2017. Symbiotic associations of crustaceans and a pycnogonid with gelatinous zooplankton in the Gulf of California. Marine Biodiversity..

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Figure 4
Global distribution of the narcomedusa Pegantha triloba based on this study and literature records. The dashed line shows the 250 m isobath, roughly corresponding to the shelf break (generated using Ocean Data View software; Schlitzer, 2007Schlitzer, R. 2007. Ocean Data View. Available at: https://odv.awi.de.
https://odv.awi.de... ). Data Source: 1 = this study; 2 = Haeckel, 1879Haeckel, E. 1879. Das System der Medusen: Erster Theil einer Monographie der Medusen. Jena, Denkschriften Gesellschaft. 360p.; 3 = Bigelow, 1909Bigelow, H.B. 1909. Report of the Scientific Expedition to the Eastern Tropical Pacific US Fish. comm. St. “Albatross” 1904-1905. XVI Medusae. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard, 37: 301-320.; 4 = Vanhöffen, 1913Vanhöffen, E. 1912. Die craspedoten Medusen der Deutschen Südpolar-Expedition 1901-1903. In: Deutsche Südpolar-Expedition, 1901-1903. Zoologie V. Berlin, Verlag von Georg Reimer. v. 13, p. 351-395.; 5 = Kramp, 1948Kramp, P.L. 1948b. Trachymedusae and Narcomedusae from the ‘Michael Sars’ North Atlantic Deep-Sea Expedition 1910 with additions on Anthomedusae, Leptomedusae and Scyphomedusae. In: Report on the scientific results of the “Michael Sars” north Atlantic deep-sea expedition 1910. Bergen, Bergern Museum. v. 5, p. 1-23.a; 6 = Kramp, 1948b apud Kramp, 1961; 7 = Ranson, 1949Ranson, G. 1949. Résultats scientifiques des croisières du navire-école belge “Mercator”.: II-Meduses. Mémoires du Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, série 2, 33: 121-158.; 8 = Kramp, 1957; 9 = Kramp, 1959b; 10 = Bouillon et al., 1988Bouillon, J.; Seghers, G. & Boero, F. 1988. Notes additionnelles sur les méduses de Papouasie Nouvelle-Guinée (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria). III. Indo-Malayan Zoology, 5: 225-253.; 11 = Bouillon et al., 1986; 12 = Chang, 2008Chang, W. 2008. Spatiotemporal distribution of hydromedusae in relation to hydrography in the waters surrounding Taiwan. Ph.D. Thesis. National Sun Yat-Sen University, Taiwan.; 13 = Du et al., 2012Du, F.Y.; Xu, Z.Z.; Huang, J.Q. & Guo, D.H. 2012. Studies on the medusae (Cnidaria) from the Beibu Gulf in the Northern South China Sea, with description of three new species. Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 37(3): 506-519.; 14 = Kramp, 1965; 15 = Larson, 1982Larson, R.J. 1982. Medusae (Cnidaria) from Carrie Bow Cay, Belize. Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences, 12: 253-258.; 16 = Loman-Ramos et al., 2007Loman-Ramos, L.; Ordóñez-López, U. & Segura-Puertas, L. 2007. Spatial variation of medusan community (Cnidaria) in the Southern Gulf of Mexico, during autumn 1999. Hidrobiologica, 17(3): 203-212.; 17 = Ayón et al., 2008Ayón, P.; Criales-Hernandez, M.I.; Schwamborn, R. & Hirche, H.J. 2008. Zooplankton research off Peru: A review. Progress in Oceanography, 79(2-4): 238-255.; 18 = Baldrich & López, 2010Baldrich, A.M. & López, R.H. 2010. Hidromedusas mesozooplanctónicas del océano Pacífico colombiano. Biota Colombiana, 11(1/2): 3-11.; 19 = Navas-Pereira & Vannucci, 1990Navas-Pereira, D. & Vannucci, M. 1991. The hydromedusae and water masses of the Indian Ocean. Boletim do Instituto Oceanográfico, 39(1): 25-60.; 20 = Navas-Pereira & Vannucci, 1991; 21 = Pagès, 1992Pagès, F.; Gili, J.-M. & Bouillon, J. 1992. Medusae (Hydrozoa, Scyphozoa, Cubozoa) of the Benguela Current (southeastern Atlantic). Scientia Marina, 56: 1-64.; 22 = Pagès et al., 1992; 23 = Segura-Puertas, 1984Segura-Puertas, L. 1984. Morfología, sistemática y zoogeografía de las medusas (cnidaria: hydrozoa y scyphozoa) del Pacífico tropical oriental. Mexico, UNAM. 314p. (Publicaciones especiales Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia, 8).; 24 = Segura-Puertas, 1991Segura-Puertas, L. 1991. Medusas (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa y Scyphozoa) de la región del Domo de Costa Rica. Revista de Biología Tropical, 39(1): 159-163.; 25 = Suárez-Morales et al., 2002Suárez-Morales, E.; Gasca, R.; Segura-Puertas, L. & Biggs, D.C. 2002. Planktonic cnidarians in a cold-core ring in the Gulf of Mexico. Anales del Instituto de Biología Serie Zoología, 73: 19-36.; 26 = Vannucci & Navas, 1973Vannucci, M. & Navas, D. 1973. Patterns of distribution of Arabian Sea hydromedusae. In: Special Publication dedicated to Dr NK Panikkar. Kerala, Marine Biological Association of India. v. 1: 110-121.; 27 = Xu & Wu, 1998Xu, Z. & Wu, H. 1998. Life cycle of parasitic species of Pegantha triloba from Xiamen Harbour. Journal of Oceanography in Taiwan Strait, 17: 86-89.; 28 = Suárez-Morales et al., 1999Suárez-Morales, E.; Segura-Puertas, L. & Gasca, R. 1999. Medusan (Cnidaria) assemblages off the Caribbean coast of Mexico. Journal of Coastal Research, 15: 140-147.; 29 = Segura-Puertas, 1992Segura-Puertas, L. 1992. Medusae (Cnidaria) from the Yucatan shelf and Mexican Caribbean. Bulletin of Marine Science, 51(3): 353-359.; 30 = Bleeker & Van Der Spoel, 1988Bleeker, J. & Van Der Spoel, S. 1988. Medusae of the Amsterdam Mid North Atlantic Plankton Expeditions (1980-1983) with description of two new species. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, 58(2): 227-258.; 31 = Chaparro & Peralta, 2013Chaparro, A.M.B. & Peralta, R.H.L. 2013. Hidromedusas del Pacífico Colombiano: Aspectos Básicos de su Dinámica Ecológica. Revista Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, 9(1): 108-131.; 32 = Repelin, 1965Repelin, R. 1965. Quelques méduses de l’île Anno Bon (golfe de Guinée). Cahiers Office de la Research Scientifique et Technique Outre-Mer Oceanograph, 3: 73-79.; 33 = Chaparro, 2007Chaparro, A.M.B. 2007. Hidromedusas del Pacífico Colombiano durante los cruceros 2001-2004 del estudio regional del fenómeno El Niño. B.S. thesis. Universidad de Bogotá, Bogotá.; 34 = Muñoz-Pozo, 2015Muñoz-Pozo, J.F. 2015. Distribución de la medusa (Cnidarios Hydrozoa) en la zona costera del puerto pesquero de Chanduy-Santa Elena, Durante el periodo de Enero-Abril 2015. B.S. thesis. Universidad Estatal Península de Santa Elena, Santa Helena.; 35 = Vanhöffen, 1912 apud Kramp, 1961; 36 = Fernández-Álamo, 2002Fernández-Álamo, M.A. 2002. Sifonoforos, medusas, poliquetos y quetognatos pelágicos de Bahía de Banderas, Jalisco-Nayarit. Informe final del proyecto S147. CONABIO, Mexico City..

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Table 1
Pegantha laevis and Pegantha triloba occurrences off northern Brazil. T = temperature; S = salinity.

Figure 1 Pegantha laevis medusa from North Brazil. (A) Aboral view. (B) Detail of marginal lappet and peripheral channel.

Figure 2 Pegantha triloba medusae from North Brazil. (A and B) Oral view. (C) Detail of marginal lappet and otoporpae. (D) Aboral view showing furrows and ridges on exumbrella. (E) Detail of tri-lobed gonads. Arrows indicate some otoporpae.

Figure 3 Global distribution of the narcomedusa Pegantha laevis based on this study and literature records. The dashed line shows the 250 m isobath, roughly corresponding to the shelf break (generated using Ocean Data View software; Schlitzer, 2007Schlitzer, R. 2007. Ocean Data View. Available at: https://odv.awi.de.
https://odv.awi.de... ). Data Source: 1 = this study; 2 = Bigelow, 1909Bigelow, H.B. 1909. Report of the Scientific Expedition to the Eastern Tropical Pacific US Fish. comm. St. “Albatross” 1904-1905. XVI Medusae. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard, 37: 301-320.; 3 = Kramp, 1955Kramp, P.L. 1955. The medusae of the tropical west coast of Africa. Atlantide Reports, 3: 239-324.; 4 = Kramp, 1957; 5 = Kramp, 1959a; 6 = Kramp, 1959b; 7 = Kramp, 1965; 8 = Fagetti, 1973Fagetti, E. 1973. Medusas de aguas chilenas. Revista de Biología Marina, Valparaíso, 15(1): 31-75.; 9 = Bouillon et al., 1986Bouillon, J.; Claereboudt, M. & Seghers, G. 1986. Hydroméduses de la baie de Hansa (Mer de Bismarck; Papouasie; Nouvelle-Guinée). Répartition, conditions climatiques et hydrologiques. Indo-Malayan Zoology, 3(2): 105-152.; Bouillon, 1978; 10 = Navas-Pereira & Vannucci, 1990Navas-Pereira, D. & Vannucci, M. 1990. Antarctic Hydromedusae and water masses. Pesquisa Antártica Brasileira, 2: 101-141.; 11 = Pagès et al., 1992Pagès, F. 1992. Mesoscale coupling between planktonic cnidarian distribution and water masses during a temporal transition between active upwelling and abatement in the northern Benguela system. South African Journal of Marine Science, 12(1): 41-52.; 12 = Buecher et al., 2005Buecher, E.; Goy, J. & Gibbons, M.J. 2005. Hydromedusae of the Agulhas current. African Invertebrates, 46(1): 27-69.; 13 = León et al., 2005León, M.E.; Tejera, E.; Hernández, F. & Conway, D. 2005. Medusas de las islas de Cabo Verde: resultados de la campaña TFMCBM/98 Cabo Verde. Vieraea, 33: 11-28.; 14 = Ayón et al., 2008Ayón, P.; Criales-Hernandez, M.I.; Schwamborn, R. & Hirche, H.J. 2008. Zooplankton research off Peru: A review. Progress in Oceanography, 79(2-4): 238-255.; 15 = Genzano et al., 2008Genzano, G.; Mianzan, H.W. & Bouillon, J. 2008. Hydromedusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the temperate southwestern Atlantic Ocean: a review. Zootaxa, 1750: 1-18.; 16 = Rodriguez, 2012Rodriguez, C.S. 2012. Hidromedusas del Atlántico sudoccidental: Biodiversidad y patrones de distribución. Ph.D. Thesis. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata.; 17 = Gasca & Browne, 2017Gasca, R. & Browne, W.E. 2017. Symbiotic associations of crustaceans and a pycnogonid with gelatinous zooplankton in the Gulf of California. Marine Biodiversity..

Figure 4 Global distribution of the narcomedusa Pegantha triloba based on this study and literature records. The dashed line shows the 250 m isobath, roughly corresponding to the shelf break (generated using Ocean Data View software; Schlitzer, 2007Schlitzer, R. 2007. Ocean Data View. Available at: https://odv.awi.de.
https://odv.awi.de... ). Data Source: 1 = this study; 2 = Haeckel, 1879Haeckel, E. 1879. Das System der Medusen: Erster Theil einer Monographie der Medusen. Jena, Denkschriften Gesellschaft. 360p.; 3 = Bigelow, 1909Bigelow, H.B. 1909. Report of the Scientific Expedition to the Eastern Tropical Pacific US Fish. comm. St. “Albatross” 1904-1905. XVI Medusae. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard, 37: 301-320.; 4 = Vanhöffen, 1913Vanhöffen, E. 1912. Die craspedoten Medusen der Deutschen Südpolar-Expedition 1901-1903. In: Deutsche Südpolar-Expedition, 1901-1903. Zoologie V. Berlin, Verlag von Georg Reimer. v. 13, p. 351-395.; 5 = Kramp, 1948Kramp, P.L. 1948b. Trachymedusae and Narcomedusae from the ‘Michael Sars’ North Atlantic Deep-Sea Expedition 1910 with additions on Anthomedusae, Leptomedusae and Scyphomedusae. In: Report on the scientific results of the “Michael Sars” north Atlantic deep-sea expedition 1910. Bergen, Bergern Museum. v. 5, p. 1-23.a; 6 = Kramp, 1948b apud Kramp, 1961; 7 = Ranson, 1949Ranson, G. 1949. Résultats scientifiques des croisières du navire-école belge “Mercator”.: II-Meduses. Mémoires du Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, série 2, 33: 121-158.; 8 = Kramp, 1957; 9 = Kramp, 1959b; 10 = Bouillon et al., 1988Bouillon, J.; Seghers, G. & Boero, F. 1988. Notes additionnelles sur les méduses de Papouasie Nouvelle-Guinée (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria). III. Indo-Malayan Zoology, 5: 225-253.; 11 = Bouillon et al., 1986; 12 = Chang, 2008Chang, W. 2008. Spatiotemporal distribution of hydromedusae in relation to hydrography in the waters surrounding Taiwan. Ph.D. Thesis. National Sun Yat-Sen University, Taiwan.; 13 = Du et al., 2012Du, F.Y.; Xu, Z.Z.; Huang, J.Q. & Guo, D.H. 2012. Studies on the medusae (Cnidaria) from the Beibu Gulf in the Northern South China Sea, with description of three new species. Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 37(3): 506-519.; 14 = Kramp, 1965; 15 = Larson, 1982Larson, R.J. 1982. Medusae (Cnidaria) from Carrie Bow Cay, Belize. Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences, 12: 253-258.; 16 = Loman-Ramos et al., 2007Loman-Ramos, L.; Ordóñez-López, U. & Segura-Puertas, L. 2007. Spatial variation of medusan community (Cnidaria) in the Southern Gulf of Mexico, during autumn 1999. Hidrobiologica, 17(3): 203-212.; 17 = Ayón et al., 2008Ayón, P.; Criales-Hernandez, M.I.; Schwamborn, R. & Hirche, H.J. 2008. Zooplankton research off Peru: A review. Progress in Oceanography, 79(2-4): 238-255.; 18 = Baldrich & López, 2010Baldrich, A.M. & López, R.H. 2010. Hidromedusas mesozooplanctónicas del océano Pacífico colombiano. Biota Colombiana, 11(1/2): 3-11.; 19 = Navas-Pereira & Vannucci, 1990Navas-Pereira, D. & Vannucci, M. 1991. The hydromedusae and water masses of the Indian Ocean. Boletim do Instituto Oceanográfico, 39(1): 25-60.; 20 = Navas-Pereira & Vannucci, 1991; 21 = Pagès, 1992Pagès, F.; Gili, J.-M. & Bouillon, J. 1992. Medusae (Hydrozoa, Scyphozoa, Cubozoa) of the Benguela Current (southeastern Atlantic). Scientia Marina, 56: 1-64.; 22 = Pagès et al., 1992; 23 = Segura-Puertas, 1984Segura-Puertas, L. 1984. Morfología, sistemática y zoogeografía de las medusas (cnidaria: hydrozoa y scyphozoa) del Pacífico tropical oriental. Mexico, UNAM. 314p. (Publicaciones especiales Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia, 8).; 24 = Segura-Puertas, 1991Segura-Puertas, L. 1991. Medusas (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa y Scyphozoa) de la región del Domo de Costa Rica. Revista de Biología Tropical, 39(1): 159-163.; 25 = Suárez-Morales et al., 2002Suárez-Morales, E.; Gasca, R.; Segura-Puertas, L. & Biggs, D.C. 2002. Planktonic cnidarians in a cold-core ring in the Gulf of Mexico. Anales del Instituto de Biología Serie Zoología, 73: 19-36.; 26 = Vannucci & Navas, 1973Vannucci, M. & Navas, D. 1973. Patterns of distribution of Arabian Sea hydromedusae. In: Special Publication dedicated to Dr NK Panikkar. Kerala, Marine Biological Association of India. v. 1: 110-121.; 27 = Xu & Wu, 1998Xu, Z. & Wu, H. 1998. Life cycle of parasitic species of Pegantha triloba from Xiamen Harbour. Journal of Oceanography in Taiwan Strait, 17: 86-89.; 28 = Suárez-Morales et al., 1999Suárez-Morales, E.; Segura-Puertas, L. & Gasca, R. 1999. Medusan (Cnidaria) assemblages off the Caribbean coast of Mexico. Journal of Coastal Research, 15: 140-147.; 29 = Segura-Puertas, 1992Segura-Puertas, L. 1992. Medusae (Cnidaria) from the Yucatan shelf and Mexican Caribbean. Bulletin of Marine Science, 51(3): 353-359.; 30 = Bleeker & Van Der Spoel, 1988Bleeker, J. & Van Der Spoel, S. 1988. Medusae of the Amsterdam Mid North Atlantic Plankton Expeditions (1980-1983) with description of two new species. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, 58(2): 227-258.; 31 = Chaparro & Peralta, 2013Chaparro, A.M.B. & Peralta, R.H.L. 2013. Hidromedusas del Pacífico Colombiano: Aspectos Básicos de su Dinámica Ecológica. Revista Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, 9(1): 108-131.; 32 = Repelin, 1965Repelin, R. 1965. Quelques méduses de l’île Anno Bon (golfe de Guinée). Cahiers Office de la Research Scientifique et Technique Outre-Mer Oceanograph, 3: 73-79.; 33 = Chaparro, 2007Chaparro, A.M.B. 2007. Hidromedusas del Pacífico Colombiano durante los cruceros 2001-2004 del estudio regional del fenómeno El Niño. B.S. thesis. Universidad de Bogotá, Bogotá.; 34 = Muñoz-Pozo, 2015Muñoz-Pozo, J.F. 2015. Distribución de la medusa (Cnidarios Hydrozoa) en la zona costera del puerto pesquero de Chanduy-Santa Elena, Durante el periodo de Enero-Abril 2015. B.S. thesis. Universidad Estatal Península de Santa Elena, Santa Helena.; 35 = Vanhöffen, 1912 apud Kramp, 1961; 36 = Fernández-Álamo, 2002Fernández-Álamo, M.A. 2002. Sifonoforos, medusas, poliquetos y quetognatos pelágicos de Bahía de Banderas, Jalisco-Nayarit. Informe final del proyecto S147. CONABIO, Mexico City..

Table 1 Pegantha laevis and Pegantha triloba occurrences off northern Brazil. T = temperature; S = salinity.

	Location	Number of specimens	T(°C)	S	Bottom depth (m)
P. laevis	0.0013°N, 38.0073°W	1	27.9	36.2	4,426
P. triloba	3.9963°N, 38.0042°W	7	28.1	36	4,208
	5.9126°N, 49.7035°W	1	27.6	36.2	3,592

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New records of <i>Pegantha</i> spp. (Hydrozoa: Narcomedusae) off Northern Brazil

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[1] 3 E-mail: evertontosetto@hotmail.com (corresponding author)