Figure 1
Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos (RJ, Brazil), trails in Guapimirim: (A) Alameda Von Spix, (B) Araçari camping, (C) Caninana Trail, (D) Circular Trail, (E) Mãe d’Água Trail, (F) Museu Von Martius, (G) Poço da Capela.
Figure 2
Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos (RJ, Brazil), trails in Guapimirim: (A) Poço da Preguiça, (B) Poço Verde, (C) Ponte Velha, (D) Recanto das Ruínas.
Figure 3
Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos (RJ, Brazil), trails in Teresópolis: (A) Barragem, (B) Bosque Santa Helena, (C) Cachoeira Ceci-Peri, (D) Cachoeira do Papel, (E) Cartão Postal Trail, (F) Casa do Pesquisador, (G) Mozart-Catão Trail.
Figure 4
Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos (RJ, Brazil), trails in Teresópolis: (A) Poço do Beija-Flor, (B) Poço do Castelo, (C) Poço Dois Irmãos, (D) Primavera Trail, (E) Suspensa Trail, (F) 360 Trail.
Figure 5
Insect galls of Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos (RJ, Brazil): (A) On Justicia sp. (Acanthaceae), bud gall, (B-C) On Guatterria cf. australis A. St.-Hill. (Annonaceae): (B) leaf gall, (C) stem gall, (D) On Forsteronia sp. (Apocynaceae), stem gall, (E-G) On Araceae: (E) On Philodendron propinquum Schott., leaf gall, (F) On Philodendron roseopetiolatum Nadruz & Mayo, leaf gall, (G) On Philodendron sp., leaf gall, (H) On Dendropanax sp. (Araliaceae), leaf gall, (I-L) On Asteraceae: (I) On Baccharis sp., bud gall, (J) On Dasyphyllum flagellare (Casar.) Cabrera, (K-L) On Dasyphyllum leptacanthum (Gardner) Cabrera: (K) Leaf gall, (L) Stem gall.
Figure 6
Insect galls of Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos (RJ, Brazil): (A-T) On Asteraceae: (A) On Lepidaploa sp., stem gall, (B-C) On Mikania cf. campanulata Gardner: (B) leaf gall, (C) stem gall, (D-E) On Mikania cf. confertissima Sch. Bip.: (D) leaf vein, (E) leaf petiole, (F-H) On Mikania hirsutissima DC.: (F) leaf midvein gall, (G) bud gall, (H) leaf gall, (I-K) On Mikania cf. paniculata DC.: (I) leaf gall, (J) bud gall, (K) leaf gall, (L) On Mikania cf. ternata (Vell.) B.L. Rob., leaf gall, (M) On Mikania sp. 1, leaf gall, (N) On Mikania sp. 2, leaf gall, (O-Q) On Mikania sp. 3: (O) leaf gall, (P) bud gall, (Q) stem gall, (R) On Piptocarpha quadrangularis (Vell.) Baker, leaf gall, (S-T) On Piptocarpha sp.: (S) bud gall, (T) stem gall.
Figure 7
Insect galls of Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos (RJ, Brazil): (A-F) On Asteraceae: (A) On Asteraceae sp. 1, stem gall, (B) On Asteraceae sp. 2, leaf petiole gall, (C) On Asteraceae sp. 3, leaf gall, (D) On Asteraceae sp. 4., leaf petiole gall, (E) On Asteraceae sp. 5, stem gall, (F) On Asteraceae sp. 6, leaf petiole gall, (G-L) On Bignoniaceae: (G) On Adenocalymma sp., stem gall, (H) On Handroanthus serratifolius (Vahl.) S. Grose, leaf gall, (I) On Handroanthus sp., leaf gall, (J-K) On Stizophyllum perforatum (Cham.) Miers: (J) leaf petiole gall, (K) leaf gall, (L) Tanaecium pyramidatum (Rich.) L.G. Lohmann, stem gall.
Figure 8
Insect galls of Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos (RJ, Brazil): (A-B) On Bignoniaceae: (A) On Bignoniaceae sp. 1, leaf gall, (B) On Bignoniaceae sp. 2, stem and leaf petiole gall, (C) On Varronia sp. (Boraginaceae), bud gall, (D) On Rhipsalis olivifera N.P. Taylor & Zappi (Cactaceae), leaf gall, (E) On Celastraceae sp., leaf gall, (F-G) On Clusiaceae: (F) On Clusia lanceolata Camb., leaf gall, (G) On Tovomitopsis paniculata (Spreng.) Planch & Triana, leaf gall, (H) On Cayaponia sp. 2 (Curcubitaceae), leaf petiole, (I) On Dioscorea laxiflora Mart. ex Griseb. (Dioscoreaceae), leaf petiole, (J) On Polybotrya sp. (Dryopteridaceae), leaf petiole, (K-L) On Euphorbiaceae: (K) On Croton echinocarpus Müll. Arg., stem gall, (L) On Croton floribundus Spreng., leaf gall.
Figure 9
Insect galls of Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos (RJ, Brazil): (A-B) On Euphorbiaceae: (A) On Plukenetia serrata (Vell.) L.J. Gillespie, stem gall, (B) On Sapium glandulosum (L.) Morong, leaf gall, (C-L) On Fabaceae: (C-D) On Copaifera trapezifolia Hayne: (C) leaf gall, (D) bud gall, (E) On Copaifera sp., leaf gall, (F) On Dahstedtia pinnata (Benth.) Malme, stem gall, (G-I) On Dalbergia foliolosa Benth.: (G) bud gall, (H) leaf gall, (I) stem gall, (J-K) On Dalbergia sp. 1: (J) leaf gall, (K) stem gall, (L) On Dalbergia sp. 2, leaf gall.
Figure 10
Insect galls of Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos (RJ, Brazil): (A-L) On Fabaceae: (A) On Dalbergia sp. 2, stem gall, (B-C) On Inga barbata Benth.: (B) stem gall, (C) leaf gall, (D-E) Inga lanceifolia Benth., (D) stem gall, (E) leaf gall, (F-G) On Inga marginata Willd.: (F) bud gall, (G) leaf gall, (H) On Inga sp., leaf vein gall, (I-K) On Machaerium nyctitans (Vell.) Benth.: (I) stem gall, (J) bud gall (with trichomes), (K) bud gall (glabrous), (L) On Machaerium oblongifolium Vogel., leaf gall.
Figure 11
Insect galls of Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos (RJ, Brazil): (A-I) On Fabaceae: (A) On Myrocarpus frondosus Alemão, leaf gall, (B-C) On Pseudopiptadenia inaequalis (Benth.) Rauschert: (B) leaf gall, (C) stem gall, (D) On Senegalia sp. 1, stem gall, (E) On Senegalia sp. 2, bud gall, (F) On Nematanthus crassifolius (Schott.) Wiehler (Gesneriaceae), stem gall, (G-K) On Lauraceae: (G-H) On Ocotea cf. elegans Mez.: (G) stem gall, (H) leaf gall, (I) On Ocotea sp. 1, stem gall, (J) On Ocotea sp. 2, leaf gall, (K) On Lauraceae sp., leaf gall, (L) On Struthanthus sp. (Loranthaceae), aerial root gall.
Figure 12
Insect galls of Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos (RJ, Brazil): (A-I) On Malpighiaceae: (A) On Bunchosia cf. maritima (Vell.) J.F. Macbr., stem gall, (B-D) On Bunchosia sp. 1, (B) leaf gall, (C) bud gall, (D) petiole gall, (E) On Heteropterys sp. 1, leaf petiole gall, (F) On Heteropterys sp. 2, stem gall, (G-I) On Niedenzuella poeppigiana (A. Juss.) W.R. Anderson: (G) stem gall, (H) bud gall, (I) leaf gall, (J) On Bertolonia acuminata Gardner (Melastomataceae), bud gall.
Figure 13
Insect galls of Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos (RJ, Brazil): (A-M) On Melastomataceae: (A) On Leandra acutiflora (Naudin) Cogn., bud gall, (B) On Meriania paniculata (DC.) Triana, leaf gall, (C) On Meriania sp., leaf gall, (D-G) On Miconia buddlejoides Triana, (D) stem gall, (E) leaf gall, (F) leaf gall, (G) leaf gall, (H-J) On Miconia fasciculata Gardner: (H) stem gall, (I) leaf gall, (J) bud gall, (K) On Miconia paniculata, stem gall, (L) On Miconia sp. 1, stem gall, (M) On Miconia sp. 2, stem gall.
Figure 14
Insect galls of Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos (RJ, Brazil): (A-L) On Melastomataceae: (A) On Miconia sp. 3, leaf gall, (B-C) On Miconia sp. 4: (B) leaf gall, (C) bug gall, (D) On Miconia sp. 5, leaf gall, (E) On Miconia sp. 6, leaf gall, (F) On Miconia sp. 7, leaf gall, (G-H) On Miconia sp. 8: (G) bud gall, (H) leaf gall, (I) On Pleroma sp. 1, bud gall, (J) On Pleroma sp. 2, leaf petiole gall, (K) On Pleroma sp. 3, bud gall, (L) On Pleroma sp. 4, bud gall.
Figure 15
Insect galls of Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos (RJ, Brazil): (A-K) On Melastomataceae: (A) On Pleroma sp. 5, leaf gall, (B-C) On Melastomataceae sp. 1: (B) leaf gall, (C) petiole gall, (D) On Melastomataceae sp. 2, leaf gall, (E) On Melastomataceae sp. 3, leaf gall, (F-G) On Melastomataceae sp. 4: (F) stem gall, (G) leaf gall, (H) On Melastomataceae sp. 5, stem gall, (I) On Melastomataceae sp. 6, leaf gall, (J) On Melastomataceae sp. 7, stem gall, (K) On Melastomataceae sp. 8, bud gall, (L) On Guarea macrophylla subsp. tuberculata (Vell.) T.D. Penn. (Meliaceae), leaf gall.
Figure 16
Insect galls of Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos (RJ, Brazil): (A-C) On Meliaceae: (A) On Guarea macrophylla subsp. tuberculata (Vell.) T.D. Penn., leaf gall, (B-C) On Trichilia silvatica C. DC.: (B) leaf gall, (C) bud gall, (D-F) On Monimiaceae: (D-E) On Mollinedia glabra (Spreng.) Perkins: (D) bud gall, (E) stem gall, (F) On Mollinedia schottiana (Spreng.) Perkins, leaf gall, (G) On Sorocea guillemiana Gaudich (Moraceae), bud gall, (H) On Myrsine sp. (Myrsinaceae), leaf gall, (I-O) On Myrtaceae: (I-J) On Campomanesia guaviroba (DC.) Kiaersk.: (I) globoid leaf gall, (J) fusiform leaf vein gall, (K-L) On Eugenia laruotteana Cambess.: (K) conical leaf gall, (L) globoid leaf gall, (M-N) On Eugenia prasina O. Berg.: (M) conical leaf gall, (N) fusiform leaf vein gall, (O) On Eugenia sp. 1, leaf gall.
Figure 17
Insect galls of Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos (RJ, Brazil): (A-L) On Myrtaceae: (A-D) On Eugenia sp. 2: (A) leaf gall, (B) bud gall, (C) leaf gall, (D) bud gall, (E-G) On Eugenia sp. 3: (E) leaf vein gall, (F) stem gall, (G) bud gall, (H-I) On Eugenia sp. 4: (H) stem gall, (I) leaf gall, (J-K) On Myrcia sp. 1: (J) intralaminar leaf gall, (K) extralaminar leaf gall, (L) On Myrcia sp. 2, bud gall.
Figure 18
Insect galls of Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos (RJ, Brazil): On Myrtaceae: (A-I) On Myrcia sp. 3, leaf gall, (B) Myrcia sp. 4, leaf gall, (C-D) On Myrciaria disticha O. Berg.: (C) stem gall, (D) leaf gall, (E) On Plinia martinelli G.M. Barroso & M.V. Peron, leaf gall, (F-H) On Siphoeugena sp. 1: (F) cylindrical leaf gall, (G) stem gall, (H) globoid leaf gall, (I) On Siphoeugena sp. 2, bud gall, (J) On Myrtaceae sp. 1, leaf gall, (K) On Myrtaceae sp. 2, stem gall, (L) On Myrtaceae sp. 3, leaf gall.
Figure 19
Insect galls of Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos (RJ, Brazil): (A-E) On Myrtaceae: (A) On Myrtaceae sp. 4, bud gall, (B) On Myrtaceae sp. 5, leaf gall, (C) On Myrtaceae sp. 6, leaf gall, (D) On Myrtaceae sp. 7, leaf gall, (E) On Myrtaceae sp. 8, leaf gall, (F) On Myrtaceae sp. 9, leaf gall, (G-M) On Guapira opposita (Vell.) Reitz. (Nyctaginaceae), (G) stem gall, (H) stem gall, (I) leaf gall, (J) leaf gall, (K) leaf gall, (L) bud gall, (M) bud gall.
Figure 20
Insect galls of Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos (RJ, Brazil): (A-D) On Guapira opposita (Vell.) Reitz. (Nyctaginaceae): (A) leaf gall, (B) leaf gall, (C) leaf gall, (D) fruit gall, (E) On Fuchsia regia (Vell.) Munz. (Onagraceae), stem gall, (F) On Picramnia glazioviana Engl. (Picramniaceae), bud gall, (G-L) On Piperaceae: (G-I) On Piper anisum (Spreng.) Angely, (G) bud gall, (H) leaf gall, (I) leaf gall, (J) On Piper arboreum Aubl., leaf gall, (K) On Piper cernuum Vell., leaf gall, (L) On Piper pseudopothifolium C. DC., bud gall.
Figure 21
Insect galls of Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos (RJ, Brazil): (A-F) On Piperaceae: (A-E) On Piper rioense Yunck.: (A) bud gall, (B) bud gall, (C) leaf gall, (D) leaf petiole gall, (E) leaf gall, (F) On Piper sprengelianum C. DC., leaf petiole gall, (G) On Niphidium crassifolium (L.) Lellinger (Polypodiaceae), leaf gall, (H) On Cybianthus sp. (Primulaceae), leaf vein gall, (I-L) On Rubiaceae: (I) On Bathysa mendoncaei K. Schum, leaf vein gall, (J) On Emmeorhiza umbellata (Spreng.) K. Schum., bud gall, (K-L) On Faramea cf. truncata (Vell.) Müll. Arg.: (K) leaf vein gall, (L) leaf gall.
Figure 22
Insect galls of Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos (RJ, Brazil): (A-L) On Rubiaceae: (A-D) On Palicourea sessilis (Vell.) C.M. Taylor: (A) leaf gall, (B) leaf gall, (C) stem gall, (D) bud gall, (E) On Psychotria appendiculata Müll. Arg., leaf gall, (F-G) On Psychotria leiocarpa Cham. & Schltdl.: (F) leaf gall, (G) leaf gall, (H) On Psychotria nuda (Cham. & Schltdl.) Waw, leaf gall, (I-J) On Psychotria pallens Gardner: (I) stem gall, (J) leaf petiole gall, (K-M) On Psychotria suterella Müll. Arg.: (K) leaf gall, (L) stem gall, (M) bud gall, (N) On Psychotria sp. 1, leaf gall.
Figure 23
Insect galls of Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos (RJ, Brazil): (A-J) On Rubiaceae: (A) On Psychotria sp. 2, leaf gall, (B) On Randia armata (Sw.) DC., leaf gall, (C-F) On Rudgea jasminoides (Cham) Müll. Arg.: (C) stem gall, (D) stem gall, (E) leaf vein gall, (F) leaf gall, (G-H) On Rudgea sp. 1, (G) leaf gall, (H) leaf gall, (I) On Rudgea sp. 2, leaf gall, (J) On Rudgea sp. 3, leaf gall, (K-L) On Casearia pauciflora Cambess. (Salicaceae): (K) bud gall, (L) leaf petiole gall.
Figure 24
Insect galls of Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos (RJ, Brazil): (A-L) On Sapindaceae: (A-B) On Paullinia carpopoda Cambess.: (A) leaf gall, (B) leaf gall, (C-D) On Paullinia sp.: (C) stem gall, (D) leaf gall, (E-H) On Serjania caracasana (Jacq.) Willd.: (E) leaf vein gall, (F) stem gall, (G) bud gall, (H) stem gall, (I-J) On Serjania corrugata Radlk.: (I) stem gall, (J) leaf gall, (K-L) On Serjania sp.: (K) leaf gall, (L) leaf gall, (M-N) On Chrysophyllum flexuosum Mart. (Sapotaceae): (M) bud gall, (N) leaf gall.
Figure 25
Insect galls of Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos (RJ, Brazil): (A) On Chrysophyllum flexuosum Mart. (Sapotaceae), bud gall, (B-C) On Smilax fluminensis Steud. (Smilacaceae): (B) leaf gall, (C) leaf vein gall, (D-F) On Solanaceae: (D) On Athenaea fasciculata (Vell.) I.M.C., stem gall, (E) On Solanum piluliferum Dunal, bud gall, (F) On Solanum swartizianum Roem. & Schult., leaf gall, (G-H) On Verbenaceae: (G) On Lantana camara L, leaf gall, (H) On Lantana robusta Schauer, stem gall, (I) On Anchietea pyrifolia (Mart.) G. Don. (Violaceae), stem gall, (J) On Clematicissus striata (Ruiz. & Pav.) Lombardi (Vitaceae), bud gall.