A taxonomic study of Cylindrotermes Holmgren (Isoptera, Termitidae, Termitinae) is presented, with a redescription of the genus, a description of three new species C. caata, C. capixaba and C. sapiranga, and a redescription of four out of the five previously known species: C. parvignathus, C. brevipilosus, C. macrognathus and C. flangiatus. The imagos of C. brevipilosus and C. macrognathus are described for the first time. Illustrations of all soldiers and imagos are provided, as well as an identificaton key based on soldiers.
Isoptera; Cylindrotermes; Termite; Termitinae; Termitidae
