Development and Diagnostic Accuracy of the Screening of the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory

Carvalho, Lucas de Francisco; Pianowski, Giselle; Reis, Ana Maria

doi:10.1590/1982-3703003082016

Brasil

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Articles • Psicol. cienc. prof. 37 (04) • Oct-Dec 2017 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-3703003082016 linkcopy

Development and Diagnostic Accuracy of the Screening of the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory

Desenvolvimento e Acurácia Diagnóstica do Inventário Dimensional Clínico da Personalidade – Versão Triagem

Desarrollo y Precisión Diagnóstica del Inventario Dimensional Clínico de la Personalidad – Versión Clasificación

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract:

The assessment of personality disorders assumes unquestioned clinical relevance when considering the prevalence rates in the general population. Tests assessing the typical pathological traits of these disorders has been adapted to and developed in Brazil. However, there is a gap in the country of screening tools for personality disorders. Screening tools are designed to allow a fast and informative application on the likelihood of a positive diagnosis, where the consequence should be conveyed to a diagnostic assessment. Using as a base the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory (IDCP), developed at the national level, the objective of this research was to develop a screening tool for personality disorders, as well as investigate its diagnostic accuracy. The study included 1,196 people, aging between 18 and 73 years (M = 26.32, SD = 8.69), and 64.1% female. The sample was divided into clinical and non-clinical group. We used an empirical approach based on criteria for selection of items similar to those adopted in the development of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory was used (MMPI). The logistic regression analysis and also the calculation of Cohen's d indicated the items that best discriminate against people with personality disorders and those without this diagnosis. We achieved a final set of 15 items with satisfactory sensitivity and specificity for screening test. We discusses the strengths and limitations of screening version of the IDCP and guidelines for further study.

Keywords: Personality Disorder; Triage; Psychopathology Picture; Personality Measures; Diagnosis

Papers	Tests (self-report)	SS (%)	SP (%)	N	PD (%)
Morse & Pilkonis 2007	IPDS (IOWA)	78	44	81	44
Morse & Pilkonis 2007	IPDS (IOWA)	80	55	70	84
Morse & Pilkonis 2007	IIP-PD	67	56	81	44
Walters et al. 2004	SAP-AS	78	50	57	64.9
	SAPAS [SAPAS-SR]	83	80	195	50
Germans et al. (2012)	IPDS (IOWA)	77	85	195	50
	S-SCID-II	78	78	195	50

Dimensions	Items	B	Df	P
MI/GRA	A009	-0.89	1	0.01
MI	A010	1.65	1	0.00
IMP	A015	-1.33	1	0.00
MI	A023	1.82	1	0.00
ECC	A031	-1.67	1	0.00
ECC	A032	0.95	1	0.01
CA	A033	3.53	1	0.00
CA	A035	-0.98	1	0.02
MI	A045	2.03	1	0.00
AGG/ATT	A053	-1.80	1	0.00
GRA	A060	1.78	1	0.00
MI	A064	1.21	1	0.00
IMP	A066	-1.06	1	0.00
ECC	A082	-2.24	1	0.00
ATT	A089	2.30	1	0.00
ATT	A091	-2.14	1	0.00
SS	A092	0.96	1	0.00
AGG	A105	1.85	1	0.00
GRA	B112	-1.00	1	0.03
MI	B118	1.,37	1	0.00
DEP	B119	-1.79	1	0.00
ECC/DIS	B137	1.44	1	0.00
MI	B151	-3.16	1	0.00
DIS	B157	0.75	1	0.03
ATT	B168	-1.61	1	0.00
AGG	B175	1.54	1	0.00
AGG	B176	0.78	1	0.03
ECC	B188	0.92	1	0.01
ATT	B199	-1.29	1	0.00
DIS	B211	0.90	1	0.00
AGG	B212	-1.85	1	0.00
	Constant	-11.91	1	0.00

Dimensions	Items	Forward	Enter	Df
Dimensions	Items	B	B	Df
AGG	A018	0.45^* ***** p ≤ 0.01 DEP = Dependency, AGG = Aggressiveness, MI = Mood Instability, ECC = Eccentricity, AS = Attention Seeking, DIS = Distrust, GRA = Grandiosity, ISO = Isolation, CA = Criticism Avoidance, SS = Self-sacrifice, CON = Conscientiousness and IMP = Impulsiveness.	0.33	1
ECC	A031	--	-0.41	1
AGG	A067	-0.54^ p ≤ 0.05;	-0.45	1
AGG	B176	0.44^ p ≤ 0.05;	0.66^* ***** p ≤ 0.01 DEP = Dependency, AGG = Aggressiveness, MI = Mood Instability, ECC = Eccentricity, AS = Attention Seeking, DIS = Distrust, GRA = Grandiosity, ISO = Isolation, CA = Criticism Avoidance, SS = Self-sacrifice, CON = Conscientiousness and IMP = Impulsiveness.	1
MI	B212	-1.12^* ***** p ≤ 0.01 DEP = Dependency, AGG = Aggressiveness, MI = Mood Instability, ECC = Eccentricity, AS = Attention Seeking, DIS = Distrust, GRA = Grandiosity, ISO = Isolation, CA = Criticism Avoidance, SS = Self-sacrifice, CON = Conscientiousness and IMP = Impulsiveness.	-1.31^* ***** p ≤ 0.01 DEP = Dependency, AGG = Aggressiveness, MI = Mood Instability, ECC = Eccentricity, AS = Attention Seeking, DIS = Distrust, GRA = Grandiosity, ISO = Isolation, CA = Criticism Avoidance, SS = Self-sacrifice, CON = Conscientiousness and IMP = Impulsiveness.	1
MI	A064	0.65^* ***** p ≤ 0.01 DEP = Dependency, AGG = Aggressiveness, MI = Mood Instability, ECC = Eccentricity, AS = Attention Seeking, DIS = Distrust, GRA = Grandiosity, ISO = Isolation, CA = Criticism Avoidance, SS = Self-sacrifice, CON = Conscientiousness and IMP = Impulsiveness.	0.72^* ***** p ≤ 0.01 DEP = Dependency, AGG = Aggressiveness, MI = Mood Instability, ECC = Eccentricity, AS = Attention Seeking, DIS = Distrust, GRA = Grandiosity, ISO = Isolation, CA = Criticism Avoidance, SS = Self-sacrifice, CON = Conscientiousness and IMP = Impulsiveness.	1
ECC	A028	0.45^ p ≤ 0.05;	0.24	1
ECC	A032	0.43^* ***** p ≤ 0.01 DEP = Dependency, AGG = Aggressiveness, MI = Mood Instability, ECC = Eccentricity, AS = Attention Seeking, DIS = Distrust, GRA = Grandiosity, ISO = Isolation, CA = Criticism Avoidance, SS = Self-sacrifice, CON = Conscientiousness and IMP = Impulsiveness.	0.64^* ***** p ≤ 0.01 DEP = Dependency, AGG = Aggressiveness, MI = Mood Instability, ECC = Eccentricity, AS = Attention Seeking, DIS = Distrust, GRA = Grandiosity, ISO = Isolation, CA = Criticism Avoidance, SS = Self-sacrifice, CON = Conscientiousness and IMP = Impulsiveness.	1
ECC	A082	-0.58^ p ≤ 0.05;	-0.88^* ***** p ≤ 0.01 DEP = Dependency, AGG = Aggressiveness, MI = Mood Instability, ECC = Eccentricity, AS = Attention Seeking, DIS = Distrust, GRA = Grandiosity, ISO = Isolation, CA = Criticism Avoidance, SS = Self-sacrifice, CON = Conscientiousness and IMP = Impulsiveness.	1
ECC/DIS	B193	0.41^ p ≤ 0.05;	0.57^ p ≤ 0.05;	1
ECC/ISO	A096	0.43^* ***** p ≤ 0.01 DEP = Dependency, AGG = Aggressiveness, MI = Mood Instability, ECC = Eccentricity, AS = Attention Seeking, DIS = Distrust, GRA = Grandiosity, ISO = Isolation, CA = Criticism Avoidance, SS = Self-sacrifice, CON = Conscientiousness and IMP = Impulsiveness.	0.27	1
GRA	A069	-0.63^* ***** p ≤ 0.01 DEP = Dependency, AGG = Aggressiveness, MI = Mood Instability, ECC = Eccentricity, AS = Attention Seeking, DIS = Distrust, GRA = Grandiosity, ISO = Isolation, CA = Criticism Avoidance, SS = Self-sacrifice, CON = Conscientiousness and IMP = Impulsiveness.	-0.64^ p ≤ 0.05;	1
MI/ISO	A099	--	-0.54^* * Note. p ≤ 0.10;	1
GRA	B115	--	0.72^ p ≤ 0.05;	1
DEP/SS	B125	--	-0.43^* * Note. p ≤ 0.10;	1
ECC/DIS	B137	--	0.48^* * Note. p ≤ 0.10;	1
MI	B173	--	0.59^ p ≤ 0.05;	1
MI/ISO	B204	0.46^ p ≤ 0.05;	0.40^* * Note. p ≤ 0.10;	1
SS	A104	0.29^* * Note. p ≤ 0.10;	0.39^* * Note. p ≤ 0.10;	1
DEP/SS	B131	0.49^* ***** p ≤ 0.01 DEP = Dependency, AGG = Aggressiveness, MI = Mood Instability, ECC = Eccentricity, AS = Attention Seeking, DIS = Distrust, GRA = Grandiosity, ISO = Isolation, CA = Criticism Avoidance, SS = Self-sacrifice, CON = Conscientiousness and IMP = Impulsiveness.	0.34	1
	Constant	-5.55^* ***** p ≤ 0.01 DEP = Dependency, AGG = Aggressiveness, MI = Mood Instability, ECC = Eccentricity, AS = Attention Seeking, DIS = Distrust, GRA = Grandiosity, ISO = Isolation, CA = Criticism Avoidance, SS = Self-sacrifice, CON = Conscientiousness and IMP = Impulsiveness.	-4.89^* ***** p ≤ 0.01 DEP = Dependency, AGG = Aggressiveness, MI = Mood Instability, ECC = Eccentricity, AS = Attention Seeking, DIS = Distrust, GRA = Grandiosity, ISO = Isolation, CA = Criticism Avoidance, SS = Self-sacrifice, CON = Conscientiousness and IMP = Impulsiveness.	1

Items	Forward	Enter	Df
Items	B	B	Df
B170	0.50	0.47^ p ≤ 0.05;	1
A075	0.63	0.70^* ***** p ≤ 0.01.	1
A045	--	0.44^ p ≤ 0.05;	1
B151	-0.38	-0.39^* * Note. p ≤ 0.10;	1
A010	0.30	0.44^* ***** p ≤ 0.01.	1
A023	0.87	0.96^* ***** p ≤ 0.01.	1
A013	-0.42	-0.50^* ***** p ≤ 0.01.	1
A064	0.40	0.44^* ***** p ≤ 0.01.	1
Constant	-6.22	-5.81^* ***** p ≤ 0.01.	1

Dimensions	Items	B	df
MI	A023	0.79^* ***** p ≤ 0.01	1
ECC	A031	-0.36^* * Note. p ≤ 0.10;	1
ECC	A032	0.40^ p ≤ 0.05;	1
MI	A064	0.76^* ***** p ≤ 0.01	1
AGG	A067	-0.57^ p ≤ 0.05;	1
SS	A069	-0.90^* ***** p ≤ 0.01	1
ECC	A082	-0.73^* ***** p ≤ 0.01	1
SS	A092	0.55^ p ≤ 0.05;	1
GRA	A096	0.43^ p ≤ 0.05;	1
MI	B118	0.46^* ***** p ≤ 0.01	1
AGG	B176	0.47^ p ≤ 0.05;	1
ECC	B188	0.47^* ***** p ≤ 0.01	1
ECC/ISSO	B193	0.58^* ***** p ≤ 0.01	1
SS	B204	0.45^ p ≤ 0.05;	1
AGG	B212	-1,37^* ***** p ≤ 0.01	1
	Constant	-5,96^* ***** p ≤ 0.01	1

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[TFN1a] Note. DEP = Dependency, AGG = Aggressiveness, MI = Mood Instability, ECC = Eccentricity, AS = Attention Seeking, DIS = Distrust, GRA = Grandiosity, ISO = Isolation, CA = Criticism Avoidance, SS = Self-sacrifice, CON = Conscientiousness and IMP = Impulsiveness.