Selectivity of Chlorimuron-Ethyl to Castorbean Crops

MACIEL, C.D.G.; LUSTOSA, S.B.C.; HELVIG, E.O.; COSTA, A.G.F.; RIBEIRO, R.B.; MATIAS, J.P.

doi:10.1590/S0100-83582017350100077

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Article • Planta daninha 35 • 2017 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-83582017350100077 copy

Selectivity of Chlorimuron-Ethyl to Castorbean Crops

Seletividade de Chlorimuron-Ethyl para Cultura da Mamoneira

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT:

Castorbean presents high sensitivity to competition; therefore, it is necessary to develop alternatives for the weed management, mainly for the chemical control of eudicotyledons species. The goal of this work was to evaluate the selectivity of chlorimuron-ethyl to castorbean crops in different development stages. Four experiments differentiated by the genetic material were conducted: Lyra, Íris and Savana hybrids and AL Guarany 2002 cultivar. The treatments corresponded to the application conditions of chlorimuron-ethyl [sample control with no application, doses of 15 e 20 g a.i. ha-1 with the formulations Classic™ and Clorimuron Master Nortox™] in two phenological crop stages (4 to 5 and 7 to 8 true leaf stages). The experimental design was in randomized blocks with four replications, in a factorial scheme of 5 x 2 (herbicide and application stage). The intoxication was more severe for the 7 to 8 leaf stage and with the dose of 20 g ha-1 on day 7 days after application (DAA); there were plant recovery and mild symptoms on day 21 DAA, especially for the 4 to 5 leaf stage. The yield was reduced with the 20 g ha-1 dose for Lyra hybrid with both formulations and for Savana castorbean, only with the Classic™ formulation. The chlorimuron-ethyl herbicide, at 15 g ha-1, showed selectivity to castorbean, regardless of the stage application (4 to 5 or 7 to 8 leaves).

Keywords:
intoxication; formulation; dose; Ricinus communis L

Sociedade Brasileira da Ciência das Plantas Daninhas Departamento de Fitotecnia - DFT, Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV, 36570-000 - Viçosa-MG - Brasil, Tel./Fax::(+55 31) 3899-2611 - Viçosa - MG - Brazil
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[1] * Corresponding author: <cmaciel@unicentro.br>

Treatments	Intoxication (%) of Lyra castorbean
	7 DAA		14 DAA		21 DAA
	4-5 leaves	7-8 leaves	4-5 leaves	7-8 leaves	4-5 leaves	7-8 leaves
Control sample	0.0 c A	0.0 c A	0.0 b A	0.0 c A	0.0 b A	0.0 c A
Formulation A (15 g a.i. ha^-1)	47.5 b B	61.3 b A	15.8 a B	29.3 b A	3.5 ab B	7.8 b A
Formulation B (15 g a.i. ha^-1)	47.0 b B	65.0 b A	15.8 a B	32.0 ab A	3.0 ab B	9.3 ab A
Formulation A (20 g a.i. ha^-1)	57.0 ab B	73.8 a A	19.3 a B	35.0 ab A	7.8 a B	13.0 a A
Formulation B (20 g a.i. ha^-1)	53.3 a B	75.3 a A	19.5 a B	37.8 a A	6.3 a B	13.5 a A
F_cal Herbicides (H)	371.31*		70.50*		25.29*
F_cal Stages (S)	124.08*		105.04*		38.50*
F_cal H x E	8.85*		6.93*		2.87^NS
VC (%)	8.34		19.26		36.63
DMS H	8.27		8.13		4.84
DMS E	5.81		5.71		3.40
Intoxication (%) of Iris castorbean
Control sample	0.0 b A	0.0 d A	0.0 c A	0.0 d A	0.0 b A	0.0 d A
Formulation A (15 g a.i. ha^-1)	31.8 a A	38.8 c A	6.5 b B	11.5 c A	3.0 a A	3.0 c A
Formulation B (15 g a.i. ha^-1)	32.5 a B	43.8 bc A	5.5 b B	13.3 bc A	3.0 a B	5.5 b A
Formulation A (20 g a.i. ha^-1)	38.3 a B	51.3 ab A	9.3 a B	15.3 ab A	5.0 a A	6.3 b A
Formulation B (20 g a.i. ha^-1)	37.8 a B	60.0 a A	7.8 ab B	17.0 a A	4.0 a B	9.8 a A
F_cal Herbicides (H)	120.72*		122.75*		48.70*
F_cal Stages (S)	45.78*		188.16*		31.44*
F_cal H x E	5.34*		14.95*		9.94*
VC (%)	14.97		15.01		27.13
DMS H	10.33		2.67		2.21
DMS E	7.26		1.87		1.55

Treatments	Intoxication (%) of Savana castorbean
	7 DAA		14 DAA		21 DAA
	4-5 leaves	7-8 leaves	4-5 leaves	7-8 leaves	4-5 leaves	7-8 leaves
Control sample	0.0 b A	0.0 d A	0.0 b A	0.0 c A	0.0 a A	0.0 b A
Formulation A (15 g a.i. ha^-1)	33.8 a B	55.0 bc A	8.0 a B	25.8 b A	1.5 a B	20.8 a A
Formulation B (15 g a.i. ha^-1)	34.5 a B	50.0 c A	5.5 ab B	25.8 b A	0.8 a B	20.0 a A
Formulation A (20 g a.i. ha^-1)	36.3 a B	68.8 a A	7.5 a B	31.5 ab A	3.0 a B	24.5 a A
Formulation B (20 g a.i. ha^-1)	37.5 a B	61.3 ab A	6.5 ab B	34.3 a A	3.0 a B	23.8 a A
F_cal Herbicides (H)	139.23*		45.64*		51.13*
F_cal Stages (S)	130.75*		265.73*		527.21*
F_cal H x E	11.00*		18.98*		33.33*
VC (%)	13.64		24.06		22.87
DMS H	10.63		7.19		4.59
DMS E	7.46		5.05		3.22
Intoxication (%) of the AL Guarany 2002 castorbean
Control sample	0.0 b A	0.0 b A	0.0 b A	0.0 c A	0.0 a A	0.0 c A
Formulation A (15 g a.i. ha^-1)	18.8 a B	36.3 a A	2.3 a B	13.5 b A	0.0 a B	2.8 b A
Formulation B (15 g a.i. ha^-1)	19.5 aB	40.0 a A	3.5 a B	13.8 b A	0.0 a B	3.0 b A
Formulation A (20 g a.i. ha^-1)	24.8 a B	41.3 a A	2.3 a B	15.0 ab A	0.0 a B	5.5 a A
Formulation B (20 g a.i. ha^-1)	25.3 a B	46.3 a A	4.0 a B	16.3 a A	0.0 a B	5.5 a A
F_cal Herbicides (H)	59.04*		113.24*		46.56*
F_cal Stages (S)	80.78*		755.74*		498.78*
F_cal H x E	5.31*		48.85*		46.56*
VC (%)	21.08		15.17		28.32
DMS H	10.98		2.21		0.98
DMS E	7.71		1.55		0.69

Treatments	Chlorophyll content (SPAD index)
	Lyra		Iris		Savana		AL Guarany 2002
	4-5 leaves	7-8 leaves	4-5 leaves	7-8 leaves	4-5 leaves	7-8 leaves	4-5 leaves	7-8 leaves
Control sample	66.4 a A	51.0 a B	66.4 a A	51.6 a B	67.2 a	51.6 a	65.6 a A	60.6 a B
Formulation A (15 g a.i. ha^-1)	27.4 b B	34.9 b A	29.0 bc B	33.9 b A	31.3 b	33.4 b	37.6 bc B	55.6 a A
Formulation B (15 g a.i. ha^-1)	24.0 b B	38.2 b A	33.0 b A	33.3 b A	30.8 b	33.4 b	42.0 b B	55.6 a A
Formulation A (20 g a.i. ha^-1)	24.1b B	38.1 b A	24.6 c B	34.9 b A	26.8 b	34.1 b	32.4 cd B	55.2 a A
Formulation B (20 g a.i. ha^-1)	24.6 b B	37.8 b A	25.6 c B	34.4 b A	25.4 b	34.5 b	28.0 d B	54.6 a A
F_cal Herbicides	170.9*		145.09*		136.09*		57.77*
F_cal Stages	62.9*		4.32*		1.41^ns		231.5*
F_cal H x E	45.09*		23.74*		20.39*		30.19*
VC (%)	7.27		8.02		8.31		6.51
DMS H	5.51		6.08		6.33		6.55
DMS E	3.87		4.27		4.45		4.60

Treatments	Height (cm)
	Lyra		Iris		Savana		AL Guarany 2002
	4-5 leaves	7-8 leaves	4-5 leaves	7-8 leaves	4-5 leaves	7-8 leaves	4-5 leaves	7-8 leaves
Control sample	99.3 a A	105.7 a A	108.8 a A	105.8 a A	103.6 a A	88.3 a B	84.2 B	102.8 A
Formulation A (15 g a.i. ha^-1)	108.4 a A	95.3 ab A	111.3 a A	109.3 a A	82.1 b A	94.5 a A	87.3 A	94.1 A
Formulation B (15 g a.i. ha^-1)	105.1 a A	94.3 ab A	114.9 a A	106.9 a A	90.3 ab A	99.3 a A	84.3 A	101.0 A
Formulation A (20 g a.i. ha^-1)	96.9 a A	85.4 b A	111.8 a A	96.9 ab B	70.2 b A	81.5 a A	79.3 B	98.0 A
Formulation B (20 g a.i. ha^-1)	90.9 a A	85.3b A	110.5 a A	88.9 b B	72.8 b A	87.5 a A	78.4 B	96.3 A
F_cal Herbicides	4.16*		3.45*		5.95*		0.38^ns
F_cal Stages	5.74*		20.05*		3.90*		17.34*
F_cal H x E	1.51^NS		2.79^ns		2.87^ns		0.36^ns
VC (%)	9.44		6.58		11.82		13.21
DMS H	18.8		14.47		21.23		24.71
DMS E	13.2		10.16		14.92		17.36
	Stem diameter (cm)
Control sample	2.4 A	2.0 B	2.3	1.9	2.9 a A	2.3 a B	3.0	3.2
Formulation A (15 g a.i. ha^-1)	2.4 A	2.2 B	2.4	2.1	2.5 ab A	2.6 a A	3.1	2.8
Formulation B (15 g a.i. ha^-1)	2.5 A	2.0 B	2.4	2.1	2.6 ab A	2.6 a A	3.0	3.3
Formulation A (20 g a.i. ha^-1)	2.5 A	2.1 B	2.4	2.1	2.5 ab A	2.2 a A	2.9	2.8
Formulation B (20 g a.i. ha^-1)	2.3 A	1.9 B	2.2	1.8	2.3 b A	2.2 a A	2.9	2.8
F_cal Herbicides	1.56^ns		0.09^ns		3.9*		1.39^ns
F_cal Stages	42.01*		1.09^ns		7.2*		0.002^ns
F_cal H x E	0.32^ns		0.002^ns		2.3^ns		1.28^ns
VC (%)	8.21		8.13		9.05		11.86
DMS H	0.38		0.36		0.46		0.73
DMS E	0.27		0.25		0.33		0.51

Treatments	Productivity (kg ha^-1)
	Lyra		Iris		Savana		AL Guarany 2002
	4-5 leaves	7-8 leaves	4-5 leaves	7-8 leaves	4-5 leaves	7-8 leaves	4-5 leaves	7-8 leaves
Control sample	2224 ab	2569 a	2313 A	2065 A	1783 a	1358 a	1355 b A	1438 ab A
Formulation A (15 g a.i. ha^-1)	2602 a	2212 ab	2302 A	1948 A	1191 ab	1223 a	1688 ab A	1347 ab A
Formulation B (15 g a.i. ha^-1)	2104 ab	2051 abc	2311 A	2448 A	1559 a	1537 a	1970 a A	1948 a A
Formulation A (20 g a.i. ha^-1)	1775 b	1422 c	2207 A	1958 A	735 b	950 a	1692 ab A	1203 b B
Formulation B (20 g a.i. ha^-1)	1856 b	1545 bc	2108 A	1778 B	1295 ab	1085 a	1958 a A	1634 ab A
F_cal Herbicides	10.6*		2.37^ns		8.18*		5.56*
F_cal Stages	2.14^ns		5.07*		0.77^ns		5.64*
F_cal H x E	1.75^ns		0.92^ns		1.36^ns		1.35^ns
VC (%)	16.16		13.67		23.33		17.94
DMS H	679.85		605.45		612.95		601.78
DMS E	477.46		425.21		430.48		422.64