Resposta de Plantas de Trigo a Associação de Herbicidas com Inseticidas e Fungicidas

VIECELLI, M.; PAGNONCELLI JR., F.B.; TREZZI, M.M.; CAVALHEIRO, B.M.; GOBETTI, R.C.R.

RESUMO:

A associação entre herbicidas e demais pesticidas pode causar reflexos tanto no manejo de plantas daninhas quanto de cultivadas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a resposta da associação de diferentes herbicidas com inseticidas ou fungicidas pertencentes a diferentes grupos químicos sobre o desenvolvimento e rendimento de grãos de trigo, cultivar ORS Vintecinco. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso com três repetições. O experimento foi constituído por 33 tratamentos: testemunha sem aplicação, aplicação dos herbicidas 2,4-D (1.005 g e.a. ha-1), bentazon (756 g i.a. ha-1), metsulfuron-methyl (3 g i.a. ha-1) e pyroxsulam (16 g i.a. ha-1), de forma isolada ou associados com os inseticidas chlorfluazuron (15 g i.a. ha-1), chlorpyrifos (720 g i.a. ha-1), deltamethrin (5 g i.a. ha-1) e methomyl (5 g i.a. ha-1), ou com os fungicidas azoxystrobin (100 g i.a. ha-1), carbendazim (250 g i.a. ha-1) e propiconazole (190 g i.a. ha-1). Avaliou-se a tolerância relativa (TR), a massa da parte aérea seca (MPAS) das plantas e os componentes de rendimento e rendimento de grãos. De modo geral, pyroxsulam apresentou maior número de interações sinérgicas com os inseticidas e fungicidas utilizados, reduzindo dessa forma a TR e MPAS das plantas, destacando-se a associação pyroxsulam + chlorpyrifos pelo menor nível de TR (45%) e maior redução de MPAS (52%). Todas as associações de herbicidas com o inseticida chlorpyrifos e a maioria das associações com o fungicida propiconazole resultaram em redução do rendimento de grãos em relação à aplicação isolada dos mesmos herbicidas ou à testemunha sem aplicação.

Palavras-chave:
Triticum aestivum; sinergismo; antagonismo; tolerância; rendimento de grãos

[1] * Corresponding author: <mviecelli@gmail.com>

Textural composition		Chemical characteristics
Fraction	%	Properties	Values
Clay	55.7	OM ⁽¹⁾	49.50
Sand	3.0	P₂O₅ ⁽²⁾	14.32
Silt	41.3	K₂O ⁽³⁾	0.70
		CEC ⁽⁴⁾	17.63
		pH⁽⁵⁾	5.6
		H+Al ⁽⁶⁾	5.35

Treatment			Relative tolerance (%)
	Herbicide	Insecticide	5 DAA		10 DAA		20 DAA		40 DAA
	Herbicide	Fungicide*	5 DAA		10 DAA		20 DAA		40 DAA
1	Control treatment		100.00	a	100.00	a	100.00	a	100.00	a
2	2,4-D	-	95.17	a	93.21	a	86.86	a	97.76	a
3	Bentazon	-	95.67	a	97.00	a	100.00	a	98.33	a
4	Metsulfuron	-	86.67	b	96.33	a	96.67	a	98.33	a
5	Pyroxsulam	-	89.00	b	85.67	b	91.67	a	95.00	a
6	2,4-D	Chlorfluazuron	93.33	a	97.33	a	91.67	a	100.00	a
7	Bentazon	Chlorfluazuron	91.64	a	95.74	a	94.44	a	97.76	a
8	Metsulfuron	Chlorfluazuron	83.33	b	95.00	a	95.00	a	96.67	a
9	Pyroxsulam	Chlorfluazuron	75.00	c	65.00	c	85.00	b	95.00	a
10	2,4-D	Chlorpyrifos	85.00	b	90.67	a	93.33	a	95.00	a
11	Bentazon	Chlorpyrifos	75.47	c	82.1	b	96.96	a	95.23	a
12	Metsulfuron	Chlorpyrifos	66.67	d	60.00	c	68.33	c	85.00	a
13	Pyroxsulam	Chlorpyrifos	60.00	d	48.33	d	45.00	d	50.00	b
14	2,4-D	Deltamethrin	93.33	a	98.33	a	93.33	a	100.00	a
15	Bentazon	Deltamethrin	95.00	a	94.67	a	100.00	a	100.00	a
16	Metsulfuron	Deltamethrin	83.33	b	94.00	a	100.00	a	100.00	a
17	Pyroxsulam	Deltamethrin	73.33	c	63.33	c	81.67	b	93.33	a
18	2,4-D	Methomyl	97.33	a	99.00	a	98.33	a	97.33	a
19	Bentazon	Methomyl	95.67	a	95.67	a	100.00	a	98.33	a
20	Metsulfuron	Methomyl	82.33	b	95.00	a	96.67	a	100.00	a
21	Pyroxsulam	Methomyl	68.33	d	73.33	c	83.33	b	95.00	a
22	2,4-D	Azoxystrobin	71.67	c	80.00	b	81.67	b	95.00	a
23	Bentazon	Azoxystrobin	78.33	c	80.00	b	93.33	a	98.33	a
24	Metsulfuron	Azoxystrobin	84.33	b	86.67	b	98.33	a	100.00	a
25	Pyroxsulam	Azoxystrobin	70.00	d	61.67	c	76.67	b	88.33	a
26	2,4-D	Carbendazim	85.67	b	98.00	a	95.67	a	95.67	a
27	Bentazon	Carbendazim	96.67	a	97.00	a	99.00	a	100.00	a
28	Metsulfuron	Carbendazim	86.67	b	95.67	a	96.67	a	100.00	a
29	Pyroxsulam	Carbendazim	73.33	c	61.67	c	80.00	b	90.00	a
30	2,4-D	Propiconazole	80.00	c	88.33	b	95.00	a	95.67	a
31	Bentazon	Propiconazole	92.33	a	95.67	a	100	a	100.00	a
32	Metsulfuron	Propiconazole	80.67	c	93.33	a	100	a	100.00	a
33	Pyroxsulam	Propiconazole	74.00	c	68.33	c	80.00	b	96.67	a
CV(%)**			7.83		7.84		6.04		5.28

Treatment			SDM (%)
Herbicide		Insecticide or Fungicide*	20 DAA		40 DAA
1	Control treatment		100.00	a	100.00	b
2	2,4-D	-	109.79	a	95.59	b
3	Bentazon	-	86.94	a	87.79	b
4	Metsulfuron	-	97.17	a	75.41	c
5	Pyroxsulam	-	132.33	a	74.87	c
6	2,4-D	Chlorfluazuron	94.98	a	90.34	b
7	Bentazon	Chlorfluazuron	103.90	a	79.22	c
8	Metsulfuron	Chlorfluazuron	96.44	a	80.68	d
9	Pyroxsulam	Chlorfluazuron	83.12	b	94.32	b
10	2,4-D	Chlorpyrifos	90.30	a	81.54	c
11	Bentazon	Chlorpyrifos	106.03	a	80.08	c
12	Metsulfuron	Chlorpyrifos	70.22	b	70.74	d
13	Pyroxsulam	Chlorpyrifos	51.43	b	47.73	d
14	2,4-D	Deltamethrin	90.58	a	83.53	c
15	Bentazon	Deltamethrin	94.28	a	80.40	c
16	Metsulfuron	Deltamethrin	90.84	a	93.18	b
17	Pyroxsulam	Deltamethrin	104.9	a	85.80	c
18	2,4-D	Methomyl	90.66	a	108.13	a
19	Bentazon	Methomyl	108.99	a	127.45	a
20	Metsulfuron	Methomyl	95.97	a	73.30	c
21	Pyroxsulam	Methomyl	80.86	b	68.18	d
22	2,4-D	Azoxystrobin	80.31	b	83.24	c
23	Bentazon	Azoxystrobin	64.39	b	82.96	c
24	Metsulfuron	Azoxystrobin	98.30	a	84.66	c
25	Pyroxsulam	Azoxystrobin	73.09	b	68.47	d
26	2,4-D	Carbendazim	97.44	a	78.98	c
27	Bentazon	Carbendazim	93.09	a	94.04	b
28	Metsulfuron	Carbendazim	108.28	a	93.47	b
29	Pyroxsulam	Carbendazim	70.99	b	60.51	d
30	2,4-D	Propiconazole	87.77	a	90.91	b
31	Bentazon	Propiconazole	98.86	a	99.90	b
32	Metsulfuron	Propiconazole	85.68	a	87.50	b
33	Pyroxsulam	Propiconazole	96.97	a	94.89	b
CV(%)**			14.75		13.81

Treatment			Yield components
Herbicide		Insecticide or Fungicide*	NFT (no. m^-2)		NGS (no. m^-2)		TGW (g)		GY (kg ha^-1)
1	Control treatment		479.87	a	19.16	c	31.88	a	2976.92	a
2	2,4-D	-	335.75	b	44.68	a	33.36	a	4372.80	a
3	Bentazon	-	424.80	b	32.61	b	29.77	b	3527.84	a
4	Metsulfuron	-	216.33	b	32.35	b	30.66	a	2136.03	b
5	Pyroxsulam	-	503.47	a	21.61	c	33.46	a	3557.32	a
6	2,4-D	Chlorfluazuron	481.83	a	22.33	c	28.39	b	2956.72	a
7	Bentazon	Chlorfluazuron	580.17	a	17.40	c	31.02	a	3083.69	a
8	Metsulfuron	Chlorfluazuron	470.03	a	20.96	c	28.33	b	2795.58	b
9	Pyroxsulam	Chlorfluazuron	499.53	a	16.13	c	26.07	b	2126.37	b
10	2,4-D	Chlorpyrifos	623.43	a	15.65	c	28.46	b	2793.28	b
11	Bentazon	Chlorpyrifos	311.90	b	27.75	b	33.11	a	2585.62	b
12	Metsulfuron	Chlorpyrifos	491.67	a	17.28	c	32.86	a	2802.94	b
13	Pyroxsulam	Chlorpyrifos	597.87	a	16.15	c	27.28	b	2555.08	b
14	2,4-D	Deltamethrin	456.27	a	20.32	c	33.22	a	2947.92	a
15	Bentazon	Deltamethrin	475.93	a	17.83	c	29.02	b	2444.07	b
16	Metsulfuron	Deltamethrin	391.37	b	31.52	b	25.94	b	2928.59	a
17	Pyroxsulam	Deltamethrin	536.90	a	14.66	c	28.49	b	2271.35	b
18	2,4-D	Methomyl	475.93	a	22.71	c	28.75	b	3237.88	a
19	Bentazon	Methomyl	298.93	b	18.87	c	26.91	b	1536.78	b
20	Metsulfuron	Methomyl	521.17	a	20.89	c	31.48	a	3469.85	a
21	Pyroxsulam	Methomyl	501.50	a	17.36	c	28.52	b	2425.99	b
22	2,4-D	Azoxystrobin	544.77	a	21.69	c	32.11	a	3788.80	a
23	Bentazon	Azoxystrobin	493.63	a	20.80	c	31.97	a	3208.88	a
24	Metsulfuron	Azoxystrobin	548.70	a	15.10	c	27.60	b	2087.71	b
25	Pyroxsulam	Azoxystrobin	548.70	a	13.84	c	31.65	a	2377.67	b
26	2,4-D	Carbendazim	483.80	a	23.62	c	29.38	b	3358.70	a
27	Bentazon	Carbendazim	393.33	b	25.19	c	30.49	a	2960.30	a
28	Metsulfuron	Carbendazim	489.70	a	19.01	c	30.04	b	2677.29	b
29	Pyroxsulam	Carbendazim	570.33	a	18.71	c	30.97	a	3291.68	a
30	2,4-D	Propiconazole	472.00	a	25.48	c	33.55	a	3730.81	a
31	Bentazon	Propiconazole	418.90	b	16.85	c	27.77	b	2019.61	b
32	Metsulfuron	Propiconazole	633.27	a	10.91	c	28.69	b	1981.39	b
33	Pyroxsulam	Propiconazole	424.80	b	21.52	c	29.61	b	2677.29	b
CV(%)**			20.48		33.83		8.23		21.6

Insecticide/fungicide	Pyroxsulam		Metsulfuron		Bentazon		2,4-D
Insecticide/fungicide	S-K⁽¹⁾	GGE⁽²⁾	S-K	GGE	S-K	GGE	S-K	GGE
Without association	+⁽³⁾	+⁽⁴⁾	-	-	+	+	+	+
Chlorfluazuron	-	-	-	+	+	-	+	+
Chlorpyrifos	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	+
Deltamethrin	-	-	+	+	-	-	+	+
Methomyl	-	-	+	+	-	-	+	+
Azoxystrobin	-	-	-	-	+	-	+	+
Carbendazim	+	+	-	-	+	+	+	+
Propiconazole	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	+

Brasil

Brasil

Resposta de Plantas de Trigo a Associação de Herbicidas com Inseticidas e Fungicidas

RESUMO: