Weed control and selectivity herbicides pre emerging in garlic cultivars

Guerra, Naiara; Haramoto, Renan; Schmitt, Jaqueline; D. Costa, Gabriel; Schiessel, Juliano J.; M. Oliveira Neto, Antonio

doi:10.1590/S0100-83582020380100074

Brasil

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Research Article • Planta daninha 38 • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-83582020380100074 linkcopy

Weed control and selectivity herbicides pre emerging in garlic cultivars

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Background: Garlic cultivation is characterized by low capacity of competition with weed, mainly due to the characteristics of the canopy and it´s slow initial growth that make it difficult to cover the soil.

Objective: This work aimed to evaluate the efficiency and selectivity of herbicides applied in the pre-emergence of two garlic cultivars in the edaphoclimatic condition of Santa Catarina State.

Methods: Two experiments were carried out in the commercial garlic area with Ito and Chonan cultivars. Both experiments were conducted in randomized block design. The traits for Ito cultivar were without weed control, with weed control, with linuron (810 g ha^-1), diuron (1,000 g ha^-1), pendimethalin (1600 g ha^-1), S-metolachlor (1200 g ha^-1), oxyfluorfen (720 g ha^-1) or flumioxazin (40 g ha^-1). For the experiment with Chonan cultivar the treatment composed by oxadiazon (1000 g ha^-1) was included. The analyzed variables were based on weed community control and phytotoxicity, stand, diameter of bulbs and productivity of garlic.

Results: The infesting species of the experiment with the cultivar Ito were Stellaria media and Stachys arvensis, whereas for Chonan, only the first was found. The herbicides applied in pre-emergence were efficient in controlling these species until 45 days after application - DAA. The highest injuries at 45 DAA were caused by S-metolachlor, with 33% for Ito cultivar and 10% for Chonan. The best herbicides, taking into account weed control and productivity, were pendimethalin and S-metolachlor, for the Ito cultivar, and pendimethalin, oxyfluorfen, and flumioxazin for the Chonan cultivar.

Conclusions: The pendimethalin stood out for presenting excellent weed control and being selective for both garlic cultivars.

Keywords: Allium sativum ; residual activity; pendimethalin

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Sociedade Brasileira da Ciência das Plantas Daninhas Departamento de Fitotecnia - DFT, Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV, 36570-000 - Viçosa-MG - Brasil, Tel./Fax::(+55 31) 3899-2611 - Viçosa - MG - Brazil
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[TFN1] * Averages followed by the same letter in the column do not differ according to Scott Knott's test at 5% probability (p<0.05). * Days after application; PREC: early harvesting to thin crop.

Treatment	Control
Treatment	17 DAA*	30 DAA	45 DAA	PREC
Witness with weeding	100.00 a	100.00 a	100.00 a	100.00 a
Witness without weeding	0.00 b	0.00 b	0.00 c	0.00 c
Linuron	89.00 a	93.33 a	83.00 b	22.67 c
Diuron	81.00 a	87.33 a	84.33 b	55.00 b
Pendimethalin	81.67 a	94.33 a	98.00 a	94.33 a
S-metolachlor	91.00 a	98.33 a	93.33 a	33.33 c
Oxyfluorfen	85.00 a	80.00 a	96.33 a	68.00 b
Flumioxazin	82.33 a	93.33 a	79.33 b	15.00 c
CV (%)	12.90	8.38	4.13	4014
F_calculated	30.66	72.35	303.04	10.78

Treatment	Phytotoxicity (%)
Treatment	17 DAA*	30 DAA	45 DAA
Witness with weeding	0.00 d	0.00 c	0.00 c
Witness without weeding	0.00 d	0.00 c	0.00 c
Linuron	16.00 b	7.66 b	5.00 b
Diuron	6.66 c	5.66 b	12.66 b
Pendimethalin	12.33 b	6.66 b	3.66 b
S-metolachlor	38.33 a	36.66 a	33.33 a
Oxyfluorfen	8.33 c	8.00 b	4.33 b
Flumioxazin	11.66 b	10.00 b	9.00 b
CV (%)	26.44	34.19	37.65
F_calculated	46.77	39.85	34.80

Treatment	Stand (plants m^-1)	Diameter (mm)	Productivity (kg ha^-1)
Witness with weeding	8.16^ns	44.25^ns	12,966.69 a
Witness without weeding	8.50	43.96	10,616.59 c
Linuron	8.33	47.76	10,611.67 c
Diuron	8.83	46.34	11,719.70 b
Pendimethalin	8.83	46.00	12,539.97 a
S-metolachlor	8.66	43.23	12,802.60 a
Oxyfluorfen	7.66	46.27	11,021.53 c
Flumioxazin	7.00	43.15	10,075.14 c
Average	8.24	45.12	-
CV (%)	10.21	5.44	4.61
F_calculated	1.71	1.44	13.03

Treatment	Control
Treatment	17 DAA*	30 DAA	45 DAA	PREC
Witness with weeding	100.00 a	100.00 a	100.00 a	100.00 a
Witness without weeding	0.00 c	0.00 c	0.00 c	0.00 c
Linuron	92.50 a	86.50 a	89.75 a	66.25 a
Diuron	91.25 a	79.50 a	82.00 b	82.50 a
Pendimethalin	88.75 b	97.75 a	93.50 a	90.25 a
S-metolachlor	83.75 b	62.50 b	81.50 b	46.25 b
Oxyfluorfen	93.00 a	95.00 a	86.50 a	47.50 b
Flumioxazin	94.25 a	98.50 a	87.00 a	77.50 a
Oxadiazon	85.00 b	60.00 b	72.50 b	53.00 b
CV (%)	5.56	16.52	10.49	26.57
F_calculated	186.77	26.49	54.83	13.21

Treatment	Phytotoxicity (%)
Treatment	17 DAA*	30 DAA	45 DAA
Witness with weeding	0.00 c	0.00 d	0.00 c
Witness without weeding	0.00 c	0.00 d	0.00 c
Linuron	7.75 b	5.00 b	3.50 b
Diuron	5.50 b	7.25 a	6.00 b
Pendimethalin	9.75 b	2.25 c	5.00 b
S-metolachlor	13.75 a	8.50 a	10.00 a
Oxyfluorfen	6.75 b	4.75 b	4.00 b
Flumioxazin	8.75 b	7.75 a	4.50 b
Oxadiazon	7.50 b	3.50 c	4.50 b
CV (%)	37.73	38.30	34.64
F_calculated	12.45	14.66	17.64

Treatment	Stand (plants m^-1)	Diameter (mm)	Productivity (kg ha^-1)
Witness with weeding	9.75^ns	44.20^ns	12,527.46 a
Witness without weeding	9.50	42.52	10,251.13 b
Linuron	9.00	42.87	11,042.18 b
Diuron	9.25	44.87	10,504.93 b
Pendimethalin	9.37	45.70	12,350.44 a
S-metolachlor	8.87	45.60	11,699.90 b
Oxyfluorfen	9.62	44.60	12,548.48 a
Flumioxazin	9.12	45.27	11,956.84 a
Average	9.25	46.13	12,722.71 a
CV (%)	9.30	43.61	-
F_calculated	6.53	5.86	8.70