Type of pesticide |
Pesticide name |
Plant name |
Mode of application |
Concentration of pesticide |
Time after treatment |
Plant part analyzed |
Effect of pesticide on enzymatic antioxidants |
Reference |
Parameter |
Effect |
|
Amide |
Acetochlor |
Vitis vinifera L. × Vitis labrusca L. |
Soil |
22460 g a.i.ha-1
|
30 d |
Leaves (upper node) |
APOX CAT POD SOD |
Decrease Decrease Decrease Decrease |
Tan et al. (2012Tan W, Li Q, Zhai H. Photosynthesis and growth responses of grapevine to acetochlor and fluoroglycofen. Pestic Biochem Physiol. 2012;103:210-8.) |
Alachlor |
Lactuca sativa L. |
Hoagland medium |
2 µM |
24 d |
Leaves |
CAT POD SOD |
Increase Increase Increase |
Stajner et al. (2003Štajner D, Popoviæ M, Štajner M. Herbicide induced oxidative stress in lettuce, beans, pea seeds and leaves. Biol Plant. 2003;47(4):575-9.) |
Phaseolus vulgaris L. |
Hoagland medium |
2 µM |
24 d |
Leaves |
CAT POD SOD |
Increase Increase Increase |
Pisum sativum L. |
Hoagland medium |
2 µM |
24 d |
Leaves |
CAT POD SOD |
Increase Increase Increase |
Fomesafen |
Glycine max L. Merr. |
Spray |
1000 g ha-1
|
2 d |
Leaves |
GST |
Increase |
Andrews et al. (2005Andrews CJ, Cummins I, Skipsey M, Grundy NM, Jepson I, Townson Jane et al. Purification and characterisation of a family of glutathione transferases with roles in herbicide detoxification in soybean (Glycine max L.); selective enhancement by herbicides and herbicide safeners. Pest Biochem Physiol. 2005;82:205-19.) |
Metolachlor |
L. sativa L. |
Hoagland medium |
2 µM |
24 d |
Leaves |
CAT POD SOD |
No change Decrease Increase |
Stajner et al. (2003Štajner D, Popoviæ M, Štajner M. Herbicide induced oxidative stress in lettuce, beans, pea seeds and leaves. Biol Plant. 2003;47(4):575-9.) |
P. vulgaris L. |
Hoagland medium |
2 µM |
24 d |
Leaves |
CAT POD SOD |
Increase Increase Increase |
P. sativum L. |
Hoagland medium |
2 µM |
24 d |
Leaves |
CAT POD SOD |
Decrease Increase Increase |
Metosulam |
Vicia faba L. |
Seedling’s root immersing |
10-4 % |
24 h |
Leaves |
APOX CAT POD |
Increase Increase Decrease |
Badr et al. (2013Badr A, Zaki H, Germoush MO, Tawfeek AQ, El-Tayeb MA. Cytophysiological impacts of metosulam herbicide on Vicia faba plants. Acta Physiol Plant. 2013;35(6):1933-41.) |
Napropamide |
Brassica napus L. |
Seedling |
8 mg L-1
|
5 d |
Leaves |
APOX CAT GST POD SOD |
Increase Increase Increase Increase Increase |
Cui et al. (2010Cui J, Zhang R, Wu GL, Zhu HM, Yang H. Salicylic acid reduces napropamide toxicity by preventing its accumulationin rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2010;59(1):100-8.) |
Rac-metolachlor |
Oryza. sativa L. |
Culture solution |
6.2 µM L-1
|
5 d |
Root |
CAT POD |
Decrease Decrease |
Liu et al. (2012Liu H, Huang R, Xie F, Zhang S, Shi J. Enantioselective phytotoxicity of metolachlor against maize and rice roots. J Hazard Mater. 2012;217:330-7.) |
Zea mays L. |
Culture solution |
74.4 µM L-1
|
5 d |
Root |
CAT POD SOD |
Decrease Decrease Decrease |
S-metolachlor
|
O. sativa L. |
Culture solution |
6.2 µM L-1
|
5 d |
Root |
CAT POD |
Decrease Decrease |
Z. mays L. |
Culture solution |
74.4 µM L-1
|
5 d |
Root |
CAT POD SOD |
Decrease Decrease Decrease |
Cyclohexene oxime |
Clethodim |
Z. mays L. |
Soil |
200 ppm |
21 d |
Leaves |
APOX CAT POD SOD |
Increase Decrease Increase Decrease |
Radwan (2012Radwan DEM. Salicylic acid induced alleviation of oxidative stress caused by clethodim in maize (Zea mays L.) leaves. Pest Biochem Physiol. 2012;102:182-8.) |
Diphenyl ether |
Fluoroglycofen |
V. vinifera L. × V. labrusca L. |
Soil |
375 g ai ha-1
|
30 d |
Leaves (upper node) |
APOX CAT POD SOD |
Decrease Decrease Decrease Decrease |
Tan et al. (2012Tan W, Li Q, Zhai H. Photosynthesis and growth responses of grapevine to acetochlor and fluoroglycofen. Pestic Biochem Physiol. 2012;103:210-8.) |
Oxyfluorfen |
G. max L. Merr. |
Spray |
2500 g ha-1
|
2 d |
Leaves |
GST |
Increase |
Andrews et al. (2005Andrews CJ, Cummins I, Skipsey M, Grundy NM, Jepson I, Townson Jane et al. Purification and characterisation of a family of glutathione transferases with roles in herbicide detoxification in soybean (Glycine max L.); selective enhancement by herbicides and herbicide safeners. Pest Biochem Physiol. 2005;82:205-19.) |
Imidazolinone |
Imazapic |
Nicotiana tabacum L. |
Spray |
0.12 mM |
9 d |
Leaves |
APOX CAT GR GST |
Increase Increase Increase Increase |
Kaya and Doganlar (2016Kaya A, Doganlar ZB. Exogenous jasmonic acid induces stress tolerance in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) exposed to imazapic. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2016;124:470-9.) |
R (-)-imazethapyr |
Arabidopsis thaliana L. |
Culture solution |
2.5 µg L-1
|
28 d |
Plantlets |
APOX CAT GPOX SOD |
Decrease Decrease Increase Decrease |
Qian et al. (2011Qian HF, Lu T, Peng XF, Han X, Fu ZW, Liu WP. Enantioselective phytotoxicity of the herbicide imazethapyr on the response of the antioxidant system and starch metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLoSOne. 2011;6(5):e19451. ) |
S (+)-imazethapyr |
A. thaliana L. |
Culture solution |
2.5 µg L-1
|
28 d |
Plantlets |
APOX CAT GPOX SOD |
Increase Decrease Increase Decrease |
Neonicotinoid |
Imidacloprid |
Brassica juncea L. |
Soil |
300 mg kg-1
|
65 d |
Leaves |
GR GST POD |
Increase Increase Increase |
Sharma et al. (2016bSharma A, Bhardwaj R, Kumar V, Thukral AK. GC-MS studies reveal stimulated pesticide detoxification by brassinolide application in Brassica juncea L. plants. Environ Sci Pollut Res. 2016b;23(14):14518-25.) |
80 d |
Green pods |
APOX GPOX GR GST POD |
Increase Increase Increase Increase Increase |
Sharma et al. (2017cSharma A, Kumar V, Bhardwaj R, Thukral AK. Seed pre-soaking with 24-epibrassinolide reduces the imidacloprid pesticide residues in green pods of Brassica juncea L. Toxicol Environ Chem. 2017c;99:95-103.) |
O. sativa L. |
Sand |
0.01% |
12 d |
Seedlings |
APOX CAT DHAR GR MDHAR POD SOD |
Increase Decrease Increase Increase Increase Decrease Increase |
Sharma et al. (2013Sharma I, Bhardwaj R, Pati PK. Stress modulation response of 24-epibrassinolide against imidacloprid in an elite indica rice variety Pusa Basmati-1. Pestic Biochem Physiol. 2013;105:144-53.) |
0.015% |
12 d |
Seedlings |
APOX CAT DHAR GR MDHAR POD SOD |
Increase Increase Decrease Increase Increase Decrease Increase |
Sharma et al. (2015Sharma I, Bhardwaj R, Pati PK. Exogenous application of 28-homobrassinolide modulates the dynamics of salt and pesticides induced stress responses in an elite rice variety Pusa Basmati-1. J Plant Growth Regul. 2015;34:509-18.) |
Organochlorine |
DDT |
G. max L. |
Soil |
63.5 ng g-1
|
60 d |
Leaves Root |
GST GST |
Decrease Increase |
Mitton et al. (2016Mitton FM, Ferreira JLR, Gonzalez M, Miglioranza KSB, Monserrat JM. Antioxidant responses in soybean and alfalfa plants grown in DDTs contaminated soils: Useful variables for selecting plants for soil phytoremediation? Pestic Biochem Physiol. 2016;130:17-21.) |
Medicago sativa L. |
Soil |
63.5 ng g-1
|
60 d |
Leaves Root |
GST GST |
Increase Increase |
Organophosphorus |
Chlorpyrifos |
Vigna radiata L. |
Spray |
15 mM |
10 d |
Leaves |
APOX CAT GR SOD |
Increase Decrease Increase Increase |
Parween et al. (2012Parween T, Jan S, Fatma MT. Evaluation of oxidative stress in Vigna radiata L. in response to chlorpyrifos. Int J Environ Sci Technol. 2012;9(4):605-12.) |
Dimethoate |
V. radiata L. |
Culture soln. |
30 ppm |
4 d |
Leaves |
CAT DHAR GR SOD |
Increase Increase Increase Increase |
Singh et al. (2014Singh VP, Kumar J, Singh S, Prasad SM. Dimethoate modifies enhanced UV-B effects on growth, photosynthesis and oxidative stress in mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) seedlings: implication of salicylic acid. Pestic Biochem Physiol. 2014;116:13-23.) |
150 ppm |
4 d |
Leaves |
CAT DHAR GR SOD |
Decrease Decrease Decrease Increase |
Glyphosate |
G. max L. var. DM48 |
Spray |
0.94 % |
24 h |
Leaves |
APOX CAT POD |
Increase Increase Increase |
Moldes et al. (2008Moldes CA, Medici LO, Abrahão OS, Tsai SM, Azevedo RA. Biochemical responses of glyphosate resistant and susceptible soybean plants exposed to glyphosate. Acta Physiol Plant. 2008;30(4):469-79.) |
Roots |
APOX CAT POD |
Increase Increase Decrease |
G. max L. var. DM4800RG |
Spray |
0.94 % |
24 h |
Leaves |
APOX CAT POD |
Increase Decrease Increase |
Root |
APOX CAT POD |
Increase Decrease Increase |
G. max L. var. MSOY7501 |
Spray |
0.94 % |
24 h |
Leaves |
APOX CAT POD |
Increase Decrease Increase |
Root |
APOX CAT POD |
Increase Decrease Increase |
G. max L. var. MSOY7575RR |
Spray |
0.94 % |
24 h |
Leaves |
APOX CAT POD |
Increase Increase Increase |
Roots |
APOX CAT POD |
Increase Increase Increase |
V. radiate L. var. PDM11 |
Seed |
10 mM |
12 d |
Root |
CAT GST POD |
Increase Increase Increase |
Basantani et al. (2011Basantani M, Srivastava A, Sen S. Elevated antioxidant response and induction of tau-class glutathione S-transferase after glyphosate treatment in Vigna radiata (L.)Wilczek. Pest Biochem Physiol. 2011;99:111-7.) |
V. radiate L. var. PDM54 |
Seed |
10 mM |
12 d |
Root |
CAT POD GST |
Increase Increase Increase |
Z. mays L. var. Kneza-640 |
Spray |
10 mM |
10 d |
Leaves |
CAT GST POD |
Increase Increase Increase |
Sergiev et al. (2006Sergiev IG, Alexieva VS, Ivanov SV, Moskova II, Karanov EN. The phenylureacytokinin 4PU-30 protects maize plants against glyphosate action. Pest Biochem Physiol. 2006;8(3)5:139-46.) |
Phenoxy |
Clodinafop-propargyl |
Secale cereale L. |
Spray |
800 µg L-1
|
7 d |
Leaves |
CAT APOX |
Increase Increase |
Lukatkin et al. 2013Lukatkin AS, Gar’kova AN, Bochkarjova AS, Nushtaeva OV, Silva TJA. Treatment with the herbicide TOPIK induces oxidative stress in cereal leaves. Pest Biochem Physiol. 2013;105:44-9.
|
Triticum aestivum L. |
Spray |
800 µg L-1
|
7 d |
Leaves |
CAT APOX |
Increase Increase |
Z. mays L. |
Spray |
800 µg L-1
|
7 d |
Leaves |
CAT APOX |
Increase Increase |
Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl |
T. aestivum L. |
Spray |
250 g ha-1
|
15 d |
Leaves |
CAT POD |
Increase Increase |
Sing et al. (2013) |
Fusilade |
Arachis hypogaea L. |
Spray |
60 ppm |
14 d |
Leaves |
APOX CAT POD SOD |
Increase Decrease Increase Decrease |
Fayez et al. (2014Fayez KA, Radwan DEM, Mohamed AK, Abdelrahman AM. Fusilade herbicide causes alterations in chloroplast ultrastructure, pigment content and physiological activities of peanut leaves. Photosynthetica. 2014;52(4):548-54.) |
Haloxyfop-ethoxyethyl |
Triticum vulgare L. |
Drop on leaf |
50 µM |
12 h |
Leaves |
APOX CAT POD SOD |
Increase Increase Increase Decrease |
Janicka et al. (2008)Janicka U, Mioduszewska, Kielak E, Klocek J, Horbowic M The effect of haloxyfop-ethoxyethyl on antioxidant enzyme activities and growth of wheat leaves (Triticum vulgare L.). Pol J Environ Stud. 2008;17(4):485-90.
|
Quizalofop-p-ethyl |
Helianthus annuus L. |
Spray |
0.8 mM |
15 d |
Leaves |
APOX POD |
Increase Increase |
Bayram et al. (2015Bayram DD, Yigit E, Akbulut GB. The effects of salicylic acid on Helianthus annuus L. exposed to quizalofop-p-ethyl. Am J Plant Sci. 2015;6:2412-25.) |
R-diclofop-methyl |
A. thaliana L. |
Culture medium |
1 mg L-1
|
28 d |
Plantlets |
CAT POD SOD |
Decrease Increase Increase |
Zhang et al. (2012Zhang Q, Zhao M, Qian H, Lu T, Zhang Q, Liu W. Enantioselective damage of diclofop acid mediated by oxidative stress and acetyl-CoA carboxylase in nontarget plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Environ Sci Technol. 2012;46(15):8405-12.) |
S-diclofop-methyl |
A. thaliana L. |
Culture medium |
1 mg L-1
|
28 d |
Plantlets |
CAT POD SOD |
Increase Increase Decrease |
Pyrethroid |
Deltamethrin |
G. max L. Merr. |
Spray |
0.20 % |
10 d |
Leaves |
APOX CAT GR SOD |
Increase Decrease Increase Increase |
Bashir et al. (2007)Bashir F, Mahmooduzzafar, Siddiqi TO, Iqbal M. The antioxidative response system in Glycine max (L.)Merr.exposed to deltamethrin, a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide. Environ Poll. 2007;147:94-100.
|
Pyridine |
Fluroxypyr |
O. sativa L. |
Culture soln. |
0.8 mg L-1
|
6 d |
Leaves |
APOX CAT POD SOD |
No change Decrease Increase Increase |
Wu et al. (2010Wu GL, Cui J, Tao L, Yang H. Fluroxypyr triggers oxidative damage by producing superoxide and hydrogen peroxide in rice (Oryza sativa). Ecotoxicology. 2010;19:124-32.) |
Quaternary ammonium |
Paraquat |
Papaversomniferum L. |
Spray |
0.48 % |
24 h |
Leaves |
CAT POD SOD |
Increase Decrease Increase |
Zhao et al. (2010)Zhao RG, P-Y, Yuan X-Y, Wang J-Y, Han M-Q. Effect of paraquat on the antioxidative enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation in opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.). J Plant Dis Prot. 2010;117(2):55-9.
|
Triazine |
Atrazine |
Acorus calamus L. |
Culture soln. |
8 mg L-1
|
15 d |
Leaves |
POD |
Increase |
Wang et al. (2015Wang Q, Que X, Zheng R, Pang Z, Li C, Xiao B. Phytotoxicity assessment of atrazine on growth and physiology of three emergent plants. Environ Sci Pollut Res. 2015;22(13):9646-57.) |
Lythrum salicaria L. |
Culture soln. |
8 mg L-1
|
15 d |
Leaves |
POD |
Decrease |
O. sativa L. |
Hoagland medium |
0.4 mg L-1
|
6 d |
Leaves |
APOX CAT GR GST POD SOD |
Increase Increase Increase Increase Increase Increase |
Zhang et al. (2014Zhang JJ, Lu YC, Zhang JJ, Tan LR, Yang H Accumulation and toxicological response of atrazine in rice crops. Ecotoxicol Environ Safe. 2014;102:105-12.) |
Root |
APOX CAT GR GST POD SOD |
Increase Increase Increase Decrease Increase Increase |
Pennisetum americanum L. |
Soil |
10 mg kg-1
|
38 d |
Shoot |
APOX CAT POD SOD |
Increase Increase Increase Increase |
Jiang et al. (2016Jiang Z, Ma B, Erinle KO, Cao B, Liu X, Ye S, Zhang Y. Enzymatic antioxidant defense in resistant plant: Pennisetum americanum (L.) K. Schum during long-term atrazine exposure. Pestic Biochem Physiol. 2016;133:59-66.) |
Root |
APOX CAT POD SOD |
Increase Increase Increase Increase |
Scirpus tabernaemontani P. |
Culture soln. |
8 mg L-1
|
15 d |
Leaves |
POD |
Decrease |
Wang et al. (2015Wang Q, Que X, Zheng R, Pang Z, Li C, Xiao B. Phytotoxicity assessment of atrazine on growth and physiology of three emergent plants. Environ Sci Pollut Res. 2015;22(13):9646-57.) |
V. faba L. |
Spray |
1.79 kg a.i. ha-1
|
12 d |
Shoot |
APOX CAT POD SOD |
Decrease Decrease Decrease Decrease |
Hassan and Alla (2005Hassan NM, Alla MMN. Oxidative stress in herbicide-treated broad bean and maize plants. Acta Physiol Plant. 2005;27(4):429-38.) |
Z. mays L. |
Spray |
1.79 kg a.i. ha-1
|
12 d |
Shoot |
APOX CAT POD SOD |
Decrease Decrease Decrease Increase |
78 mM |
5 d |
Leaves |
APOX POD |
Increase Increase |
Akbulut and Yigit (2010Akbulut GB, Yigit E. The changes in some biochemical parameters in Zea mays cv. “Martha F1” treated with atrazine. Ecotox Environ Safe. 2010;73(6):1429-32.) |
Hoagland medium |
10 mg L-1
|
3 d |
Shoot |
CAT POD SOD |
Increase Increase Increase |
Li et al. (2012Li X, Wu T, Huang H, Zhang S. Atrazine accumulation and toxic responses in maize Zea mays. J Environ Sci. 2012;24(2):203-8.) |
Root |
CAT POD SOD |
Increase Increase Increase |
Z. mays L. Hybrid 351 |
Soil |
1.79 kg ha-1
|
8 d |
Shoot |
APOX CAT POD GST SOD |
Increase Decrease Decrease Increase Increase |
Alla and Hassan (2006Alla MMN, Hassan NM. Changes of antioxidants levels in two maize lines following atrazine treatments. Pest Biochem Physiol. 2006;44:202-10.) |
Z. mays L. Giza 2 |
Soil |
1.79 kg ha-1
|
8 d |
Shoot |
APOX CAT POD GST SOD |
Decrease Decrease Decrease Decrease Decrease |
Prometryn |
T. aestivum L. |
Soil |
12 mg kg-1
|
10 d |
Leaves |
APOX CAT GST POD SOD |
Increase Increase Increase Increase Increase |
Jiang and Yang (2009Jiang L, Yang H. Prometryne-induced oxidative stress and impact on antioxidant enzymes in wheat. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2009;72(6):1687-93.) |
Root |
APOX CAT GST POD SOD |
Increase Increase Increase Increase Increase |
Urea |
Chlorotoluron |
T. aestivum L. |
Soil |
25 mg kg-1
|
10 d |
Root |
APOX CAT POD SOD |
Increase Decrease Increase Increase |
Song et al. (2007Song NH, Yin XL, Chen GF, Yang H. Biological responses of wheat (Triticum aestivum) plants to the herbicide chlorotoluron in soils. Chemosphere. 2007;68(9):1779-87.) |
Chlorimuron-ethyl |
T. aestivum L. |
Soil |
300 µg kg-1
|
24 h |
Leaves |
POD |
Increase |
Wang and Zhou (2006Wang M, Zhou Q. Effects of herbicide chlorimuron-ethyl on physiological mechanisms in wheat (Triticum aestivum). Ecotox Environ Safe. 2006;64:190-7.) |
Root |
POD |
Increase |
Fluometuron |
Z. mays L. |
Spray |
2.98 kg a.i. ha-1
|
12 d |
Shoot |
APOX CAT POD SOD |
Decrease Decrease Decrease Decrease |
Hassan and Alla (2005Hassan NM, Alla MMN. Oxidative stress in herbicide-treated broad bean and maize plants. Acta Physiol Plant. 2005;27(4):429-38.) |
V. faba L. |
Spray |
2.98 kg a.i. ha-1
|
12 d |
Shoot |
APOX CAT POD SOD |
Decrease Decrease Decrease Decrease |
Granstar |
S. cereale L. |
Leaf disk immersing |
300 µg L-1
|
3 h |
Leaves |
APOX CAT SOD |
Increase Increase Increase |
Gar’kova et al. (2011Gar’kova AN, Rusyaeva MM, Nushtaeva OV, Aroslankina YN, Lukatkin AS. Treatment with the herbicide granstar induces oxidative stress in cereal leaves. Russ J Plant Physiol. 2011;58:1074-81.) |
T. aestivum L. |
Leaf disk immersing |
300 µg L-1
|
3 h |
Leaves |
APOX CAT SOD |
Increase Increase Increase |
Z. mays L. |
Leaf disk immersing |
300 µg L-1
|
3 h |
Leaves |
APOX CAT SOD |
Increase Increase Increase |
Isoproturon |
P. sativum L. |
Sand |
10 mM |
15 d |
Leaves |
APOX CAT GPOX SOD |
Increase Increase Decrease Increase |
Singh et al. (2016Singh H, Singh NB, Singh A, Hussain I, Yadav V. Physiological and biochemical effects of salicylic acid on Pisum sativum exposed to isoproturon. Arch Agron Soil Sci. 2016;62(10):1425-1436. ) |
T. aestivum L. . |
Soil |
2.5 L ha-1
|
15 d |
Shoot |
APOX CAT SOD |
Decrease Decrease Decrease |
Alla and Hassan, (2014) |
4 mg kg-1
|
10 d |
Shoot |
APOX CAT GR GST POD SOD |
Increase Decrease Increase Increase Increase Increase |
Liang et al. (2012Liang L, Lu YL, Yang H. Toxicology of isoproturon to the food crop wheat as affected by salicylic acid. Environ Sci Pollut Res. 2012;19(6):2044-54.) |
4 mg kg-1
|
10 d |
Root |
APOX CAT GR GST POD SOD |
Increase Decrease Increase Increase Increase Increase |
10 mg kg-1
|
10 d |
Leaves |
APOX CAT GST POD SOD |
Increase Decrease Increase Increase Increase |
Yin et al. (2008Yin XL, Jiang L, Song NH, Yang H. Toxic reactivity of wheat (Triticum aestivum) plants to herbicide isoproturon. J Agric Food Chem. 2008;56(12):4825-31.) |
10 mg kg-1
|
10 d |
Root |
APOX CAT GST POD SOD |
Increase Increase Increase Increase Increase |
Spray |
1 kg ha-1
|
15 d |
Leaves |
CAT POD |
Increase Increase |
Sing et al. (2013) |
Rimsulfuron |
V. faba L. |
Spray |
0.015 kg a.i. ha-1
|
12 d |
Shoot |
APOX CAT POD SOD |
Increase Increase Increase Increase |
Hassan and Alla (2005Hassan NM, Alla MMN. Oxidative stress in herbicide-treated broad bean and maize plants. Acta Physiol Plant. 2005;27(4):429-38.) |
Z. mays L. |
Spray |
0.015 kg a.i. ha-1
|
12 d |
Shoot |
APOX CAT POD SOD |
Increase Increase Increase Increase |
Sulfosulfuron |
T. aestivum L. |
Spray |
800 g ha-1
|
15 d |
Leaves |
CAT POD |
Increase Increase |
Sing et al. (2013) |
Unclassified |
Dichlorobenzene |
Z. mays L. |
Hoagland medium |
80 mg L-1
|
7 d |
Root |
GR POD |
Increase Decrease |
San Miguel et al. (2012San Miguel, Faure M, Ravanel P, Raveton M. Biological responses of maize (Zea mays) plants exposed to chlorobenzenes. Case study of monochloro-, 1, 4-dichloro-and 1, 2, 4-trichloro-benzenes. Ecotoxicology. 2012;21(2):315-24.) |
Leaves |
GR POD |
Decrease Decrease |
Flurochloridone |
H. annuus L. |
Spray |
11 mM |
15 d |
Leaves |
APOX CAT GR GST SOD |
Decrease Decrease Increase Increase Increase |
Kaya and Yigit (2014Kaya A, Yigit E. The physiological and biochemical effects of salicylic acid on sunflowers (Helianthus annuus) exposed to flurochloridone. Ecotoxicol Environ Safe. 2014;106:232-8.) |
V. sativa L. |
Spray |
32 mM |
15 d |
Leaves |
GR GST |
Increase Increase |
Kaya and Yigit (2012Kaya A, Yigit E. Interactions among glutathione s-transferase, glutathione reductase activity and glutathione contents in leaves of Vicia faba L. subjected to flurochloridone. Fresenius Environ Bull. 2012;21(6):1635-40.) |
Monochlorobenzene |
Z. mays L. |
Hoagland medium |
80 mg L-1
|
7 d |
Roots |
GR POD |
Increase Increase |
San Miguel et al. (2012San Miguel, Faure M, Ravanel P, Raveton M. Biological responses of maize (Zea mays) plants exposed to chlorobenzenes. Case study of monochloro-, 1, 4-dichloro-and 1, 2, 4-trichloro-benzenes. Ecotoxicology. 2012;21(2):315-24.) |
Leaves |
GR POD |
Decrease Increase |
Trichlorobenzene |
Z. mays L. |
Hoagland medium |
40 mg L-1
|
7 d |
Root |
GR POD |
Increase No change |
Leaves |
GR POD |
Decrease No change |