Biodegradable hybrid PLA composites incorporating coffee husks and mineral fillers

Silva, Riquelme Gomes da; Barboza, Laysa Silva; Silveira, Pedro Henrique Poubel Mendonça da; Conceição, Marceli do Nascimento da; Ribeiro, Roberto Carlos da Conceição; Bastos, Daniele Cruz

doi:10.1590/0104-1428.20240020

Riquelme Gomes da Silva

investigation

resources

Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e Engenharias, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro – UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil

https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6652-9310

Laysa Silva Barboza

formal analysis

investigation

resources

Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e Engenharias, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro – UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil

https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8043-8616

Pedro Henrique Poubel Mendonça da Silveira

data curation

resources

software

visualization

writing – original draft

writing – review & editing

Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e Engenharias, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro – UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil

Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência e Engenharia de Materiais, Instituto Militar de Engenharia – IME, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2651-1285

Marceli do Nascimento da Conceição

writing – original draft

Coordenação de Rochas Ornamentais, Centro de Tecnologia Mineral – CETEM, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7012-3274

Roberto Carlos da Conceição Ribeiro

conceptualization

funding acquisition

methodology

project administration

supervision

validation

Coordenação de Rochas Ornamentais, Centro de Tecnologia Mineral – CETEM, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5600-7290

Daniele Cruz Bastos ^* * daniele.bastos@uerj.br

conceptualization

funding acquisition

methodology

project administration

supervision

validation

visualization

writing – review & editing

Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e Engenharias, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro – UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7368-9329

* daniele.bastos@uerj.br

Groups	PLA (wt.%)	CH (wt.%)	PF (wt.%)	BB (wt.%)
100/0/0/0	100	-	-	-
80/10/5/5	80	10	5	5
70/20/5/5	70	20	5	5
60/30/5/5	60	30	5	5
50/40/5/5	50	40	5	5

OXIDE	CH	PF	BB
MgO	0.46	2.2	6.05
Al₂O₃	0.60	14.3	0.48
SiO₂	2.00	62.6	4.50
P₂O₅	0.49	0.51	-
SO₃	0.24	0.15	-
K₂O	4.30	4.00	-
CaO	0.83	4.90	45.70
TiO₂	< 0.10	1.40	-
MnO	-	0.10	-
Fe₂O₃	0.66	6.90	0.16
SrO	-	< 0.10	-
Bi₂O₃	-	< 0.10	-
Co₃O₄	< 0.10	-	-
Na₂O	0.11	2.5	-
NiO	< 0.10	-	-
Rb₂O	-	< 0.10	-
WO₃	0,22	-	-
ZrO₂	-	< 0.10	-
LOI	89.9	0.34	43.15

Material	Absorption Range	Functional Group/Vibration
Coffee Husk	3600-3000	O-H; Water
Coffee Husk	2935	Caffeine
Coffee Husk	1731, 1596	Caffeine
Coffee Husk	1700-1600	Chlorogenic acid
Coffee Husk	1241	Sucrose
Coffee Husk	1014	Arabinogalactans
Coffee Husk	771	Arabinogalactans
Potassium Feldspar	1250-830	Asymmetric stretching of Si-O
Potassium Feldspar	998	Asymmetric stretching of Si-O
Potassium Feldspar	800, 780	Asymmetric stretching of Si-O
Potassium Feldspar	655	Symmetric and asymmetric bending of Si-O
Potassium Feldspar	2846, 2915	CH₂ and CH₃ vibrations
Bahia Beige	2846, 2915	CH₂ and CH₃ vibrations
Bahia Beige	987, 1047	C=C bending
Bahia Beige	1081	C-O stretching

Material	Absorption Range	Functional Group/Vibration
PLA	1747	C=O stretching
PLA	1079	C-O stretching
PLA	1380, 1349	C-H stretching
PLA	867, 755	Crystalline and amorphous phases
Composites	1746	C=O stretching (reduced)
Composites	1380, 1349	C-H stretching (reduced)
Composites	1454	Carbonate ion stretching
Composites	867-755	Carbonate ion stretching

Groups	Density (g/cm³)	Hardness (Shore D)	Contact angle (^o)
Capsule	0.866 ± 0.019	80.67 ± 0.58	74.61 ± 0.29
100/0/0/0	1.259 ± 0.025	78.67 ± 2.30	74.80 ± 0.17
80/10/5/5	1.190 ± 0.045	78.67 ± 2.08	64.25 ± 3.48
70/20/5/5	1.200 ± 0.005	74.33 ± 9.07	76.70 ± 3.75
60/30/5/5	1,166 ± 0.005	71.33 ± 2.51	65.85 ± 0.76
50/40/5/5	1.138 ± 0.090	69.33 ± 2.31	64.02 ± 0.55

	Degree Freedom	Sum of Squares	Mean Square	F Value	Prob>F
Treatment	5	0.28	0.056	29.74	2.30202E-6
Residue	12	0.02	0.002
Total	17	0.30

	Mean	Groups
PLA	1.25933	A
70/20/5/5	1.20033	A	B
80/10/5/5	1.19	A	B
60/30/5/5	1.16633	A	B
50/40/5/5	1.138		B
Coffee Capsule	0.871			C

	Degree Freedom	Sum of Squares	Mean Square	F Value	Prob>F
Treatment	5	310.50	62.10	3.58	0.03255
Residue	12	208.00	17.33
Total	17	518.50

	Mean	Groups
Coffee Capsule	80.67	A
80/10/5/5	78.67	A
PLA	78.67	A
70/20/5/5	74.33	A
60/30/5/5	71.33	A
50/40/5/5	69.33	A

	Degree Freedom	Sum of Squares	Mean Square	F Value	Prob>F
Treatment	5	1525.67	305.13	50.68	2.25367E-17
Residue	45	270.95	6.02
Total	50	1796.61

	Mean	Groups
70/20/5/5	76.70	A
PLA	74.80	A
Coffee Capsule	74.10	A
60/30/5/5	65.85		B
80/10/5/5	64.25		B
50/40/5/5	64.02		B

		PLA	80/10/5/5	70/20/5/5	60/30/5/5	50/40/5/5
D65	L*	85.42	48.83	27.61	20.91	11.03
	a*	0.06	9.57	7.50	6.41	4.97
	b*	2.15	20.64	12.70	11.06	7.07
A	L*	85.6	51.1	29.22	22.31	12.05
	a*	1.67	11.32	9.86	8.34	6.68
	b*	2.09	24.11	14.89	13.19	8.64
C	L*	85.41	48.88	27.64	20.93	11.04
	a*	0.07	8.82	7.05	6.07	4.77
	b*	2.14	20.76	12.8	11.11	7.11
F7	L*	85.36	49.16	27.73	21.01	11.06
	a*	0.13	9.48	7.37	6.19	4.76
	b*	1.97	21.16	12.85	11.20	7.11

[1] * daniele.bastos@uerj.br

Brasil

Brasil

Biodegradable hybrid PLA composites incorporating coffee husks and mineral fillers

Abstract