Effect of PVA and PDE on selected structural characteristics of extrusion-cooked starch foams

Combrzyński, Maciej; Mościcki, Leszek; Kwaśniewska, Anita; Oniszczuk, Tomasz; Wójtowicz, Agnieszka; Kręcisz, Magdalena; Sołowiej, Bartosz; Gładyszewska, Bożena; Muszyński, Siemowit

doi:10.1590/0104-1428.02617

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Original Article • Polímeros 28 (1) • Jan-Mar 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-1428.02617 copy

Effect of PVA and PDE on selected structural characteristics of extrusion-cooked starch foams

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The aim of this work was to determine selected physical properties of biodegradable thermoplastic starch (TPS) filling foams manufactured by extrusion-cooking technique from different combinations of potato starch and two additives: poly(vinyl alcohol) PVA and Plastronfoam PDE. Foams were processed with seven starch/additives combinations at two different extruder-cooker’s screw rotational speeds. The densities of starch foams depended significantly on the additive type and content. The linear relationship between the Young modulus and the ultimate compression force and apparent density was found. The foams processed with the addition of PVA had low density, porosity and lower values of the Young modulus than the foams prepared with PDE.

Keywords:
extrusion-cooking; thermoplastic starch foams; protective loose-fill materials; physical properties; functional additives

Sample code	Blend composition (g/g)			Extruder-cooker screw speed (rpm)
Sample code	Potato starch	PVA	PDE	Extruder-cooker screw speed (rpm)
C100	100	0	0	100
1PVA100	99	1	0	100
2PVA100	98	2	0	100
3PVA100	97	3	0	100
1PDE100	99	0	1	100
2PDE100	98	0	2	100
3PDE100	97	0	3	100
C130	100	0	0	130
1PVA130	99	1	0	130
2PVA130	98	2	0	130
3PVA130	97	3	0	130
1PDE130	99	0	1	130
2PDE130	98	0	2	130
3PDE130	97	0	3	130

Foam type	True density (g⋅cm^-3)	Apparent density (g⋅cm^-3)	Porosity (%)	Specific pore volume (cm³⋅g^-1)
C100	1.227 ± 0.107^gh*	0.439 ± 0.068^h	64.14 ± 4.74^ab	3.141 ± 0.69^a
1PVA100	0.983 ± 0.062^ef	0.295 ± 0.022^f	69.81 ± 3.44^bcd	4.422 ± 0.245^bc
2PVA100	1.198 ± 0.086^fgh	0.289 ± 0.032^f	75.61 ± 4.06^def	4.334 ± 0.369^bc
3PVA100	1.406 ± 0.164^h	0.235 ± 0.026^e	83.15 ± 2.10^gh	5.02 ± 0.589^c
1PDE100	0.635 ± 0.126^bc	0.184 ± 0.029^cde	70.78 ± 2.65^cd	7.159 ± 0.980^ef
2PDE100	0.411 ± 0.070^ab	0.130 ± 0.007^ab	67.79 ± 4.27^bc	10.222 ± 0.819^g
3PDE100	0.262 ± 0.031^a	0.109 ± 0.006^a	57.96 ± 5.05^a	13.07 ± 0.721^h
C130	1.202 ± 0.068^fgh	0.379 ± 0.038^g	68.43 ± 3.30^bc	3.496 ± 0.273^ab
1PVA130	1.300 ± 0.265^h	0.231 ± 0.034^de	81.77 ± 3.75^fgh	5.508 ± 0.729^cd
2PVA130	1.068 ± 0.133^efg	0.187 ± 0.011^cde	82.27 ± 1.85^gh	6.298 ± 0.399^de
3PVA130	1.238 ± 0.160^gh	0.175 ± 0.019^bc	85.74 ± 1.85^h	6.595 ± 0.627^ef
1PDE130	0.938 ± 0.077^de	0.181 ± 0.016^bcd	80.63 ± 1.55^efgh	6.624 ± 0.531^ef
2PDE130	0.743 ± 0.119^cd	0.160 ± 0.018^abc	78.15 ± 2.98^efg	7.69 ± 0.845^f
3PDE130	0.457 ± 0.041^ab	0.113 ± 0.011^a	75.05 ± 3.89^de	11.14 ± 0.81^g
p-value F.A. ^* * F.A. = functional additive; S.S. = screw speed.	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
p value S.S.	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.723
p value F.A. x S.S.	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001

Foam type	Young modulus (MPa)	Ultimate compression force (N)
C100	563.8 ± 87.7^f*	204.1 ± 33.1^c
1PVA100	404.0 ± 71.8^e	100.0 ± 18.6^b
2PVA100	414.5 ± 95.3^de	88.0 ± 14.9^b
3PVA100	373.1 ± 50.8^de	88.4 ± 23.8^b
1PDE100	387.3 ± 55.4^e	69.0 ± 19.4^ab
2PDE100	314.7 ± 58.0^cde	54.3 ± 15.8^ab
3PDE100	197.0 ± 56.3^abc	30.0 ± 12.1^a
C130	566.5 ± 55.6^f	162.9 ± 71.6^c
1PVA130	371.4 ± 53.0^de	86.4 ± 23.3^ab
2PVA130	310.2 ± 69.2^bcd	76.0 ± 43.0^ab
3PVA130	206.1 ± 57.7^ab	60.7 ± 11.2^ab
1PDE130	342.4 ± 57.9^de	64.0 ± 31.1^ab
2PDE130	311.9 ± 68.9^cde	57.2 ± 18.3^ab
3PDE130	127.1 ± 33.4^a	33.6 ± 14.0^a
p value F.A. ^* * F.A. = functional additive; S.S. = screw speed.	<0.001	<0.001
p value S.S.	<0.001	0.004
p value F.A. x S.S.	<0.001	0.632

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[1] *maciej.combrzynski@up.lublin.pl ; siemowit.muszynski@up.lublin.pl