Psychometric properties of the online Satisfaction with Life Scale in university students from a low-income region

Cardoso, Antonio Gibran de Almeida; Carvalho, Millena Vaz de; Silva, Maria Isabela Alves de Almeida; Franco, Alaiana Marinho; Quaresma, Fernando Rodrigues Peixoto; Maciel, Erika Da Silva; Nascimento-Ferreira, Marcus Vinicius

doi:10.1186/s41155-023-00254-2

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Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica

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Sumário

Research • Psicol. Reflex. Crit. 36 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1186/s41155-023-00254-2 copy

Psychometric properties of the online Satisfaction with Life Scale in university students from a low-income region

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Purpose

To test the feasibility, reliability, and validity of the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) in an online format in university students from a low-income region.

Methods

This was a psychometric study, involving a study of reliability ( n = 117) and validity ( n = 195) in university students from a region with a Gini index of 0.56. The scale was applied at two time points with an interval of 2 weeks. This scale measures satisfaction with life based on five statements and responses ranging from 1 to 7 (strongly disagree to strongly agree). We conducted the reliability assessment using temporal stability and internal consistency and construct validity assessment by internal structure solution.

Results

All SWLS items showed acceptable (rho > 0.30) and significant ( p < 0.05) temporal stability and acceptable internal consistency (alpha > 0.70). In construct validity (internal structure), we identified a factor with an explained variance of 59.0% in the exploratory factor analysis. Additionally, in the confirmatory factor analysis, we identified a one-factor structure solution for SWLS with an acceptable model fitting (chi-square/degrees of freedom [ X ²/df] = 6.53; Tucker–Lewis Index [TLI] = 0.991; Comparative Fit Index [CFI] = 0.996; root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = 0.040; standardized root mean-squared residual [SRMR] = 0.026).

Conclusion

The Satisfaction with Life Scale, in the online format, is a reliable and valid tool for university students in a low-income context.

Keywords
Questionnaire; Satisfaction with life; Reproducibility; Structural validity; Adults

Variables		Q1% ( n = 195) ^a a Validity sample	Q2% ( n = 117) ^b b Reliability sample	p -value ^c c Chi-square goodness-of-fit test
Biological sex	Male	31.3	27.4	0.36
Biological sex	Female	68.7	72.6
Age	Up to 20 years	23.6	26.7	0.63
	21 to 25 years	44.6	45.7
	26 to 30 years	18.5	14.7
	31 to 35 years	7.2	5.2
	36 years or more	6.2	7.8
Academic course	Nutrition	8.8	6.0	0.17
	Law	14.1	11.1
	Physical education	22.3	24.8
	Nursing	11.1	12.0
	Aesthetics and cosmetics	7.6	1.7
	Physical therapy	16.1	18.8
	Psychology	15.0	21.4
	Social work	3.2	1.7
	Administration	1.8	0.9
Academic shift	Morning	20.1	20.5	0.92
	Afternoon	0.52	0.9
	Evening	61.3	62.4
	Full	18.0	16.2

Items	Q1	Q2	Rho	Alpha
Item 1	2.0 (1.0–3.0)	2.0 (1.0–3.0)	0.66	0.74
Item 2	2.0 (1.0–4.0)	2.0 (1.0–3.0)	0.69	0.76
Item 3	2.0 (1.0–3.0)	2.0 (1.0–3.0)	0.73	0.72
Item 4	1.0 (1.0–2.0)	1.0 (1.0–2.0)	0.42	0.80
Item 5	3.0 (2.0–5.0)	3.0 (2.0–5.0)	0.63	0.83

Items	Factor 1	Uniqueness	Communality (1-uniqueness) %
Item 1	0.832	0.308	69.2
Item 2	0.798	0.364	63.6
Item 3	0.873	0.239	76.1
Item 4	0.675	0.545	45.5
Item 5	0.623	0.612	38.8
Eigenvalue	2.93
Explained variance ^a a Based on only one factor identified by using eigenvalue greater than one rule (Kaiser's rule)	0.59 or 59.0%

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[1] * Correspondence: Marcus Vinicius Nascimento-Ferreira, marcus.nascimento@mail.uft.edu.br