Psychometric properties of the FACES IV package for Spanish adolescents

Vegas, María I.; Mateos-Agut, Manuel; Pineda-Otaola, Pedro J.; Sebastián-Vega, Carlota

doi:10.1186/s41155-022-00222-2

Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

Brasil

Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica

Español English

Brasil

Español English

sumário « anterior atual seguinte »

Sumário

Research • Psicol. Reflex. Crit. 35 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1186/s41155-022-00222-2 copy

Psychometric properties of the FACES IV package for Spanish adolescents

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The family plays an essential role in the life of an adolescent. Hence, an acceptable understanding and an evaluation of family functioning is fundamental for effective interventions with adolescents in the psychological, social, and educational fields. The main purpose of this study is to examine the psychometric properties of the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale (FACES IV), the Family Communication Scale (FCS), and the Family Satisfaction Scale (FSS), for assessing the family functioning of Spanish adolescents. The sample was comprised of 1187 adolescents between 14 ?18 years old (49.96% boys and 50.04% girls; M = 16.17; SD = 1.31) from Castile and Leon (Spain), selected from 23 educational centers, 10 university degree courses, and 18 specific juvenile centers for adolescents with either family or behavioral problems. The scales of Balanced Cohesion, Balanced Flexibility and Disengaged showed good convergent validity, while Enmeshed, Rigid, and Chaotic did not. For this reason some items were removed, obtaining a shortened version of FACES IV, that demonstrated acceptable reliability, and good convergent and predictive validity. The FCS and FSS scales yielded excellent psychometric properties. The results confirmed the factorial structure of the FACES IV, its transcultural applicability, and its validity for different ages. The hypotheses of the circumplex model were confirmed, except for the dysfunctionality of two scales, Enmeshed and Rigid, that contrary to what was expected, showed positive correlations with Family Communication, Family Satisfaction, Balanced Cohesion, and Balanced Flexibility. In brief, our results present the FACES IV package as a useful instrument for the assessment of family functioning of Spanish adolescents. Future studies will be necessary to confirm the trend observed for the two aforementioned scales among adolescents.

Keywords:
FACES IV; Circumplex model; Adolescence; Family Communication; Family Satisfaction; Cohesion; Flexibility; Family functioning; Validation; Family assessment

Factor loadings for each item			Factor loadings for each item
Item 1	Balanced Cohesion	.549	Item 38	Balanced Flexibility	.722
Item 7	Balanced Cohesion	.754	Item 32	Balanced Flexibility	.381
Item 13	Balanced Cohesion	.720	Item 26	Balanced Flexibility	.423
Item 19	Balanced Cohesion	.561	Item 20	Balanced Flexibility	.546
Item 25	Balanced Cohesion	.573	Item 14	Balanced Flexibility	.602
Item 31	Balanced Cohesion	.655	Item 8	Balanced Flexibility	.553
Item 37	Balanced Cohesion	.630	Item 2	Balanced Flexibility	.540
Item 40	Enmeshed	.323	Item 5	Rigid	.625
Item 34	Enmeshed	.096 ^a a items with factor loadings below 0.3	Item 11	Rigid	.556
Item 28	Enmeshed	.723	Item 17	Rigid	.644
Item 22	Enmeshed	.147 ^a a items with factor loadings below 0.3	Item 23	Rigid	.525
Item 16	Enmeshed	.519	Item 29	Rigid	.211 ^a a items with factor loadings below 0.3
Item 10	Enmeshed	.050 ^a a items with factor loadings below 0.3	Item 35	Rigid	.614
Item 4	Enmeshed	.631	Item 41	Rigid	.170 ^a a items with factor loadings below 0.3
Item 3	Disengaged	.614	Item 42	Chaotic	.697
Item 9	Disengaged	.688	Item 36	Chaotic	.511
Item 15	Disengaged	.436	Item 30	Chaotic	.113 ^a a items with factor loadings below 0.3
Item 21	Disengaged	.638	Item 24	Chaotic	.342
Item 27	Disengaged	.646	Item 18	Chaotic	.674
Item 33	Disengaged	.334	Item 12	Chaotic	.050 ^a a items with factor loadings below 0.3
Item 39	Disengaged	.392	Item 6	Chaotic	.584

	Balanced Cohesion	Balanced Flexibility	Disengaged	Enmeshed		Rigid		Chaotic
	Item 1	Item 2	Item 3	Item 4	Item 10	Item 5	Item 29	Item 6	Item 12
	Item 7	Item 8	Item 9	Item 16	Item 22	Item 11	Item 41	Item 18	Item 24
	Item 13	Item 14	Item 15	Item 28	Item 34	Item 17		Item 36	Item 30
	Item 19	Item 20	Item 21		Item 40	Item 23		Item 42
	Item 25	Item 26	Item 27			Item 35
	Item 31	Item 32	Item 33
	Item 37	Item 38	Item 39
^Pa Pa Percentage of variance explained by each AFE factor (eigenvalues-greater-than-one rule)	49.8%	41.11%	40.28%	25.9%	22.5%	33.7%	17.4%	31.9%	21.0%
^Rb Rb ratio between the difference of the first and second eigenvalues and the difference between the second and third eigenvalues	44.5	22.75	10.70	1.87 (< 3)		10.43		1.75 (< 3)
KMO test	.885	.828	.840	.676		.767		.749
Bartlett's test of	χ² = 2435.72	χ² = 1377.4	χ² = 1478.39	χ² = 853.73		χ² = 1262.3		χ² = 1152.6
sphericity (χ²)	sig. .000	sig. .000	sig. .000	sig. .000		sig. .000		sig. .000

FACES IV scales	Mean	SD	α	CR	AVE	FACES IV Scales—Correlations
FACES IV scales	Mean	SD	α	CR	AVE	Balanced Cohesion	Balanced Flexibility	Disengaged	Enmeshed ^a (a) Adapted new scales, without deleted items	Rigid ^a (a) Adapted new scales, without deleted items
Balanced Cohesion	3.632	.754	.830	.826	.408
Balanced Flexibility	3.493	.678	.730	.744	.301	.77 ^ () p -value < .01
Disengaged	2.463	.723	.747	.744	.305	-.60 ^ () p -value < .01	-.49 ^ () p -value < .01
Enmeshed ^a (a) Adapted new scales, without deleted items	2.675	.837	.655	.657	.400	.43 ^ () p -value < .01	.42 ^ () p -value < .01	-.30 ^ () p -value < .01
Rigid ^a (a) Adapted new scales, without deleted items	2.827	.776	.713	.734	.357	.28 ^ () p -value < .01	.37 ^ () p -value < .01	-.07 ^* *()** p -value < .05	.32 ^ () p -value < .01
Chaotic ^a (a) Adapted new scales, without deleted items	2.219	.753	.697	.701	.332	-.32 ^ () p -value < .01	-.36 ^ () p -value < .01	.52 ^ () p -value < .01	.06	-.07 ^* *()** p -value < .05

FCS	Factor loading	FSS	Factor loading
FCS1	.713	FSS1	.735
FCS2	.693	FSS2	.725
FCS3	.695	FSS3	.715
FCS4	.719	FSS4	.742
FCS5	.685	FSS5	.727
FCS6	.477	FSS6	.736
FCS7	.587	FSS7	.549
FCS8	.721	FSS8	.725
FCS9	.698	FSS9	.666
FCS10	.694	FSS10	.687

Scale	Mean	SD	CR	AVE	CMIN/df	GFI	AGFI	NFI	IFI	CFI	RMSEA	p -value
FCS	34.68	7.92	.891	.452	4.605	.982	.959	.978	.983	.983	.055	.182
FSS	37.14	7.83	.907	.494	4.144	.981	.962	.982	.987	.987	.052	.372

Scales	FSS	Cohesion	Flexibility	Disengaged	Enmeshed ^a (.a) Adapted new scales, without deleted items	Rigid ^a (.a) Adapted new scales, without deleted items	Chaotic ^a (.a) Adapted new scales, without deleted items
FCS	.788 ^ () p -value < .01	.704 ^ () p -value < .01	.684 ^ () p -value < .01	–.571 ^ () p -value < .01	.427 ^ () p -value < .01	.199 ^ () p -value < .01	–.368 ^ () p -value < .01
FSS	–	.696 ^ () p -value < .01	.668 ^ () p -value < .01	–.555 ^ () p -value < .01	.464 ^ () p -value < .01	.264 ^ () p -value < .01	–.296 ^ () p -value < .01

		Upper versus lower 50% on FSS	Upper 40% versus lower 40% on FSS	Upper versus lower 50% on FCS	Upper 40% versus lower 40% on FCS
N for each group		Upper N = 575	Upper N = 505	Upper N = 599	Upper N = 471
N for each group		Lower N = 603	Lower N = 474	Lower N = 579	Lower N = 513
Unbalanced Scales
	Disengaged	70.5%	74.8%	71.0%	73.9%
	Chaotic ^a (.a) Adapted new scales, without deleted items	62.1%	65.3%	61.0%	62.1%
	Enmeshed ^a (.a) Adapted new scales, without deleted items	65.5%	68.0%	68.6%	66.6%
	Rigid ^a (.a) Adapted new scales, without deleted items	57.6%	58.5%	60.1%	61.4%
Balanced Scales
	Balanced Cohesion	75.6%	80.7%	75.6%	79.4%
	Balanced Flexibility	72.4%	77.8%	74.7%	78.5%
	Six scales together	77.3%	82.9%	78.4%	82.6%

Curso de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600 - sala 110, 90035-003 Porto Alegre RS - Brazil, Tel.: +55 51 3308-5691 - Porto Alegre - RS - Brazil
E-mail: prc@springeropen.com

Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS

[1] * Correspondence: mivegas2000@hotmail.com

Scales	FSS	Cohesion	Flexibility	Disengaged	Enmeshed ^a (.a) Adapted new scales, without deleted items	Rigid ^a (.a) Adapted new scales, without deleted items	Chaotic ^a (.a) Adapted new scales, without deleted items
FCS	.788 ^ () p -value < .01	.704 ^ () p -value < .01	.684 ^ () p -value < .01	–.571 ^ () p -value < .01	.427 ^ () p -value < .01	.199 ^ () p -value < .01	–.368 ^ () p -value < .01
FSS	–	.696 ^ () p -value < .01	.668 ^ () p -value < .01	–.555 ^ () p -value < .01	.464 ^ () p -value < .01	.264 ^ () p -value < .01	–.296 ^ () p -value < .01