Effectiveness of music-based interventions for cognitive rehabilitation in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review of randomized controlled clinical trials

Citon, Leonardo Francisco; Hamdan, Amer Cavalheiro

doi:10.1186/s41155-023-00259-x

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Review • Psicol. Reflex. Crit. 36 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1186/s41155-023-00259-x copy

Effectiveness of music-based interventions for cognitive rehabilitation in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review of randomized controlled clinical trials

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Background

Music-based interventions are promising for cognitive rehabilitation in Parkinson's disease; however, systematic reviews covering the topic are scarce.

Objective

To analyze the effectiveness of music-based interventions for cognitive rehabilitation in PD.

Method

Systematic review study based on PRISMA criteria. The descriptors Parkinson's disease, Parkinson's disease, idiopathic Parkinson's disease, music-based interventions, music therapy, music training, auditory stimulation, music, rhythm, rhythmic, cognition, and cognitive were used. Five databases were searched PubMed/MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane in May 2022. Only randomized controlled trials with no limit on publication date or language were included. Risk of bias was assessed following Cochrane Collaboration criteria for development of systematic intervention reviews.

Results

Nine hundred nineteen articles were found by the descriptors; 266 were excluded for being repeated; 650 for not meeting the inclusion criteria. The remaining three articles were included and analyzed. The interventions consisted of practices with emphasis on rhythm and were conducted in groups. Risks of important biases were observed, such as lack of blinding in the allocation of participants and in the assessment of outcomes, as well as incomplete data for some outcomes.

Conclusion

Overall, the results showed no evidence of efficacy of music-based interventions for cognitive outcomes in PD.

Keywords
Parkinson's disease; Music-based interventions; Music therapy; Cognitive rehabilitation; Cognition

Author	Year	Objective	Sample	Intervention	Results
Jin-Kyoung Park, Soo Ji Kim	2021	To evaluate the effects of a drumming intervention with rhythmic cues on upper extremity motor control and attentional control in patients with PD.	Twelve participants, aged 40–60 years, with a diagnosis of a PD in stages I to III on the Hoehn and Yahr scale. Six participants in the intervention group.	Three sessions per week, for 12 weeks, in a group, lasting 50 min each session.	There were no statistically significant differences for cognitive outcomes
Petra Pohl, Ewa Wressle, Fredrik Lundin, Paul Enthoven and Nil Dizdar	2020	To evaluate a group musical intervention in patients with PD.	Forty-six participants aged eighteen years, with PD at stages I to III on the Hoehn and Yahr scale. Twenty-six in the intervention group .	Two sessions per week, for 12 weeks, in group, lasting 1 h each session.	There were no statistically significant differences for cognitive outcomes.
Petra Pohl, Nil Dizdar, and Eva Hallert	2013	To evaluate the feasibility of the Intervention “The Ronnie Gardiner Rhythm and Musi Method”.	Eighteen participants diagnosed with PD. Twelve in the intervention group.	Two sessions per week, for 6 weeks, in a group, lasting 1 h each session	There were statistically significant differences for learning and episodic memory, language and inhibitory control.

	Tests used	Evaluated outcomes	P -value ^* * Values referring to time x group interaction
Kim and Park (2021)Kim, S. J., & Park, J. K. (2021). Dual-task-based drum playing with rhythmic cueing on motor and attention control in patients with parkinson's disease: a preliminary randomized study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health , 18 (19), 10095. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910095 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910095...	Korean Trail Making Test A (K-TMT-e_A)	Attention and processing speed	0.786
	Korean Trail Making Test B (K-TMT-e_B)	Cognitive flexibility	0.903
	Korean Stroop Test Word reading Time (KST_WR_Time)	Inhibitory control	0.808
	Korean Stroop Test Color Reading Time (KST_CR_Time)	Inhibitory control	0.100
Pohl et al. (2020)Pohl, P., Wressle, E., Lundin, F., Enthoven, P., & Dizdar, N. (2020). Group-based music intervention in Parkinson's disease – Findings from a mixed-methods study. Clinical Rehabilitation , 34 (4), 533–544. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269215520907669 https://doi.org/10.1177/0269215520907669...	Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA)	Global cognitive function	0.347
	Text Immediate Recall	Immediate recall	0.126
	Text Delayed Recall	Delayed recall	0.643
	Stroop Color Word Test (s)	Inhibitory control	0.848
	Symbol Digit Modalities Test (no)	Attention and processing speed	0.064
Pohl et al. (2013)Pohl, P., Dizdar, N., & Hallert, E. (2013). The Ronnie Gardiner rhythm and music method-a feasibility study in Parkinson's disease. Disability and Rehabilitation , 35 (26), 2197–2204. https://doi.org/10.3109/09638288.2013.774060 https://doi.org/10.3109/09638288.2013.77...	Text Recall Test	Learning and episodic memory	0.036
	Symbol Digit Modalities Test (no)	Attention and processing speed	0.753
	Clox and Cube	Visuospatial functions	0.287
	Naming 30 items	Language	0.033
	Stroop Color Word Test (s)	Inhibitory control	0.007
	Parallel Serial Mental Operations (PaSMO)	Executive functions	0.054

Curso de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600 - sala 110, 90035-003 Porto Alegre RS - Brazil, Tel.: +55 51 3308-5691 - Porto Alegre - RS - Brazil
E-mail: prc@springeropen.com

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[1] * Correspondence: Amer Cavalheiro Hamdan, amerc.hamdan@gmail.com