Psychometric properties of a Saudi Arabian version of the Positive Mental Health (PMH) scale

Almubaddel, Abdulmohsen

doi:10.1186/s41155-022-00232-0

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Research • Psicol. Reflex. Crit. 35 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1186/s41155-022-00232-0 copy

Psychometric properties of a Saudi Arabian version of the Positive Mental Health (PMH) scale

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The Positive Mental Health (PMH) scale has been shown to be a reliable and valid tool for assessing positive mental health and well-being in different languages and cultures. However, the PMH scale has not yet been translated into Arabic and validated for the Saudi Arabian population. Therefore, the current study aimed to translate the English version of the PMH scale into Arabic for the Saudi Arabian context and validate the translated scale. A total of 1148 adult participants from Saudi public universities took part in the study. Based on exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses in different subsamples, the results of the current study revealed that the unifactorial model satisfactorily fits the data. Additionally, the Arabic version of the PMH scale demonstrated sufficient levels of reliability and had a high negative correlation with the Beck Depression Inventory-II, indicating convergent validity. Taken together, the findings of the current study suggest that the Arabic version of the PMH scale has appropriate levels of validity and reliability for the Saudi Arabian population.

Keywords:
Positive mental health; Positive psychology; Validity; Reliability; Well-being; Scale validation; Happiness; Arabic; Factor analyses; Beck depression

		n	(%)
Gender		Frequencies
	Male	514	(44.8)
	Female	634	(55.2)
	Total	1148	(100)
Region
	Western region	294	(25.6)
	Central region	461	(40.1)
	Eastern region	87	(7.6)
	Northern region	180	(15.7)
	Southern region	126	(11.0)
	Total	1148	(100)
Occupation
	Student	598	(52.1)
	Faculty member	478	(41.6)
	Employee	72	(6.3)
	Total	1148	(100)

PMH scale items		Mean	Std. deviation	Skewness	Kurtosis	Item-total correlation
PMH scale (total score)		17.75	4.64	-0.35	0.58
1	I am often carefree and in good spirits	1.85	0.76	-0.60	0.31	0.60
2	I enjoy my life	1.92	0.73	-0.51	0.29	0.65
3	All in all, I am satisfied with my life	2.01	0.76	-0.61	0.28	0.67
4	In general, I am confident	2.06	0.72	-0.55	0.38	0.63
5	I manage well to fulfill my needs	2.16	0.61	-0.35	0.67	0.47
6	I am in good physical and emotional condition	1.76	0.81	-0.32	-0.31	0.62
7	I feel that I am actually well equipped to deal with life and its difficulties	2.01	0.76	-0.66	0.44	0.60
8	Much of what I do brings me joy	1.91	0.73	-0.29	-0.17	0.61
9	I am a calm, balanced human being	2.07	0.73	-0.61	0.44	0.42

PMH scale items			Item factor loadings
			EFA subsample	Male	Female
			n = 579	n = 248	n = 331
Bartlett's test values			1895.35	867.31	1046.78
KMO measures			0.89	0.88	0.89
	1	I am often carefree and in good spirits	0.70	0.68	0.71
	2	I enjoy my life	0.75	0.74	0.75
	3	All in all, I am satisfied with my life	0.77	0.74	0.79
	4	In general, I am confident	0.73	0.77	0.70
	5	I manage well to fulfill my needs	0.58	0.65	0.53
	6	I am in good physical and emotional condition	0.71	0.70	0.72
		I feel that I am actually well equipped to deal with life and its difficulties	0.70	0.70	0.70
	8	Much of what I do brings me joy	0.71	0.71	0.72
	9	I am a calm, balanced human being	0.52	0.59	0.47
Eigenvalue			4.33	4.45	4.25
Total variance explained (%)			48.17	49.54	47.21

CFA subsample		CMIN/DF	NFI	CFI	TLI	IFI	RMR	RMSEA
All (n = 569)	Without correlated errors	5.56	0.92	0.93	0.91	0.92	0.2	0.09
All (n = 569)	With correlated errors	4.30	0.94	0.95	0.93	0.95	0.02	0.07
Male (n = 266)	Without correlated errors	2.37	0.93	0.96	0.95	0.96	0.01	0.07
Female (n = 303)	Without correlated errors	4.99	0.85	0.87	0.83	0.88	0.03	0.11
Female (n = 303)	With correlated errors	2.76	0.92	0.95	0.92	0.95	0.02	0.07

Model	CMIN	DF	CMIN/DF	TLI	CFI	RMSEA (90% CI)	ΔCFI
Configural invariance	158.29	52	3.04	0.92	0.94	0.06 (0.049, 0.071)
Metric invariance	164.181	60	2.73	0.93	0.94	0.05 (0.045, 0.066)	0.001
Scalar invariance	165.836	61	2.71	0.93	0.95	0.05 (0.045, 0.065)	0.001

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[1] *Correspondence: abdlmhsn@ksu.edu.sa