The reliability and validity of the Temptations to Try Smoking Scale in a group of Chinese adolescents

Xie, Weishi; Wang, Linya; Liu, Difei

doi:10.1186/s41155-023-00271-1

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Research • Psicol. Reflex. Crit. 36 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1186/s41155-023-00271-1 copy

The reliability and validity of the Temptations to Try Smoking Scale in a group of Chinese adolescents

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Objective

To provide a scientifc tool, the Temptations to Try Smoking Scale (TTSS) is introduced to evaluate its reliability and validity in preventing and intervening Chinese adolescents from smoking temptations.

Methods

A questionnaire, including the TTSS, the Chinese version of the Decisional Balance Scale (CDBS), the Adolescent Smoking Curiosity Scale (ASCOS), and the Sensation-Seeking Scale (SSS), is used to test 1195 Chinese adolescent volunteers (214 of them are retested after 1 month). If all six items in the TTSS are retained, the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) reveals that the TTSS exhibits a structure of two factors: positive social and curiosity/stress.

Results

The confrmatory factor analysis (CFA) shows that the two-factor model of the TTSS has the ftting indices χ²/df = 2.35, RMSEA = 0.06, and CFI = 0.99, which are better than those of its single-factor model. The total scores of the TTSS, positive social, and curiosity/stress are positively correlated with the scores of Pros, ASCOS, TAS, and Dis of SSS but negatively correlated with the Cons, hereby exhibiting good criterion-related validity. The internal consistency coefcient of the TTSS is 0.89, and the retest reliability is 0.90.

Conclusion

Therefore, the TTSS has good reliability and validity for Chinese adolescents and can be used as an efective tool to evaluate adolescents’ smoking temptations in China.

Keywords
Temptations to Try Smoking Scale (TTSS); Reliability; Validity; Adolescents

Item	Positive social	Curiosity/stress	Communality	M	SD	Skewness	Kurtosis	Item-total correlation
TTSS				8.85	3.66	2.48	3.55
1. While talking to my friends	0.91		0.85	1.30	0.67	3.24	4.50	0.78^* ***** Means P < 0.001, which is the same for the following items
2. When I am having a good time	0.87		0.76	1.42	0.73	2.13	3.66	0.77^* ***** Means P < 0.001, which is the same for the following items
3. When I want to be part of the crowd	0.82		0.79	1.44	0.76	2.26	3.29	0.79^* ***** Means P < 0.001, which is the same for the following items
4. When others are talking about how much they like smoking		0.89	0.86	1.43	0.78	2.15	2.94	0.84^* ***** Means P < 0.001, which is the same for the following items
5. When I am stressed		0.84	0.80	1.58	0.82	1.57	1.25	0.84^* ***** Means P < 0.001, which is the same for the following items
6. When I want to know how a cigarette tastes		0.82	0.87	1.46	0.80	1.79	1.70	0.80^* ***** Means P < 0.001, which is the same for the following items
Eigenvalue	3.88	1.05
Contribution		82.19%

Model	χ ²	df	χ²/df	RMR	CFI	GFI	TLI	IFI	RMSEA
Two factor	14.11	6	2.35	0.02	0.99	0.97	0.98	0.98	0.06
Single factor	56.89	9	6.32	0.07	0.85	0.85	0.69	0.86	0.13

	TTSS	Positive social	Curiosity/stress	Pros	Cons	ASCOS	TAS	Dis
TTSS	1
Positive social	0.87^* ***** Means P < 0.001	1
Curiosity/stress	0.90^* ***** Means P < 0.001	0.58^* ***** Means P < 0.001	1
Pros	0.42^* ***** Means P < 0.001	0.39^* ***** Means P < 0.001	0.36^* ***** Means P < 0.001	1
Cons	–0.35^* ***** Means P < 0.001	–0.29^* ***** Means P < 0.001	–0.33^* ***** Means P < 0.001	–0.22^* ***** Means P < 0.001	1
ASCOS	0.37^* ***** Means P < 0.001	0.26^* ***** Means P < 0.001	0.39^* ***** Means P < 0.001	0.23^* ***** Means P < 0.001	–0.22^* ***** Means P < 0.001	1
TAS	0.24^* ***** Means P < 0.001	0.16^* ***** Means P < 0.001	0.27^* ***** Means P < 0.001	0.23^* ***** Means P < 0.001	–0.15^* ***** Means P < 0.001	0.25^* ***** Means P < 0.001	1
Dis	0.46^* ***** Means P < 0.001	0.34^* ***** Means P < 0.001	0.26^* ***** Means P < 0.001	0.32^* ***** Means P < 0.001	–0.22^* ***** Means P < 0.001	0.29^* ***** Means P < 0.001	0.46^* ***** Means P < 0.001	1

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[1] *Correspondence: Weishi Xie xieweishi@hfnu.edu.cn

	TTSS	Positive social	Curiosity/stress	Pros	Cons	ASCOS	TAS	Dis
TTSS	1
Positive social	0.87^* ***** Means P < 0.001	1
Curiosity/stress	0.90^* ***** Means P < 0.001	0.58^* ***** Means P < 0.001	1
Pros	0.42^* ***** Means P < 0.001	0.39^* ***** Means P < 0.001	0.36^* ***** Means P < 0.001	1
Cons	–0.35^* ***** Means P < 0.001	–0.29^* ***** Means P < 0.001	–0.33^* ***** Means P < 0.001	–0.22^* ***** Means P < 0.001	1
ASCOS	0.37^* ***** Means P < 0.001	0.26^* ***** Means P < 0.001	0.39^* ***** Means P < 0.001	0.23^* ***** Means P < 0.001	–0.22^* ***** Means P < 0.001	1
TAS	0.24^* ***** Means P < 0.001	0.16^* ***** Means P < 0.001	0.27^* ***** Means P < 0.001	0.23^* ***** Means P < 0.001	–0.15^* ***** Means P < 0.001	0.25^* ***** Means P < 0.001	1
Dis	0.46^* ***** Means P < 0.001	0.34^* ***** Means P < 0.001	0.26^* ***** Means P < 0.001	0.32^* ***** Means P < 0.001	–0.22^* ***** Means P < 0.001	0.29^* ***** Means P < 0.001	0.46^* ***** Means P < 0.001	1