Dimoff et al. (2016)Dimoff, J. K., Kelloway, E. K., & Burnstein, M. D. (2016). Mental health awareness training (MHAT): The development and evaluation of an intervention for workplace leaders. International Journal of Stress Management, 23 (2), 167–189. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0039479 https://doi.org/10.1037/a0039479...
|
Canada |
Managers and supervisors in universities and telecommunications companies ( N = 420) |
Public and private sector Higher education and telecommunications |
Randomized controlled clinical trial design |
Intervention with a session length of 3 h. The training program is configured for the mental health literacy of organizational leaders, with a sequence of early identification and recognition, early engagement or action, and assessment, planning, and monitoring |
Seeks to increase the mental health literacy of organizational leaders in terms of improving knowledge and attitudes towards mental health and fostering self-efficacy and intention to promote mental health at work |
The intervention had a direct effect on knowledge and selfefficacy but indirect effects on attitudes and intentions. Also, the program led to a reduction in the duration of short-term disability claims |
Relatively small sample size in both studies. The results, are based only on data from two organizations and there is a need to replicate these findings in a variety of organizational contexts |
Dobson et al. (2021)Dobson, K. S., Markova, V., Wen, A., & Smith, L. M. (2021). Effects of the Antistigma Workplace Intervention “Working Mind” in a Canadian Health-Care Setting: A Cluster-Randomized Trial of Immediate Versus Delayed Implementation. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 66 (5), 495–502. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743720961738 https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743720961738...
|
Canada |
Office, kitchen, and health area maintenance staff ( N = 123) |
Public sector |
Cluster randomized design, with pretest, post-test, and 3-month follow-up in 2 implementation groups in 4 workplaces |
The intervention has a duration of 3 months. This is the Working Mind Program designed to reduce mental health stigmatization in the workplace |
It seeks to reduce stigmatizing attitudes towards mental disorders, improve resilience and promote mental health in the workplace |
Qualitative data provided additional evidence of program benefits in participants. The program effectively decreased mental health stigma and increased selfreported resilience and coping skills at pre and postassessment in both groups. The effects of the program were sustained through the 3-month followup |
The cluster randomization yielded groups that were not equivalent at baseline. The moderate attrition at the presurvey time point in the delayed group and at the time of follow-up assessment in the immediate group. Future program evaluations should consider longer follow-up intervals |
Gould et al. (2007)Gould, M., Greenberg, N., & Hetherton, J. (2007). Stigma and the military: Evaluation of a PTSD psychoeducational program. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 20 (4), 505–515. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.20233 https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.20233...
|
United Kingdom |
Active military personnel ( N = 124) |
Public sector Military context in the UK Royal Navy |
Quasi-experimental pre-and post-test design |
The intervention is called TRiM, that is, Trauma Risk Management, and it is a psychoeducational management strategy (based on peer groups). It is based on a didactic and role-playing strategy. Intervention with a duration of 2.5 days |
It seeks to modify negative attitudes towards people with PTSD and stress and increase supportive behaviors in the face of possible risk situations |
It improved attitudes towards people with post-traumatic stress and seeking support from trained personnel. However, there was no significant effect on changing attitudes toward seeking help from normal support networks in the military and general health |
The generalizability is a major limitation of the study because the military is a unique organization. A further limitation is that this was a brief longitudinal study. Self-report questionnaires were used and it is possible that initial positive attitudes occurred because of participants providing socially desirable responses |
Griffiths et al. (2016)Griffiths, K. M., Bennett, K., Walker, J., Goldsmid, S., & Bennett, A. (2016). Effectiveness of MH-Guru, a brief online mental health program for the workplace: A randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions, 6 , 29–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2016.09.004 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2016.09...
|
Australia |
Officials of a multidepartmental government organization ( N = 507) |
Public sector Government organizations |
Randomized controlled clinical trial design, with baseline, postintervention, and six-month follow-up outcome measures |
It is a two-module online induction program (MH-Guru) on mental health at work, focusing on depression and anxiety. It uses a simple, interactive multimedia format that contains graphics and exercises in the program. The intervention lasts two weeks |
It seeks to increase anxiety and depression literacy, decrease negative attitudes to these conditions, provide counseling to supervisors and colleagues to help co-workers with mental health problems, and promote help-seeking |
A brief online educational program effectively reduced stigma and improved mental health literacy among the staff of different seniority positions and work settings. In turn, the program was well accepted by the trainees |
The study attrition at 6-months. Other limitations were the failure to separate out information and treatment help seeking outcomes and the absence of a measure of treatment help-seeking behaviour for the 6-month period prior to the final follow-up. The design involved randomization at the individual rather than departmental level. The study it focused on one type of organization |
Hamann et al. (2016)Hamann, J., Mendel, R., Reichhart, T., Rummel-Kluge, C., & Kissling, W. (2016). A “Mental-Health-at-the-Workplace” educational workshop reduces managers’ stigma toward depression. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 204 (1), 61–63. https://doi.org/10.1097/NMD.0000000000000423 https://doi.org/10.1097/NMD.000000000000...
|
Germany |
Managers or members of the human resources department ( N = 580) from different organizations |
Private sector The business environment in the HR area of several companies focuses on the management level |
Pre-experimental design (Pre- and post-test design) |
Workshop modality, highly standardized and manualized workshop format, integrating didactic lectures, small group activities (role-playing), and showing the experience of workers with depression. Intervention duration of 1 or 1.5-day seminar |
Seeks to reduce stigma towards people with depression by bosses and managers |
Stigma towards depression was significantly reduced, and managers’ knowledge of mental disorders and how they manifest themselves at work was improved |
Participants may not be representative for managers. The design was pre-post and therefore lack a control group. Short-term results were obtained and cannot predict whether the effects observed will last for longer or translate into practice |
Hanisch et al. (2017)Hanisch, S. E., Birner, U. W., Oberhauser, C., Nowak, D., & Sabariego, C. (2017). Development and Evaluation of Digital Game-Based Training for Managers to Promote Employee Mental Health and Reduce Mental Illness Stigma at Work: Quasi-Experimental Study of Program Effectiveness. JMIR Mental Health, 4 (3), e31. https://doi.org/10.2196/mental.7600 https://doi.org/10.2196/mental.7600...
|
United Kingdom |
Managers or directors of a multinational company ( N = 48) |
Private sector Multinational business environment |
Pre-experimental design (pre-posttest design with a 3-month follow-up for training evaluation) |
Leadership Training in Mental Health Promotion (LMHP) is a digital gamebased training program for leaders. The training is a single session, lasting 1.5 to 2 h |
Seeks to promote employees’ mental health and reduce the stigma regarding mental problems at work |
A positive impact was found on mental health knowledge, attitudes toward people with mental health problems, and selfefficacy to deal with mental health situations; the exception was the intention to promote employees’ mental health, which was initially already high |
The study lacked a control group due to formal restrictions of the participating site. To measure knowledge, a quiz was developed which was not validated. Participants might have been presensitized as a result of stigma reduction efforts that have been going on in the UK |
Hossain et al. (2009)Hossain, D., Gorman, D., & Eley, R. (2009). Enhancing the Knowledge and Skills of Advisory and Extension Agents in Mental Health Issues of Farmers. Australasian Psychiatry, 17 (1_suppl), S116-S120. https://doi.org/10.1080/10398560902948365 https://doi.org/10.1080/1039856090294836...
|
Australia |
Extension agents and advisors (EAAs) who have frequent contact with farmers may manifest mental health problems ( N = 32) |
Private sector Agricultural activity sector |
Pre-experimental design (Pre- and post-test design) |
The MHFA, or Mental Health First Aid, was applied as a knowledge and skills training modality. This intervention promotes the recognition of mental health risk behaviors in users. There is no report of session duration |
It seeks to increase the skills and knowledge of agents in recognizing symptoms of mental disorders to provide initial help and offer guidance |
An improvement in the ability to recognize a mental disorder was obtained, as well as an increase in the participants’ confidence to help people with mental health problems and a decrease in social distance. Finally, positive beliefs about treatment increased |
The design was prepost and therefore lack a control group. This study has limitations in its ability to identify the use and impact of training. It is recommended further studies be carried out to evaluate the impact of training on the mental health and wellbeing |
Jensen et al. (2016)Jensen, K. B., Morthorst, B. R., Vendsborg, P. B., Hjorthøj, C., & Nordentoft, M. (2016). Effectiveness of Mental Health First Aid training in Denmark: A randomized trial in waitlist design. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 51 (4), 597–606. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-016-1176-9 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-016-1176-...
|
Denmark |
Workers from various organizations ( N = 566) |
Private, public, and NGO sectors Public, private, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) |
Randomized controlled clinical trial design, with a waiting list control group |
The MHFA or Mental Health First Aid was applied. The intervention was based on exercises, knowledge presentations, and discussions. The course lasted two days with 12 h of training |
Seeks to improve confidence in helping people with a mental disorder, enhancing the knowledge and ability to recognize mental disorders, and increasing positive attitudes towards these people |
A significant difference was found between trained employees in the intervention group compared to the control group at a 6-month follow-up on elements of confidence in contacting, talking to, and providing help to people suffering from mental health problems. Participants improved in knowledge and ability to recognize schizophrenia. However, changes in attitudes were limited |
The higher attrition rate among participants in the intervention group compared to the control group, a tendency too in other studies of the effect of MHFA training. The trial also implied a risk of contamination between the two groups (e.g., workplace cross-groups). The limited focus on helping-behaviour in the questionnaire |
Jorm et al. (2010)Jorm, A. F., Kitchener, B. A., Sawyer, M. G., Scales, H., & Cvetkovski, S. (2010). Mental health first aid training for high school teachers: a cluster randomized trial. BMC Psychiatry, 10 (51). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244x-10-51 https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244x-10-51...
|
South Africa |
School teachers ( N = 423) |
Public and private sector School context |
Randomized controlled clinical trial design |
The intervention is based on the MHFA or Mental Health First Aid. The first part focused on mental health knowledge, and the second part was on skills development. One or two-day session, 7 h long |
It seeks to increase knowledge on depression, suicide, and anxiety disorders, decrease stigmatizing attitudes and increase confidence in providing help to those who present these problems |
Mental health knowledge increased, beliefs about treatment changed, some aspects of stigma were reduced, and confidence in providing help to students and colleagues increased. Much of the changes found were maintained six months after the training |
This effectiveness trial carried out under reallife rather than optimal conditions. The pre-test assessment had to be carried out after group assignment. Two schools withdrew from the project because changed circumstances did not allow them to conduct the training as planned |
Knifton et al. (2009)Knifton, L., Walker, A., & Quinn, N. (2009). Workplace interventions can reduce stigma. Journal of Public Mental Health, 7 (4), 40–50. https://doi.org/10.1108/17465729200800028 https://doi.org/10.1108/1746572920080002...
|
United Kingdom |
Workers in contact with people experiencing mental health problems ( N = 137) |
It is not clear whether the organizations belong to the private or public sector Benefits, housing, employment, voluntary sector agencies |
Pre-experimental design (Pre- and post-test design) |
Workshop modality employs service user narratives, experiential group learning, and didactic teaching approaches. The workshop duration was 6 h |
It seeks to promote positive attitudes, challenging negative stereotypes towards mental health problems and generating a positive behavioral intention in the target audience |
There was a significant improvement in participants’ knowledge of mental health problems. Prejudices regarding unpredictability and recovery in people with mental disorders were significantly modified, but dangerousness did not change. Social distance significantly improved only in relation to “moderate” social contact |
There was no control group, so quantitative results cannot be compared with a non-intervention group. The sample size within this study was quite modest (137, 63 post-data) and in particular had a smaller number of males |
Krameddine et al. (2013)Krameddine, Y. I., DeMarco, D., Hassel, R., & Silverstone, P. H. (2013). A Novel Training Program for Police Officers that Improves Interactions with Mentally Ill Individuals and is Cost-Effective. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 4 (9). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00009 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00009...
|
Canada |
Police officers ( N = 663) |
Public sector Police and law enforcement providers |
Pre-experimental design (Pre- and post-test design) |
Trained using carefully protocolized role-play with actors in 6 real situations. Intervention of 1-day duration |
It seeks to improve interactions with those with a mental disorder by increasing empathy, communication skills, and ability to handle potentially difficult situations |
There were changes in attitudes toward people with mental disorders and significant improvements in both directly and indirectly, measured behaviors |
The design was prepost and therefore lack a control group. Anonymous selfreport measures of attitudes and supervisor surveys were used, and no interviews were conducted |
Kubo et al. (2018)Kubo, H., Urata, H., Katsuki, R., Hirashima, M., Ueno, S., Suzuki, Y., … Kato, T. A. (2018). Development of MHFA-based 2-h educational program for early intervention in depression among office workers: A single-arm pilot trial. PLOS ONE, 13 (12), e0208114. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0208114 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.020...
|
Japan |
Workers in a manufacturing company ( N = 91) |
Private sector Industrial manufacturing sector |
Pre-experimental design (Pre- and post-test design) |
It consists of a training program based on MHFA or Mental Health First Aid, following the basic principles of this international intervention. The program is 12 h long, 2 h each day |
It seeks to generate changes in confidence and practical skills to support early depression and prevent suicide, as well as to reduce stigma towards mental health problems |
The program had a positive impact on promoting support for co-workers with mental health problems |
The design was prepost and therefore lack a control group. Evaluation using self-rated questionnaire and short-term follow up period were other limitations of the study |
Lunasco et al. (2010)Lunasco, T. K., Goodwin, E. A., Ozanian, A. J., & Loflin, E. M. (2010). One Shot-One Kill: A Culturally Sensitive Program for the Warrior Culture. Military Medicine, 175 (7), 509–513. https://doi.org/10.7205/milmed-d-09-00182 https://doi.org/10.7205/milmed-d-09-0018...
|
United States |
Military ( N = 320) |
Public sector Military. The training was done in military operations |
Pre-experimental design (Pre- and post-test design) |
Uses the One Shot—One Kill (OS-OK), a culturally sensitive mental health prevention program. Intervention duration in a 2-day, 4-h format |
It seeks to reduce stigma and improve help-seeking behaviors in a “culture of war” context |
Positive responses were observed, demonstrating that the intervention program is culturally sound, increasing help-seeking among military members |
The design was prepost and therefore lack a control group. Although data were collected regarding soldiers’ perceptions of their mastery of skills across healthrelated areas, this data was not included in the study |
Moffitt et al. (2014)Moffitt, J., Bostock, J., & Cave, A. (2014). Promoting well-being and reducing stigma about mental health in the fire service. Journal of Public Mental Health, 13 (2), 103–113. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPMH-02-2013-0004 https://doi.org/10.1108/JPMH-02-2013-000...
|
United Kingdom |
Firefighters ( N = 176) |
Public sector Public protection services |
Randomized controlled clinical trial design |
Fire department line managers were randomly assigned to 3 training conditions: LWW (a program aimed at promoting wellness and awareness of mental health problems), MHFA (Mental Health First Aid, a protocolized international training program), or LS (a purely educational control condition). Duration LWW and MHFA 2 days and LS 1 h |
Seeks to promote wellness and reduce mental health stigma |
LWW and MHFA courses were associated with statistically significant improvements in attitudes toward mental disorders and knowledge/ self-efficacy around mental health |
The quantitative evaluation is limited, as one of the questionnaires had untested psychometric properties. The control condition was limited as it was only offered for one hour, making comparison with two-day training problematic. It may have been possible to conduct a more in-depth qualitative analysis with a smaller number of participants |
Moll et al. (2015)Moll, S., Patten, S. B., Stuart, H., Kirsh, B., & MacDermid, J. C. (2015). Beyond silence: protocol for a randomized parallel-group trial comparing two approaches to workplace mental health education for healthcare employees. BMC Medical Education, 15 (1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-015-0363-9 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-015-0363-...
|
Canada |
Health officials ( N = 200) |
Public sector Health organizations |
Randomized controlled clinical trial design |
Two intervention modalities were compared: Beyond Silence, a peer-led program tailored to the healthcare workplace, and Mental Health First Aid (MHFA), a standardized literacy-based training program. Both interventions had a duration of 12 h of training |
It seeks to increase mental health literacy, reduce stigmatized beliefs, and increase helpseeking behaviors or the helpfulness of healthcare employees toward people with mental disorders |
Changes in knowledge, attitudes toward mental disorders, and help-seeking and help-giving behavior were observed, although the study will continue, as this was an initial report |
Although the research questions are analyzed through a clinical trial, a mixed methods approach can be particularly important for understanding program implementation. The results cannot be generalized on a larger scale to other workplaces |
Moll et al., (2018aMoll, S. E., Patten, S., Stuart, H., MacDermid, J. C., & Kirsh, B. (2018a). Beyond Silence: A Randomized, Parallel-Group Trial Exploring the Impact of Workplace Mental Health Literacy Training with Healthcare Employees. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 63 (12), 826–833. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743718766051 https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743718766051...
, 2018bMoll, S. E., VandenBussche, J., Brooks, K., Kirsh, B., Stuart, H., Patten, S., & MacDermid, J. C. (2018b). Workplace Mental Health Training in Health Care: Key Ingredients of Implementation. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 63 (12), 834–841. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743718762100 https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743718762100...
) |
Canada |
Health officials ( N = 192) |
Public sector. Health organizations |
Randomized controlled clinical trial design |
Two intervention modalities were compared: Beyond Silence, a contactbased workplace education program, and Mental Health First Aid (MHFA), a standard mental health literacy training program. Both interventions had a duration of 12 h of training |
Seeks to promote mental health literacy to promote early intervention and support for health officials with mental health problems |
Neither program led to significant increases in helpseeking or disclosure behaviors. Both programs increased mental health literacy, improved attitudes toward seeking treatment, and decreased stigmatizing beliefs, with more sustained changes in Beyond Silence with respect to the most prominent stigmatizing beliefs |
The study was conducted with hospital employees in one geographic region of Ontario. Participants in the study were volunteers, so they may be more open and receptive to the educational programs. Research is needed to explore whether the findings are replicated in smaller organizations in rural settings in other jurisdictions |
Moll et al., (2018aMoll, S. E., Patten, S., Stuart, H., MacDermid, J. C., & Kirsh, B. (2018a). Beyond Silence: A Randomized, Parallel-Group Trial Exploring the Impact of Workplace Mental Health Literacy Training with Healthcare Employees. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 63 (12), 826–833. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743718766051 https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743718766051...
, 2018bMoll, S. E., VandenBussche, J., Brooks, K., Kirsh, B., Stuart, H., Patten, S., & MacDermid, J. C. (2018b). Workplace Mental Health Training in Health Care: Key Ingredients of Implementation. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 63 (12), 834–841. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743718762100 https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743718762100...
) |
Canada |
Health officials ( N = 182) |
Public sector Health organizations |
Randomized controlled clinical trial design |
The interventions Beyond Silence, a contact-based on-the-job training program, and Mental Health First Aid (MHFA), a standard mental health literacy program, were compared. Both interventions had a duration of 12 h of training |
Seeks to promote mental health education in the workplace for health care workers |
Five common key strengths of the programs were: contact-based educational approach, information tailored to the work context, varied stakeholder perspectives, sufficient time to integrate and apply to learn, and organizational support. Beyond Silence outperforms the first three |
Generalizability is limited by the small sample of participants who were likely the early adopters and motivated to participate in workplace mental health training. The study was restricted to a 1 medium and 1 large hospital in the same urban center |
Nishiuchi et al. (2007)Nishiuchi, K., Tsutsumi, A., Takao, S., Mineyama, S., & Kawakami, N. (2007). Effects of an Education Program for Stress Reduction on Supervisor Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behavior in the Workplace: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Occupational Health, 49 (3), 190–198. https://doi.org/10.1539/joh.49.190 https://doi.org/10.1539/joh.49.190...
|
Japan |
Supervisors of a traditional sake beer brewer ( N = 46) |
Private sector Sake brewery industrial area |
Randomized controlled clinical trial design |
The education program includes guidelines for promoting worker mental health in the intervention group. In terms of duration, it was a single-session intervention |
Seeks to determine whether a stress reduction education program influences supervisors’ knowledge, attitudes (stigma), and behavior for stress management |
The supervisor's knowledge and behavior in managing stress in the workplace were improved for at least six months. Stigmatizing attitudes were also reduced |
Lack of the process evaluation is a limitation. The study was conducted within a single workplace, and therefore our study population was not sufficiently representative of all supervisors across occupations. A six- month follow-up alone cannot determine the educational effect |
Oakie et al. (2018)Oakie, T., Smith, N. A., Dimoff, J. K., & Kelloway, E. K. (2018). Co-worker health awareness training: An evaluation. Journal of Applied Biobehavioral Research, 23 (4), e12148. https://doi.org/10.1111/jabr.12148 https://doi.org/10.1111/jabr.12148...
|
Canada |
Workers from the same organization ( N = 40) |
Sector not identified Unidentified organizational scope |
Quasi-experimental pre-and post-test design |
The Peer Health Awareness Training (CHAT) program was implemented, complementary to the Mental Health Awareness Training (MHAT) program. CHAT is based on providing information about mental health and promoting awareness through coping techniques. The duration of the intervention was 2 h |
It seeks to influence variables such as knowledge, stigma, self-efficacy to recognize and address mental health problems, intention to promote good mental health, and willingness to use resources |
Employees trained with CHAT showed increased knowledge, self-efficacy, mental health promotion, and willingness to use resources. However, this was not replicated in the case of stigma reduction, where there were no significant differences |
The small sample size was a significant challenge and reduced the statistical power of the analyses. All of the measures used were self-report. Another limitation is the lesser control of the quasi-experimental design |
Quinn et al. (2011)Quinn, N., Smith, M., Fleming, S., Shulman, A., & Knifton, L. (2011). Self and Others: The Differential Impact of an Anti-stigma Programme. Stigma Research and Action, 1 , 36–43. https://doi.org/10.5463/SRA.v1i1.20 https://doi.org/10.5463/SRA.v1i1.20...
|
United Kingdom |
Employees of public and private organizations ( N = 87) |
Private and public sectors Construction and telecommunications associations sector |
Pre-experimental design (Pre- and post-test design) |
Characterized by service user narratives, group experiential learning, and didactic teaching approaches. Intervention of 9 sessions of one day each |
It seeks to promote positive attitudes and challenge negative stereotypes about mental health problems, creating a positive behavioral intention in the target audience |
A reduction in stigma toward people with mental health problems was determined. People saw themselves as less stigmatizing compared to other people |
The sample was opportunistic and there was no comparison group. The study was modest in size and did not include a follow-up period. The questionnaire used in the evaluation was not a standardized instrument. There was a lack of qualitative data to understand the changes |
Reavley et al. (2018)Reavley, N. J., Morgan, A. J., Fischer, J.-A., Kitchener, B., Bovopoulos, N., & Jorm, A. F. (2018). Effectiveness of eLearning and blended modes of delivery of Mental Health First Aid training in the workplace: randomised controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry, 18 (1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-018-1888-3 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-018-1888-...
|
Australia |
State civil servants ( N = 608) |
Public sector Government organizations |
Randomized controlled clinical trial design |
The MHFA (Mental Health First Aid) program was applied in e-learning or mixed modality (face-to-face and e-learning), incorporating a series of interactive and didactic resources. The intervention lasted 10 h, six online and four face-to-face |
Look for changes in knowledge, stigmatizing attitudes, confidence to provide support, and intention to support a person with depression or post-traumatic stress disorder |
The compared interventions had positive effects on the outcome variables. In turn, the mixed MHFA intervention was slightly more effective than MHFA e-learning in improving knowledge and stigmatizing attitudes |
The larger than expected attrition and consequent lack of power to assess differences between the two modes of MHFA delivery. An additional limitation is the fact that intentions may not translate into actual behaviors |
Shann et al. (2019)Shann, C., Martin, A., Chester, A., & Ruddock, S. (2019). Effectiveness and application of an online leadership intervention to promote mental health and reduce depression-related stigma in organizations. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 24 (1), 20–35. https://doi.org/10.1037/ocp0000110 https://doi.org/10.1037/ocp0000110...
|
Australia |
Leaders of organizations ( N = 196) |
Sectors not reported Organizations from different sectors of activity |
Field randomized controlled clinical trial design |
This is a brief online workplace mental health intervention aimed at leaders. No information is presented on the duration of the intervention |
It seeks to reduce the stigma related to depression in the leaders of an organization, as well as to identify key factors in the transfer of learning |
Results revealed significant reductions in stigma toward behavioral and affective components of depression among leaders who completed the intervention. Attitudes and knowledge are insufficient to ensure the transfer of learning, with factors such as work environment, collective willingness, organizational capacity to solve problems, attitudes of others at work, and the broader political context playing an important role |
Factors including the nature of the work environment, the collective readiness and capability of the organization to address these issues, the attitudes of others at work, and the broader political context affected the application of learning from the intervention. Another limitation is the specificity of the sample of workers (only leaders of organizations) |
Svensson and Hansson (2014)Svensson, B., & Hansson, L. (2014). Effectiveness of Mental Health First Aid Training in Sweden. A Randomized Controlled Trial with a Six-Month and Two-Year Follow-Up. PLoS ONE, 9 (6), e100911. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0100911 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.010...
|
Sweden |
Staff of social security offices, employment agencies, social services, schools, police departments, correctional treatment units, rescue services, and recreation centers ( N = 561) |
Public sector Public sector organizations, public administration |
Randomized controlled clinical trial design, with two follow-up times |
It measures the effectiveness of the MHFA (Mental Health First Aid) program. Intervention with a duration of 20 h, distributed in 2 days |
It seeks to increase awareness of mental disorders and supportive behavior and improve attitudes toward these people |
Both knowledge and confidence in providing help to someone in need improved. At the two-year follow-up, the improvements were sustained |
The sample is not representative of the general public. The majorities of the participants had a high level of education and were women and generalizations must be made with caution. The attrition rate between baseline and six months follow-up was rather high |
Szeto et al. (2019)Szeto, A., Dobson, K. S., & Knaak, S. (2019). The Road to Mental Readiness for First Responders: A Meta-Analysis of Program Outcomes. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 64 (1), 18S-29S. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743719842562 https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743719842562...
|
Canada |
First responders (e.g., police, firefighters, paramedics, emergency services) ( N = 4649) |
Sectors not reported, although the public sector is predominant |
Pre-experimental design (Pre- and post-test design) |
With a 3-month follow- up in 5 groups of first responders in 16 workplaces. The Road to Mental Readiness for First Responders (R2MR), a resilience and anti-stigma program, was tested with meta-analytic methods, with a regular duration of 4 h or an extended period of 8 h |
It seeks to decrease stigma toward mental disorders and increase resilience. The extended version also incorporates creating a supportive work environment and following up after stressful events |
The intervention effectively reduced mental health stigma and increased resilience skills after program implementation in participants from the various work settings of the first responder groups |
The study design was a pre-post test with a follow-up open trial. Despite the large pre-post sample, there was substantial attrition at the followup time point. Finally, the current study conducted followup assessment at a 3-month period; this may not be sufficient to assess its effects |
Tynan et al. (2018)Tynan, R. J., James, C., Considine, R., Skehan, J., Gullestrup, J., Lewin, T. J., … Kelly, B. J. (2018). Feasibility and acceptability of strategies to address mental health and mental ill-health in the Australian coal mining industry. International Journal of Mental Health Systems, 12 (66). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13033-018-0245-8 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13033-018-0245-...
|
Australia |
Coal mining workers ( N = 1275) and their supervisors ( N = 117) |
Private sector Coal mining industrial sector |
Pre-experimental design (Pre- and post-test design) |
This multi-component program includes the MATES intervention (peer-based mental health and suicide prevention program) and training aimed at supervisors. The duration of each specific component of the program is reported from 1 h to 2 days |
It seeks to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of a peer-based program focused on mental health and suicide prevention, specifically on its identification and promotion of supportive behaviors |
Both workers and supervisors were more confident that they could identify a co-worker with mental health problems, help a coworker, family member, or themselves identify where to get support. They were also more willing to talk to a co-worker about mental health |
The design was pre-post and therefore lack a control group. The process evaluation measured participants’ perceptions and attitudes, but did not determine whether this translates into changes in their behavior |