Analytical expertise |
A priori
|
According to Brill et al. (2006)Brill, J. M., Bishop, M. J., & Walker, A. E. (2006). The competencies and characteristic required of an effective project manager: a web-based Delphi study. Educational Technology Research and Development, 54(2), 115-140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11423-006-8251-y. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11423-006-825...
involves prioritizing, capturing, and using knowledge, being able to research . |
Autonomy |
A priori/a posteriori
|
Related to self-driven ways of working, initiative and ability to work efficiently without direct supervision, and improve themselves continuously (Shamim et al., 2016Shamim, S., Cang, S., Yu, H., & Li, Y. (2016). Management approaches for Industry 4.0: A human resource management perspective. 2016 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, CEC 2016, (October 2017), 5309-5316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/CEC.2016.7748365 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/CEC.2016.77483...
) |
Communication skills |
A priori/a posteriori
|
Involves listening effectively, having strong verbal and written communication skills (Brill et al., 2006Brill, J. M., Bishop, M. J., & Walker, A. E. (2006). The competencies and characteristic required of an effective project manager: a web-based Delphi study. Educational Technology Research and Development, 54(2), 115-140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11423-006-8251-y. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11423-006-825...
). In our study, proficiency in different languages was also considered a significant communication skill. |
Creativity |
A priori
|
As stated in the WEF report, (2018, p.29), “innovation requires creativity and alternative thinking to develop new ideas for and answers to work-related problems”. |
Multi-skilled and Flexible |
A priori
|
Presented in the listings as ‘able to work with multidisciplinary scope of development’ and ‘successful integration in interdisciplinary and multicultural teams.’ Adaptation to any technology is also a required competency, as stated by Ghobakhloo (2018)Ghobakhloo, M. (2018). The future of manufacturing industry: a strategic roadmap toward Industry 4.0. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 29(6), 910-936. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/JMTM-02-2018-0057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/JMTM-02-2018-0...
. |
Problem-solving expertise |
A priori
|
Considered by Brill et al. (2006)Brill, J. M., Bishop, M. J., & Walker, A. E. (2006). The competencies and characteristic required of an effective project manager: a web-based Delphi study. Educational Technology Research and Development, 54(2), 115-140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11423-006-8251-y. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11423-006-825...
as the individual´s ability to recognize a problem, manage crises and risk, frame a problem, know the escalation point, and know how to apply alternate methods. |
Project management skills |
A priori
|
“The application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to project activities to meet project requirements” (Englund & Highlights, 2012Englund, R. L., & Highlights, A. B. (2012). The complete project manager: building the right set of skills for greater project success. In PMI Global Congress 2012. Marsailles, France: Project Management Institute. Retrieved in 26 November 2019, from www.englundpmc.com www.englundpmc.com...
) |
Relational capability |
A priori
|
According to Dyer & Singh (1998)Dyer, J. H., & Singh, H. (1998). The relational view: cooperative strategy and sources of interorganizational competitive advantage. Academy of Management Review, 23(4), 660-679. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/amr.1998.1255632. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/amr.1998.12556...
, relational capital refers to mutual trust, respect, friendship, and high reciprocity among individuals. |
Technical expertise |
A posteriori
|
According to Santos et al. (2017) Santos, P. F., Simon, A. T., Guimarães, G. E., Amorim, M., & Vieira Junior, M. (2017). Analyzing the competences of production engineering graduates: an industry perspective. Production, 27(0). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6513.005317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6513.0053...
, technical competencies are related to different actions such as analysis, design, planning, implementation, control, and improvement. |