Strategy
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Digital transformation is directly related to creating opportunities through new business models that aim to increase flexibility and improve operational performance. The strategic aspect of the organization must be aligned and planned in a structured manner to achieve the digitalization objectives. |
Bader et al. (2019)Bader, S., Barth, T., Krohn, P., Ruchser, R., Storch, L., Wagner, L., Findeisen, S., Pokorni, B., Braun, A., Ohlhausen, P., & Palm, D. (2019). Agile shopfloor organization design for industry 4.0 manufacturing. Procedia Manufacturing, 39, 756-764. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2020.01.434. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2020....
and Zangiacomi et al. (2018)Zangiacomi, A., Sacco, M., Pessot, E., De Zan, A., & Bertetti, M. (2018, June 17-20). A perspective for the implementation of a path towards the factory of the future: the Italian case. In G. Baltes & M. König (Orgs.), 2018 IEEE International Conference on Engineering, Technology and Innovation (ICE/ITMC) (pp. 1-9). New York, United States of America: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICE.2018.8436386. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICE.2018.84363...
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Qualified Professionals
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It is essential that companies make human competence and employee development one of the main components of the system, strengthening the “digital awareness” of their employees. |
Havle & Üçler (2018)Havle, C. A., & Üçler, C. (2018, October 19-21). Enablers for industry 4.0. In Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (Org.), 2018 2nd International Symposium on Multidisciplinary Studies and Innovative Technologies (ISMSIT) (pp. 1-6). New York, United States of America: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISMSIT.2018.8567293. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISMSIT.2018.8567...
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Resource Management (Environment)
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Refers to using technology aimed at sustainability to reduce the consumption of resources such as energy and materials during the production process. |
Calabrese et al. (2022)Calabrese, A., Dora, M., Ghiron, N. L., & Tiburzi, L. (2022). Industry’s 4.0 transformation process: how to start, where to aim, what to be aware of. Production Planning and Control: The Management of Operations, 33(5), 492-512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09537287.2020.1830315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09537287.2020....
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Customer Focus
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Digitalization of customer contact and integration of product data. Use of digital technologies to intensify customer contact. Use of digital technologies to constantly adapt to customer needs. |
Rachinger et al. (2019)Rachinger, M., Rauter, R., Müller, C., Vorraber, W., & Schirgi, E. (2019). Digitalization and its influence on business model innovation. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 30(8), 1143-1160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/JMTM-01-2018-0020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/JMTM-01-2018-0...
and Schumacher et al. (2019)Schumacher, A., Nemeth, T., & Sihn, W. (2019). Roadmapping towards industrial digitalization based on an industry 4.0 maturity model for manufacturing enterprises. Procedia CIRP, 79, 409-414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2019.02.110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2019....
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Roadmap
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The roadmap helps through planning and visualization over time, following each decision on the way to digital transformation. It is a roadmap of the relevant technologies to be implemented to facilitate the digital transformation journey according to the business model and company needs. |
Ghobakhloo & Ching (2019)Ghobakhloo, M., & Ching, N. T. (2019). Adoption of digital technologies of smart manufacturing in SMEs. Journal of Industrial Information Integration, 16, 100107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jii.2019.100107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jii.2019.100...
and Zangiacomi et al. (2018)Zangiacomi, A., Sacco, M., Pessot, E., De Zan, A., & Bertetti, M. (2018, June 17-20). A perspective for the implementation of a path towards the factory of the future: the Italian case. In G. Baltes & M. König (Orgs.), 2018 IEEE International Conference on Engineering, Technology and Innovation (ICE/ITMC) (pp. 1-9). New York, United States of America: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICE.2018.8436386. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICE.2018.84363...
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Culture
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Aspect associated with the company's strategy in the sense of a definition of how the existing culture will be adapted and transformed into a digital culture. |
Lipsmeier et al. (2020)Lipsmeier, A., Kühn, A., Joppen, R., & Dumitrescu, R. (2020). Process for the development of a digital strategy. Procedia CIRP, 88, 173-178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2020.05.031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2020....
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Integration – Vertical and Horizontal
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Vertical integration aims to connect processes through ERP and MES systems at all organizational levels, from operations to company management. In turn, horizontal integration aims to ensure the interoperability of the supply chain using technology between suppliers and the organization. This aspect represents the complete integration of the value chain from customer to supplier, covering the entire organizational structure from the shop floor to management. |
Havle & Üçler (2018)Havle, C. A., & Üçler, C. (2018, October 19-21). Enablers for industry 4.0. In Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (Org.), 2018 2nd International Symposium on Multidisciplinary Studies and Innovative Technologies (ISMSIT) (pp. 1-6). New York, United States of America: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISMSIT.2018.8567293. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISMSIT.2018.8567...
and Lin et al. (2020)Lin, T. C., Wang, K. J., & Sheng, M. L. (2020). To assess smart manufacturing readiness by maturity model: a case study on Taiwan enterprises. International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 33(1), 102-115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0951192X.2019.1699255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0951192X.2019....
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Operations Management: Monitoring and Control
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Integration between information systems that allow production management, manufacturing execution, and control of manufacturing processes in a connected way for decision-making. This aspect determines the behavior of operations over time and depends on the commitment of top-level process owners to manage the implementation and performance of processes, the management of systems and process requirements, and the quality of metrics used for measuring the success of the operation. |
Calà et al. (2018)Calà, A. L. A., Luder, A., Boschi, F., Tavola, G., & Taisch, M. (2018, May 15-18). Migration towards digital manufacturing automation - an assessment approach. In A. A. N. Melendez & S. Shavetov (Orgs.), 2018 IEEE Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems (ICPS) (pp. 714-719). New York, United States of America: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICPHYS.2018.8390795. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICPHYS.2018.83...
and Lin et al. (2020)Lin, T. C., Wang, K. J., & Sheng, M. L. (2020). To assess smart manufacturing readiness by maturity model: a case study on Taiwan enterprises. International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 33(1), 102-115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0951192X.2019.1699255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0951192X.2019....
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Investment in Technologies (Innovation)
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The organization must invest in internal and external sources for developing new technologies both externally by observing practical examples from other companies and scientific publications and internally by investing in research and development activities. |
Zangiacomi et al. (2020)Zangiacomi, A., Pessot, E., Fornasiero, R., Bertetti, M., & Sacco, M. (2020). Moving towards digitalization: a multiple case study in manufacturing. Production Planning and Control, 31(2-3), 143-157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09537287.2019.1631468. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09537287.2019....
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Information Technology Infrastructure
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The organization must have a clear perception of the value of Information Technology, which includes the development and monitoring of a structure of digital hardware, integration software, data security measures, trained professionals working on technology projects, and, finally, system maintenance. |
Ghobakhloo & Ching (2019)Ghobakhloo, M., & Ching, N. T. (2019). Adoption of digital technologies of smart manufacturing in SMEs. Journal of Industrial Information Integration, 16, 100107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jii.2019.100107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jii.2019.100...
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Smart Products
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Development of products capable of collecting and transmitting information, either for the organization or its own life cycle. |
Török (2020)Török, L. (2020). Industry 4.0 from a few aspects, in particular in respect of the decision making of the management/will the new industrial revolution change the traditional management functions? International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering, 11(2), 140-146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/1848.2020.20020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/1848.2020.2002...
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Smart Services
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Introduction of new services and solutions added to the product, giving a new value proposition to the business through digitalization. |
Rachinger et al. (2019)Rachinger, M., Rauter, R., Müller, C., Vorraber, W., & Schirgi, E. (2019). Digitalization and its influence on business model innovation. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 30(8), 1143-1160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/JMTM-01-2018-0020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/JMTM-01-2018-0...
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