Validity of Zulliger-SC in the Cognitive Assessment of Elderly and Long-Lived Adults

Grazziotin, Jucelaine Bier Di Domenico; Scortegagna, Silvana Alba

doi:10.1590/1413-82712021260314

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Papers • Psico-USF 26 (3) • Jul-Sep 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-82712021260314 copy

Validity of Zulliger-SC in the Cognitive Assessment of Elderly and Long-Lived Adults

Validade do Zulliger-SC na Avaliação Cognitiva de adultos idosos e longevos

Validez de Zulliger-SC en la Evaluación Cognitiva de Adultos Mayores y Longevos

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

This study sought evidence of validity of the Zulliger method to evaluate cognitive processes in elderly and long-lived adults and to verify the relationship between cognition and external variables. Participated 142 subjects, aged between 18 and 96 years old. The Zulliger Comprehensive System (ZSC), Mini-Mental State Examination and sociodemographic protocols were used as of data collection. The older and long-lived adults presented a significant decrease in mediation (X-%, XA%, P) and abstract reasoning (M) when compared to young and middle-aged adults. Education and socioeconomic status (SES) demonstrated significant and positive correlations with cognitive processes (R, ZF, W, M, DQ+ and Intellectualization). The findings are fundamental to psychological practice and to directing measures for cognitive preservation in human aging.

Keywords:
psychological assessment; projective techniques; adults; aging

				Age	Groups
	80 - 96	years	60 - 79	years	30 - 59	years	18 - 29	years
Zulliger	M	SD	M	SD	M	SD	M	SD	p
R	7.20	2.29	9.77	4.13	8.00	2.31	8.25	2.38	0.009**
Zf	3.03	1.47	4.13	2.20	3.60	1.47	3.53	1.29	0.081
W	1.27	0.94	1.58	1.08	1.81	1.33	1.47	1.27	0.302
M	0.70	0.91	0.71	1.05	0.81	0.86	1.19	0.89	0.121
PSV	0.47	0.68	0.21	0.41	0.16	0.37	0.13	0.33	0.105
DQv	0.50	0.68	0.48	0.87	0.41	0.71	0.53	0.84	0.934
DQ+	1.70	1.05	2.19	1.67	2.09	1.14	1.97	1.09	0.384
XA%	77.39	15.94	76.06	14.09	84.96	12.89	82.36	11.16	0.019*
WDA%	71.68	17.98	71.60	17.81	75.44	16.16	74.00	15.05	0.732
X-%	21.43	15.93	21.94	12.86	14.57	12.12	16.08	10.29	0.033*
Xu%	25.65	18.29	29.12	16.11	29.23	13.22	28.36	15.91	0.786
S-	0.20	0.41	0.54	0.62	0.16	0.37	0.19	0.39	0.005**
X+%	52.40	21.57	46.73	20.87	52.78	17.92	52.99	18.66	0.412
F%	50.47	25.86	46.52	17.98	37.60	23.50	42.63	18.82	0.102
P	0.93	0.94	1.17	0.83	1.50	0.88	1.63	1.00	0.011*
a	0.87	0.86	1.35	1.21	1.34	1.18	1.41	1.13	0.196
p	0.97	1.21	0.98	1.10	1.16	1.39	1.00	1.13	0.912
Ma	0.33	0.55	0.44	0.71	0.56	0.76	0.91	0.64	0.005**
Mp	0.37	0.67	0.35	0.73	0.22	0.49	0.38	0.70	0.754
[2AB+(Art+Ay)]	1.37	1.59	1.29	1.40	0.94	1.10	0.81	1.12	0.247
MOR	0.25	0.51	0.25	0.48	0.41	0.56	0.25	0.51	0.370
Sum6	0.31	0.47	0.56	0.68	0.47	0.57	0.31	0.47	0.253
WSum6	0.78	1.29	1.38	2.20	1.19	1.61	0.78	1.29	0.253
Comparison of GROUPS				ZSC		MD CI95%		p
Long lived x Elderly				R		- 2,60 (0,70 - 4,50)		0.004
Long lived x Elderly				S-		0,34 (0,04 - 0,65)		0.022
Long lived x Middle age				XA%		-7,60 (0,70 -14,40)		0.031
Long lived x Middle age				X-%		6,90 (0,37- 13,34)		0.038
Long lived x Young				P		-0,69 (0,04 - 1,35)		0.035
Long lived x Young				Ma		-0,57 (0,19 - 0,97)		0.002
Elderly x Middle age				XA%		-8,90 (2,70-15,10)		0.005
Elderly x Middle age				X-		7,40 (1,50-13,20)		0.013
Elderly x Young				Ma		0,39 (0,09 - 0,68)		0.004

	SES		Education level
Zulliger	r	p	r	p
R	0.30	0.001**	0.13	0.127
Zf	0.34	0.001**	0.27	0.001**
W	0.23	0.005**	0.27	0.001**
M	0.22	0.010**	-0.03	0.726
PSV	0.11	0.177	0.0 6	0.463
DQv	0.01	0.994	-0.05	0.503
DQ+	0.25	0.003**	0.19	0.025*
XA%	0.10	0.218	0.29	0.001**
WDA%	0.14	0.090	0.19	0.020*
X-%	-0.07	0.349	- 0.27	0.001**
Xu%	0.15	0.076	0.10	0.208
S-	0.10	0.245	0.02	0.819
X+%	0.01	0.989	0.09	0.264
F%	0.05	0.587	-0.16	0.059
P	0.02	0.843	0.39	0.001***
a	0.14	0.105	0.25	0.002*
p	0.01	0.175	0.02	0.793
Ma	0.04	0.608	0.45	0.001***
[2AB+(Art+Ay)]	0.18	0.035*	0.01	0.876

Universidade de São Francisco, Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Psicologia R. Waldemar César da Silveira, 105, Vl. Cura D'Ars (SWIFT), Campinas - São Paulo, CEP 13045-510, Telefone: (19)3779-3771 - Campinas - SP - Brazil
E-mail: revistapsico@usf.edu.br

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[1] Contact: University of Passo Fundo Graduate Program in Human Aging BR 285 - Cx. Postal 611, São José Passo Fundo-RS, Brasil CEP: 99052-900 Phone: (054) 3316-8384