Private Self-consciousness, Self-reflection, Insight and Alcohol Consumption Among Young People and Adults

Leal, Cristyan Karla Nogueira; Faria, Gabriel Gonzaga Barbosa de; DeSouza, Mariane Lima

doi:10.1590/1413-82712019240403

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Papers • Psico-USF 24 (4) • Oct-Dec 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-82712019240403 copy

Private Self-consciousness, Self-reflection, Insight and Alcohol Consumption Among Young People and Adults

Autoconsciência Privada, Autorreflexão, Insight e Consumo de Álcool Entre Jovens e Adultos

Autoconciencia Privada, Autorreflexión, Insight y Consumo de Alcohol Entre Jóvenes y Adultos

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Private self-consciousness is a relevant metacognitive capacity in the self-regulation process, with possible implications in alcohol consumption. This research verified the influence of self-reflection and insight, dimensions of private self-consciousness, on drinking behavior. A total of 523 Brazilians, aged from 20 to 39 years old, participated in a survey by answering the Self-Reflection and Insight Scale and the AUDIT test. The results showed that women have higher levels of self-reflection, whereas men have higher levels of insight. With regard to alcohol consumption, young people drink at higher risk levels than adults. Self-reflection and insight were negatively correlated with alcohol consumption. Age and gender differences in the intensity of the correlation between variables and the influence of environmental factors on the regulation of drinking behavior are discussed.

Keywords:
self-reflection; insight; self-regulation; youth; alcohol consumption

Descriptive Statistics
	Groups	M	SD	SE	95% CI		Min	Max
					L	U
Self-reflection	Male	34.62	7.60	0.42	33.79	35.45	12	48
	Female	36.95	7.40	0.52	35.92	37.98	13	48
	Young	35.23	7.65	0.36	34.53	35.94	12	48
	Adult	37.42	7.03	0.86	35.70	39.13	16	48

Insight	Male	18.89	5.69	0.32	18.27	19.52	2	32
	Female	16.63	6.08	0.43	15.78	17.47	3	32
	Young	17.78	5.86	0.28	17.24	18.32	2	32
	Adult	19.66	6.22	0.76	18.14	21.17	3	32

Alcohol Consumption	Male	8.68	4.81	0.27	8.15	9.21	1	25
	Female	7.75	4.67	0.33	7.10	8.40	1	23
	Young	8.42	4.81	0.23	7.98	8.86	1	25
	Adult	7.66	4.51	0.55	6.56	8.76	1	20

Student’s t Test for Independent Samples by Gender and Age Group
	Groups	t	df	Mean Difference	SE Mean	95% CI
Self-reflection						L	U
	Gender	-3.45***	521	-2.33	0.68	-3.66	-1.00
	Age group	-2.20*	521	-2.18	0.99	-4.13	-0.24
Insight
	Gender	4.32***	521	2.27	0.53	1.24	3.30
	Age group	-2.42*	521	-1.87	0.77	-3.39	-0.36
Alcohol consumption
Alcohol consumption	Gender	2.18*	521	0.93	0.43	0.09	1.77
Age group	1.22	521	0.76	0.63	-0.47	1.99

Correlations	Total	Gender		Age Group
Correlations	Total	Male	Female	Young	Adult
Self-reflection and Alcohol Consumption	-.10**	-.08	-.11	-.10*	-.09
Insight and Alcohol Consumption	-.26***	-.28***	-.29***	-.26***	-.20*
Self-reflection and Insight	.12**	.10**	.24***	.10*	.24*

Gender^a	Alcohol Consumption^b		Self-reflection		Insight		Inferential statistics
		N	M	DP	M	DP
Male	Low risk	158	35.11	8.03	20.66	4.89	Self-reflection as Dependent Variable (DV)
	Risk	164	34.15	7.15	17.20	5.89	a F^{(1, 519)} = 11.03***, p = .001, η2p = .021
	Total	322	34.62	7.60	18.89	5.69	b F^{(1, 519)} = 3.03, p = .082, η2p = .006
							c F^{(1, 519)} = 0.104, p = .747, η2p = .000
Female	Low risk	111	37.58	7.33	17.87	5.71
	Risk	90	36.18	7.45	15.09	6.20	Insight as Dependent Variable (DV)
	Total	201	36.95	7.40	16.63	6.08	a F^{(1, 519)} = 23.23***, p < .001, η2p = .043
							b F^{(1, 519)} = 37.91***, p < .001, η2p = .068
Total	Low risk	269	36.13	7.83	19.51	5.41	c F^{(1, 519)} = 0.45, p = .504, η2p = .001
	Risk	254	34.87	7.31	16.45	6.08
	Total	523	35.51	7.60	18.02	5.94

Universidade de São Francisco, Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Psicologia R. Waldemar César da Silveira, 105, Vl. Cura D'Ars (SWIFT), Campinas - São Paulo, CEP 13045-510, Telefone: (19)3779-3771 - Campinas - SP - Brazil
E-mail: revistapsico@usf.edu.br

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