| Mathematics proficiency (dependent variable) |
Mathematics proficiency estimated by Inep (250, 50), using as reference the Grade 9 of Elementary School in 1997. |
| Control variables |
| Socioeconomic status |
SES - extracted from student questionnaire using factor analysis. |
| Mother's education |
1 = did not attend school or did not complete Grade 4 of Elementary School 2 = completed Grade 4, but not Grade 8 of Elementary School 3 = completed Grade 8 of Elementary School, but not High School 4 = completed High School, but did not graduate on Higher Education 5 = completed Higher Education |
| Average SES |
The average of student socioeconomic level per school. |
| Average Mother's education |
The average of mother's education per school. |
| Level 1 variables |
| Gender |
0 = female; 1 = male. |
| Correct age |
Correct age for school grade: 0 = other ages; 1 = proper age for school year. |
| First school inscription |
0 = after Grade 1 of Elementary School; 1= at Grade 1 of Elementary School 2 = at pre-school; 3= at kindergarten |
| Doing chores |
Time spent on chores in school days. 0 = 0 hours; 1 = 1 hour or less 2 = 2 hours; 3 = 3 hours; 4 = 4 hours or more |
| Work |
Student who works: 0 = No; 1 = Yes |
| Grade repetition |
0 = no; 1 = yes |
| Dropout |
0 = no; 1 = yes |
| Homework |
Doing homework and homework is corrected by the teacher. Factor extracted from student survey. |
| Encouragement |
Encouragement by parents. Factor extracted from student survey. |
| Ethnicity |
0 = brown, black, and indigenous; 1 = Asian and white |
| Books |
Amount of books at home: 0 = none; 1 = 1 to 20; 2 = 21 to 100; 3 = Over 100 books |
| TV |
Amount of hours per day watching TV, surfing Internet or playing electronic games during the week. Grade 5: 1 = 1 hour or less; 2 = two hours or less Grade 9: 1 = 1 hour or less; 2 = two hours; 3 = 3 hours or less |
| Number of people |
Number of people living at home with you: 1 = none or one person 2 = two people 3 = three people 4 = four to five people 5 = six to eight people 6 = more than eight people |
| Level 2 variables |
| Equipment |
State of conservation of equipment of the school; factor extracted from school survey. |
| Depredation |
Assesses the school's depredation level; factor extracted from school survey. |
| Security |
Assesses the school's security level; factor extracted from school survey. |
| Dropout rate |
Percentage of dropout per school. |
| Shortage of teachers |
Assess if lack of teachers is a problem. 0 = no; 1 = yes, but no severe problem 2 = yes, and it is a severe problem |
| Pedagogical practices |
Assesses strategies employed by teachers in classroom practice; factor extracted from teacher survey. |
| Pedagogical equipment |
Assesses equipment employed by teachers in classroom practice; factor extracted from teacher survey. |
| Number of students |
Number of participating students, per school, in the 2009 Brazilian national assessment of educational progress. |
| School infrastructure |
Assesses school infrastructure from Brazilian basic education census data (Soares Neto, de Jesus, Karino, & Andrade, 2013Soares Neto, J. J., Jesus, G. R., Karino, C. A., & Andrade, D. F. (2013). Uma escala para medir a infraestrutura escolar. Estudos em Avaliação Educacional, 24(54), 78-99. Retrieved from http://www.fcc.org.br/pesquisa/publicacoes/eae/arquivos/1786/1786.pdf
http://www.fcc.org.br/pesquisa/publicaco...
). |
